You are here: Home ‣ Dive Into Python 3 ‣ +
Difficulty level: ♦♦♦♦♢
❝ Great fleas have little fleas upon their backs to bite ’em,
And little fleas have lesser fleas, and so ad infinitum. ❞
— Augustus De Morgan diff --git a/case-study-porting-chardet-to-python-3.html b/case-study-porting-chardet-to-python-3.html index c6bb05e..09c6b42 100644 --- a/case-study-porting-chardet-to-python-3.html +++ b/case-study-porting-chardet-to-python-3.html @@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ del{background:#f87}You are here: Home ‣ Dive Into Python 3 ‣ +
Difficulty level: ♦♦♦♦♦
Case Study: Porting
chardetto Python 3❝ Words, words. They’re all we have to go on. ❞
— Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead @@ -1179,7 +1180,6 @@ tests\EUC-JP\arclamp.jp.xml EUC-JP with confide© 2001–9 Mark Pilgrim diff --git a/dip3.css b/dip3.css index 1dba446..06f035e 100644 --- a/dip3.css +++ b/dip3.css @@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ p,ul,ol{margin:1.75em 0;font-size:medium} html{background:#fff;color:#222} body{margin:1.75em 28px} .c{clear:both;text-align:center;margin:2.154em 0} -form div{float:right} +form div,#level{float:right} .todo{color:#ddd} /* links */ @@ -117,4 +117,4 @@ aside{display:block;float:right;font-style:oblique;font-size:xx-large;width:25%; .nav a{text-decoration:none;border:0;display:block} .nav a:first-child{float:left} .nav a:last-child{float:right} -.nav span{font-size:1000%;line-height:1;margin:0} \ No newline at end of file +.nav span{font-size:1000%;line-height:1;margin:0} diff --git a/examples/ordereddict.py b/examples/ordereddict.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ccf39fc --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/ordereddict.py @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +# +# OrderedDict will be part of the collections module in Python 3.1. +# This is a standalone version for demonstration purposes only. +# If you're using Python 3.0, you should upgrade to Python 3.1, then +# >>> from collections import OrderedDict +# instead of using this version. +# +# Provenance: +# - PEP 372: OrderedDict http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0372/ +# - Python bug 5397: implement PEP 372 http://bugs.python.org/issue5397 +# - Bug 5397 attachment: http://bugs.python.org/file13231/od7.diff +# + +from collections import MutableMapping +from itertools import zip_longest as _zip_longest + +class OrderedDict(dict, MutableMapping): + + def __init__(self, *args, **kwds): + if len(args) > 1: + raise TypeError('expected at most 1 arguments') + if not hasattr(self, '_keys'): + self._keys = [] + self.update(*args, **kwds) + + def clear(self): + del self._keys[:] + dict.clear(self) + + def __setitem__(self, key, value): + if key not in self: + self._keys.append(key) + dict.__setitem__(self, key, value) + + def __delitem__(self, key): + dict.__delitem__(self, key) + self._keys.remove(key) + + def __iter__(self): + return iter(self._keys) + + def __reversed__(self): + return reversed(self._keys) + + def popitem(self): + if not self: + raise KeyError('dictionary is empty') + key = self._keys.pop() + value = dict.pop(self, key) + return key, value + + def __reduce__(self): + items = [[k, self[k]] for k in self] + inst_dict = vars(self).copy() + inst_dict.pop('_keys', None) + return (self.__class__, (items,), inst_dict) + + setdefault = MutableMapping.setdefault + update = MutableMapping.update + pop = MutableMapping.pop + keys = MutableMapping.keys + values = MutableMapping.values + items = MutableMapping.items + + def __repr__(self): + if not self: + return '%s()' % (self.__class__.__name__,) + return '%s(%r)' % (self.__class__.__name__, list(self.items())) + + def copy(self): + return self.__class__(self) + + @classmethod + def fromkeys(cls, iterable, value=None): + d = cls() + for key in iterable: + d[key] = value + return d + + def __eq__(self, other): + if isinstance(other, OrderedDict): + return all(p==q for p, q in _zip_longest(self.items(), other.items())) + return dict.__eq__(self, other) diff --git a/generators.html b/generators.html index d6da5ea..8cc926b 100644 --- a/generators.html +++ b/generators.html @@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ body{counter-reset:h1 5}
You are here: Home ‣ Dive Into Python 3 ‣ +
Difficulty level: ♦♦♦♢♢
Generators
❝ My spelling is Wobbly. It's good spelling but it Wobbles, and the letters get in the wrong places. ❞
+ + +
— Winnie-the-Pooh diff --git a/iterators-and-generators.html b/iterators-and-generators.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a751fa2 --- /dev/null +++ b/iterators-and-generators.html @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ + +Secret Leftover Page - Dive into Python 3 + + + + + +You are here: Home ‣ Dive Into Python 3 ‣ +
Secret Leftover Page
+++❝ You step in the stream / but the water has moved on. / This page is not here. ❞
— 404 Not Found haiku ++
Huh?
