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skeleton of advanced iterators chapter

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Mark Pilgrim
2009-03-29 18:35:36 -05:00
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advanced-iterators.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<meta charset=utf-8>
<title>Advanced Iterators - Dive into Python 3</title>
<link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=dip3.css>
<style>
body{counter-reset:h1 6}
</style>
</head>
<form action=http://www.google.com/cse><div><input type=hidden name=cx value=014021643941856155761:l5eihuescdw><input type=hidden name=ie value=UTF-8>&nbsp;<input name=q size=31>&nbsp;<input type=submit name=sa value=Search></div></form>
<p>You are here: <a href=index.html>Home</a> <span>&#8227;</span> <a href=table-of-contents.html#advanced-iterators>Dive Into Python 3</a> <span>&#8227;</span>
<h1>Iterators <i class=baa>&amp;</i> Generators</h1>
<blockquote class=q>
<p><span>&#x275D;</span> FIXME <span>&#x275E;</span><br>&mdash; FIXME
</blockquote>
<p id=toc>&nbsp;
<h2 id=divingin>Diving In</h2>
<p class=f>FIXME
<h2 id=furtherreading>Further Reading</h2>
<ul>
</ul>
<p class=c>&copy; 2001&ndash;9 <a href=about.html><span>&#x2133;</span>ark Pilgrim</a>
<script src=jquery.js></script>
<script src=dip3.js></script>
index.html
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<li><a href=native-datatypes.html>Native Datatypes</a> <li><a href=native-datatypes.html>Native Datatypes</a>
<li><a href=strings.html>Strings</a> <li><a href=strings.html>Strings</a>
<li><a href=regular-expressions.html>Regular Expressions</a> <li><a href=regular-expressions.html>Regular Expressions</a>
<li class=todo>The power of introspection <li><a href=iterators-and-generators.html>Iterators <i class=baa>&amp;</i> Generators</a>
<li><a href=advanced-iterators.html>Advanced Iterators</a>
<li class=todo>Objects and object-orientation <li class=todo>Objects and object-orientation
<li><a href=unit-testing.html>Unit Testing</a> <li><a href=unit-testing.html>Unit Testing</a>
<li class=todo>Test-first programming <li class=todo>Test-first programming
<li class=todo>Refactoring your code <li class=todo>Refactoring your code
<li class=todo>Files <li class=todo>Files
<li><a href=iterators-and-generators.html>Iterators <i class=baa>&amp;</i> Generators</a>
<li class=todo>HTML processing <li class=todo>HTML processing
<li class=todo>XML processing <li class=todo>XML processing
<li class=todo>Web services <li class=todo>Web services
iterators-and-generators.html
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<title>Iterators &amp; generators - Dive into Python 3</title> <title>Iterators &amp; generators - Dive into Python 3</title>
<link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=dip3.css> <link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=dip3.css>
<style> <style>
body{counter-reset:h1 11} body{counter-reset:h1 5}
</style> </style>
</head> </head>
<form action=http://www.google.com/cse><div><input type=hidden name=cx value=014021643941856155761:l5eihuescdw><input type=hidden name=ie value=UTF-8>&nbsp;<input name=q size=31>&nbsp;<input type=submit name=sa value=Search></div></form> <form action=http://www.google.com/cse><div><input type=hidden name=cx value=014021643941856155761:l5eihuescdw><input type=hidden name=ie value=UTF-8>&nbsp;<input name=q size=31>&nbsp;<input type=submit name=sa value=Search></div></form>
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</blockquote> </blockquote>
<p id=toc>&nbsp; <p id=toc>&nbsp;
<h2 id=divingin>Diving In</h2> <h2 id=divingin>Diving In</h2>
<p class=f>Let&#8217;s talk about plural nouns. Also, functions that return other functions, advanced regular expressions, iterators, and generators. But first, let&#8217;s talk about how to make plural nouns. (If you haven&#8217;t read <a href=regular-expressions.html>the chapter on regular expressions</a>, now would be a good time. This chapter assumes you understand the basics of regular expressions, and quickly descends into more advanced uses.) <p class=f>English is a schizophrenic language that borrows words from many other languages. The most basic linguistic operations, like taking a singular noun and turning it into a plural noun, are complicated by the language's mixed heritage. There are rules, and then there are exceptions to those rules, and then there are exceptions to the exceptions.
<p>English is a schizophrenic language that borrows from a lot of other languages, and the rules for making singular nouns into plural nouns are varied and complex. There are rules, and then there are exceptions to those rules, and then there are exceptions to the exceptions. <p>In this chapter, you&#8217;re going to learn about about plural nouns. Also, functions that return other functions, advanced regular expressions, iterators, and generators. But first, let&#8217;s talk about how to make plural nouns. (If you haven&#8217;t read <a href=regular-expressions.html>the chapter on regular expressions</a>, now would be a good time. This chapter assumes you understand the basics of regular expressions, and it quickly descends into more advanced uses.)
<aside>English is a schizophrenic language.</aside>
<p>If you grew up in an English-speaking country or learned English in a formal school setting, you&#8217;re probably familiar with the basic rules: <p>If you grew up in an English-speaking country or learned English in a formal school setting, you&#8217;re probably familiar with the basic rules:
<ul> <ul>
<li>If a word ends in S, X, or Z, add ES. <i>Bass</i> becomes <i>basses</i>, <i>fax</i> becomes <i>faxes</i>, and <i>waltz</i> becomes <i>waltzes</i>. <li>If a word ends in S, X, or Z, add ES. <i>Bass</i> becomes <i>basses</i>, <i>fax</i> becomes <i>faxes</i>, and <i>waltz</i> becomes <i>waltzes</i>.
@@ -250,6 +249,7 @@ $ $ s</code></pre>
<p>Now let&#8217;s see how you can use this rules file. <p>Now let&#8217;s see how you can use this rules file.
<p>[FIXME: now that this chapter comes before the I/O chapter, need to at least mention what open() does]
<p class=d>[<a href=examples/plural4.py>download <code>plural4.py</code></a>] <p class=d>[<a href=examples/plural4.py>download <code>plural4.py</code></a>]
<pre><code>import re <pre><code>import re
table-of-contents.html
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<li><a href=regular-expressions.html#phonenumbers>Case study: parsing phone numbers</a> <li><a href=regular-expressions.html#phonenumbers>Case study: parsing phone numbers</a>
<li><a href=regular-expressions.html#summary>Summary</a> <li><a href=regular-expressions.html#summary>Summary</a>
</ol> </ol>
<li>The power of introspection <li id=iterators-and-generators><a href=iterators-and-generators.html>Iterators <i class=baa>&amp;</i> generators</a>
<ol> <ol>
<li>Diving in <li><a href=iterators-and-generators.html#divingin>Diving in</a>
<li>Using optional and named arguments <li><a href=iterators-and-generators.html#i-know>I know, let&#8217;s use regular expressions!</a>
<li><a href=iterators-and-generators.html#a-list-of-functions>A list of functions</a>
<li><a href=iterators-and-generators.html#a-list-of-patterns>A list of patterns</a>
<li><a href=iterators-and-generators.html#a-file-of-patterns>A file of patterns</a>
<li><a href=iterators-and-generators.html#generators>Generators</a>
<ol> <ol>
<li>Keyword-only arguments <li><a href=iterators-and-generators.html#a-fibonacci-generator>A Fibonacci generator</a>
<li><a href=iterators-and-generators.html#a-plural-rule-generator>A plural rule generator</a>
</ol> </ol>
<li>Using type, str, dir, and other built-in functions <li><a href=iterators-and-generators.html#iterators>Iterators</a>
<ol> <ol>
<li>The type function <li><a href=iterators-and-generators.html#a-fibonacci-iterator>A Fibonacci iterator</a>
<li>The str function <li><a href=iterators-and-generators.html#a-plural-rule-iterator>A plural rule iterator</a>
<li>Built-in functions
</ol> </ol>
<li>Getting object references with getattr <li><a href=iterators-and-generators.html#furtherreading>Further reading</a>
<ol> </ol>
<li>getattr with modules <li><a href=advanced-iterators.html>Advanced Iterators</a>
<li>getattr as a dispatcher <ol>
</ol> <li><a href=advanced-iterators.html#divingin>Diving in</a>
<li>Filtering lists
<li>Using lambda functions
<li>Putting it all together
<li>Summary
</ol> </ol>
<li>Objects and object-orientation <li>Objects and object-orientation