+This book used to have a chapter called “Iterators & Generators,” but I split the chapter in half so I could introduce Python classes before talking about iterators. The content that used to be at this address is now in one of those two chapters: + +
+
+ + + +- Generators +
- Iterators +
© 2001–9 Mark Pilgrim + + diff --git a/iterators.html b/iterators.html index c8163b6..9cfb338 100644 --- a/iterators.html +++ b/iterators.html @@ -10,13 +10,16 @@ body{counter-reset:h1 6}
You are here: Home ‣ Dive Into Python 3 ‣ +
Difficulty level: ♦♦♦♢♢
Iterators
❝ East is East, and West is West, and never the twain shall meet. ❞
— Rudyard Kipling
Diving In
-Generators are really just a special case of iterators. A function that
yields values is a nice, compact way of building an iterator without building an iterator. Remember the Fibonacci generator? Here it is as a built-from-scratch iterator: +Generators are really just a special case of iterators. A function that
yields values is a nice, compact way of building an iterator without building an iterator. Let me show you what I mean by that. + +Remember the Fibonacci generator? Here it is as a built-from-scratch iterator:
class Fib: @@ -48,10 +51,11 @@ body{counter-reset:h1 6}+ pass ②class PapayaWhip: ① - pass ②
- The name of this class is
PapayaWhip, and it doesn't inherit from any other class. Class names are usually capitalized,EachWordLikeThis, but this is only a convention, not a requirement.- You probably guessed this, but everything in a class is indented, just like the code within a function,
ifstatement,forloop, or any other block of code. The first line not indented is outside the class. +This
PapayaWhipclass doesn't define any methods or attributes, but syntactically, there needs to be something in the definition, thus thepassstatement. This is a Python reserved word that just means “move along, nothing to see here”. It's a statement that does nothing, and it's a good placeholder when you're stubbing out functions or classes. diff --git a/native-datatypes.html b/native-datatypes.html index b373e9d..9f1df47 100644 --- a/native-datatypes.html +++ b/native-datatypes.html @@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ body{counter-reset:h1 2}You are here: Home ‣ Dive Into Python 3 ‣ +
Difficulty level: ♦♦♢♢♢
Native Datatypes
❝ Wonder is the foundation of all philosophy, inquiry its progress, ignorance its end. ❞
— Michel de Montaigne diff --git a/porting-code-to-python-3-with-2to3.html b/porting-code-to-python-3-with-2to3.html index cf75c36..2c0069e 100644 --- a/porting-code-to-python-3-with-2to3.html +++ b/porting-code-to-python-3-with-2to3.html @@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ td pre{padding:0;border:0}You are here: Home ‣ Dive Into Python 3 ‣ +
Difficulty level: ♦♦♦♦♦
Porting Code to Python 3 with
2to3❝ Life is pleasant. Death is peaceful. It’s the transition that’s troublesome. ❞
— Isaac Asimov (attributed) diff --git a/refactoring.html b/refactoring.html index 97e6ddf..1087857 100644 --- a/refactoring.html +++ b/refactoring.html @@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ body{counter-reset:h1 10}You are here: Home ‣ Dive Into Python 3 ‣ +
Difficulty level: ♦♦♦♦♢
Refactoring
❝ After one has played a vast quantity of notes and more notes, it is simplicity that emerges as the crowning reward of art. ❞
— Frédéric Chopin diff --git a/regular-expressions.html b/regular-expressions.html index ad041dc..6c987fb 100644 --- a/regular-expressions.html +++ b/regular-expressions.html @@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ body{counter-reset:h1 4}You are here: Home ‣ Dive Into Python 3 ‣ +