<ol> <ol>
@@ -178,25 +178,6 @@ ul li ol{margin:0;padding:0 0 0 2.5em}
<li>Handling errors (exceptions) <li>Handling errors (exceptions)
<li>Writing to files <li>Writing to files
</ol> </ol>
<li id=iterators-and-generators><a href=iterators-and-generators.html>Iterators <i class=baa>&amp;</i> generators</a>
<ol>
<li><a href=iterators-and-generators.html#divingin>Diving in</a>
<li><a href=iterators-and-generators.html#i-know>I know, let&#8217;s use regular expressions!</a>
<li><a href=iterators-and-generators.html#a-list-of-functions>A list of functions</a>
<li><a href=iterators-and-generators.html#a-list-of-patterns>A list of patterns</a>
<li><a href=iterators-and-generators.html#a-file-of-patterns>A file of patterns</a>
<li><a href=iterators-and-generators.html#generators>Generators</a>
<ol>
<li><a href=iterators-and-generators.html#a-fibonacci-generator>A Fibonacci generator</a>
<li><a href=iterators-and-generators.html#a-plural-rule-generator>A plural rule generator</a>
</ol>
<li><a href=iterators-and-generators.html#iterators>Iterators</a>
<ol>
<li><a href=iterators-and-generators.html#a-fibonacci-iterator>A Fibonacci iterator</a>
<li><a href=iterators-and-generators.html#a-plural-rule-iterator>A plural rule iterator</a>
</ol>
<li><a href=iterators-and-generators.html#furtherreading>Further reading</a>
</ol>
<li>HTML processing <li>HTML processing
<ol> <ol>
<li>Diving in <li>Diving in
unit-testing.html
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<title>Unit testing - Dive into Python 3</title> <title>Unit testing - Dive into Python 3</title>
<link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=dip3.css> <link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=dip3.css>
<style> <style>
body{counter-reset:h1 7} body{counter-reset:h1 8}
</style> </style>
</head> </head>
<form action=http://www.google.com/cse><div><input type=hidden name=cx value=014021643941856155761:l5eihuescdw><input type=hidden name=ie value=UTF-8>&nbsp;<input name=q size=31>&nbsp;<input type=submit name=root value=Search></div></form> <form action=http://www.google.com/cse><div><input type=hidden name=cx value=014021643941856155761:l5eihuescdw><input type=hidden name=ie value=UTF-8>&nbsp;<input name=q size=31>&nbsp;<input type=submit name=root value=Search></div></form>
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</blockquote> </blockquote>
<p id=toc>&nbsp; <p id=toc>&nbsp;
<h2 id=divingin>(Not) Diving In</h2> <h2 id=divingin>(Not) Diving In</h2>
<p class=f>How do you know that the code you wrote yesterday still works after the changes you made today? Every seasoned programmer has war stories of an &#8220;innocent&#8221; change that couldn't <em>possibly</em> have affected that other &#8220;unrelated&#8221; module&hellip; If this sounds familiar, this chapter is for you. <p class=f>In this chapter, you're going to write and debug a set of utility functions to convert to and from Roman numerals. You saw the mechanics of constructing and validating Roman numerals in <a href="regular-expressions.html#romannumerals">&#8220;Case study: roman numerals&#8221;</a>. Now step back and consider what it would take to expand that into a two-way utility.
<p>In this chapter, you're going to write and debug a set of utility functions to convert to and from Roman numerals. You saw the mechanics of constructing and validating Roman numerals in <a href="regular-expressions.html#romannumerals">&#8220;Case study: roman numerals&#8221;</a>. Now step back and consider what it would take to expand that into a two-way utility.
<p><a href="regular-expressions.html#romannumerals">The rules for Roman numerals</a> lead to a number of interesting observations: <p><a href="regular-expressions.html#romannumerals">The rules for Roman numerals</a> lead to a number of interesting observations:
<ol> <ol>
<li>There is only one correct way to represent a particular number as Roman numerals. <li>There is only one correct way to represent a particular number as Roman numerals.