Difficulty level: ♦♦♦♢♢
Regular Expressions
❝ Some people, when confronted with a problem, think “I know, I’ll use regular expressions.” Now they have two problems. ❞
+ +
— Jamie Zawinski diff --git a/special-method-names.html b/special-method-names.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..643609e --- /dev/null +++ b/special-method-names.html @@ -0,0 +1,231 @@ + +Special Method Names - Dive into Python 3 + + + + + + +You are here: Home ‣ Dive Into Python 3 ‣ +
Difficulty level: ♦♦♦♦♢ +
Special Method Names
+++❝ FIXME ❞
— FIXME ++
Diving In
+FIXME + +
+ + + +import collections +import itertools + +class OrderedDict(dict, collections.MutableMapping): + + def __init__(self, *args, **kwds): + if len(args) > 1: + raise TypeError('expected at most 1 arguments') + if not hasattr(self, '_keys'): + self._keys = [] + self.update(*args, **kwds) + + def clear(self): + del self._keys[:] + dict.clear(self) + + def __setitem__(self, key, value): + if key not in self: + self._keys.append(key) + dict.__setitem__(self, key, value) + + def __delitem__(self, key): + dict.__delitem__(self, key) + self._keys.remove(key) + + def __iter__(self): + return iter(self._keys) + + def __reversed__(self): + return reversed(self._keys) + + def popitem(self): + if not self: + raise KeyError('dictionary is empty') + key = self._keys.pop() + value = dict.pop(self, key) + return key, value + + def __reduce__(self): + items = [[k, self[k]] for k in self] + inst_dict = vars(self).copy() + inst_dict.pop('_keys', None) + return (self.__class__, (items,), inst_dict) + + setdefault = MutableMapping.setdefault + update = MutableMapping.update + pop = MutableMapping.pop + keys = MutableMapping.keys + values = MutableMapping.values + items = MutableMapping.items + + def __repr__(self): + if not self: + return '%s()' % (self.__class__.__name__,) + return '%s(%r)' % (self.__class__.__name__, list(self.items())) + + def copy(self): + return self.__class__(self) + + @classmethod + def fromkeys(cls, iterable, value=None): + d = cls() + for key in iterable: + d[key] = value + return d + + def __eq__(self, other): + if isinstance(other, OrderedDict): + return all(p==q for p, q in itertools.zip_longest(self.items(), other.items())) + return dict.__eq__(self, other)© 2001–9 Mark Pilgrim + + diff --git a/strings.html b/strings.html index bab41e6..6c158da 100644 --- a/strings.html +++ b/strings.html @@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ body{counter-reset:h1 3}
You are here: Home ‣ Dive Into Python 3 ‣ +
Difficulty level: ♦♦♦♢♢
Strings
❝ I’m telling you this ’cause you’re one of my friends.
diff --git a/unit-testing.html b/unit-testing.html index 4bdad52..3c5ea35 100644 --- a/unit-testing.html +++ b/unit-testing.html @@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ body{counter-reset:h1 8}You are here: Home ‣ Dive Into Python 3 ‣ +
Difficulty level: ♦♦♦♢♢
Unit Testing
❝ Certitude is not the test of certainty. We have been cocksure of many things that were not so. ❞
— Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. diff --git a/your-first-python-program.html b/your-first-python-program.html index e85d831..eaf7dba 100644 --- a/your-first-python-program.html +++ b/your-first-python-program.html @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ th{text-align:left}You are here: Home ‣ Dive Into Python 3 ‣ +
Difficulty level: ♦♢♢♢♢
Your First Python Program
❝ Don’t bury your burden in saintly silence. You have a problem? Great. Rejoice, dive in, and investigate. ❞
— Ven. Henepola Gunaratana