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colorize interactive shell examples
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Mark Pilgrim
@@ -110,17 +110,17 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
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<p>You can also pass values into a function by name.
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<pre class=screen>
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<samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd>from humansize import approximate_size</kbd>
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<a><samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd>approximate_size(4000, a_kilobyte_is_1024_bytes=False)</kbd> <span class=u>①</span></a>
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<samp>'4.0 KB'</samp>
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<a><samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd>approximate_size(size=4000, a_kilobyte_is_1024_bytes=False)</kbd> <span class=u>②</span></a>
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<samp>'4.0 KB'</samp>
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<a><samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd>approximate_size(a_kilobyte_is_1024_bytes=False, size=4000)</kbd> <span class=u>③</span></a>
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<samp>'4.0 KB'</samp>
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<a><samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd>approximate_size(a_kilobyte_is_1024_bytes=False, 4000)</kbd> <span class=u>④</span></a>
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<samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd class=pp>from humansize import approximate_size</kbd>
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<a><samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd class=pp>approximate_size(4000, a_kilobyte_is_1024_bytes=False)</kbd> <span class=u>①</span></a>
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<samp class=pp>'4.0 KB'</samp>
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<a><samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd class=pp>approximate_size(size=4000, a_kilobyte_is_1024_bytes=False)</kbd> <span class=u>②</span></a>
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<samp class=pp>'4.0 KB'</samp>
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<a><samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd class=pp>approximate_size(a_kilobyte_is_1024_bytes=False, size=4000)</kbd> <span class=u>③</span></a>
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<samp class=pp>'4.0 KB'</samp>
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<a><samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd class=pp>approximate_size(a_kilobyte_is_1024_bytes=False, 4000)</kbd> <span class=u>④</span></a>
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<samp class=traceback> File "<stdin>", line 1
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SyntaxError: non-keyword arg after keyword arg</samp>
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<a><samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd>approximate_size(size=4000, False)</kbd> <span class=u>⑤</span></a>
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<a><samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd class=pp>approximate_size(size=4000, False)</kbd> <span class=u>⑤</span></a>
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<samp class=traceback> File "<stdin>", line 1
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SyntaxError: non-keyword arg after keyword arg</samp></pre>
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<ol>
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@@ -163,10 +163,10 @@ SyntaxError: non-keyword arg after keyword arg</samp></pre>
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<p>In case you missed it, I just said that Python functions have attributes, and that those attributes are available at runtime. A function, like everything else in Python, is an object.
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<p>Run the interactive Python shell and follow along:
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<pre class=screen>
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<a><samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd>import humansize</kbd> <span class=u>①</span></a>
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<a><samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd>print(humansize.approximate_size(4096, True))</kbd> <span class=u>②</span></a>
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<samp>4.0 KiB</samp>
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<a><samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd>print(humansize.approximate_size.__doc__)</kbd> <span class=u>③</span></a>
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<a><samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd class=pp>import humansize</kbd> <span class=u>①</span></a>
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<a><samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd class=pp>print(humansize.approximate_size(4096, True))</kbd> <span class=u>②</span></a>
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<samp class=pp>4.0 KiB</samp>
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<a><samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd class=pp>print(humansize.approximate_size.__doc__)</kbd> <span class=u>③</span></a>
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<samp>Convert a file size to human-readable form.
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Keyword arguments:
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@@ -188,20 +188,20 @@ SyntaxError: non-keyword arg after keyword arg</samp></pre>
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<h3 id=importsearchpath>The <code>import</code> Search Path</h3>
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<p>Before this goes any further, I want to briefly mention the library search path. Python looks in several places when you try to import a module. Specifically, it looks in all the directories defined in <code>sys.path</code>. This is just a list, and you can easily view it or modify it with standard list methods. (You’ll learn more about lists in <a href=native-datatypes.html#lists>Native Datatypes</a>.)
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<pre class=screen>
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<a><samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd>import sys</kbd> <span class=u>①</span></a>
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<a><samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd>sys.path</kbd> <span class=u>②</span></a>
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<samp>['',
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<a><samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd class=pp>import sys</kbd> <span class=u>①</span></a>
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<a><samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd class=pp>sys.path</kbd> <span class=u>②</span></a>
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<samp class=pp>['',
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'/usr/lib/python30.zip',
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'/usr/lib/python3.0',
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'/usr/lib/python3.0/plat-linux2@EXTRAMACHDEPPATH@',
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'/usr/lib/python3.0/lib-dynload',
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'/usr/lib/python3.0/dist-packages',
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'/usr/local/lib/python3.0/dist-packages']</samp>
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<a><samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd>sys</kbd> <span class=u>③</span></a>
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<samp><module 'sys' (built-in)></samp>
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<a><samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd>sys.path.insert(0, '/home/mark/py')</kbd> <span class=u>④</span></a>
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<a><samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd>sys.path</kbd> <span class=u>⑤</span></a>
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<samp>['/home/mark/py',
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<a><samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd class=pp>sys</kbd> <span class=u>③</span></a>
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<samp class=pp><module 'sys' (built-in)></samp>
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<a><samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd class=pp>sys.path.insert(0, '/home/mark/py')</kbd> <span class=u>④</span></a>
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<a><samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd class=pp>sys.path</kbd> <span class=u>⑤</span></a>
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<samp class=pp>['/home/mark/py',
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'',
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'/usr/lib/python30.zip',
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'/usr/lib/python3.0',
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@@ -261,9 +261,9 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
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</blockquote>
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<p>So what makes this <code>if</code> statement special? Well, modules are objects, and all modules have a built-in attribute <code>__name__</code>. A module’s <code>__name__</code> depends on how you’re using the module. If you <code>import</code> the module, then <code>__name__</code> is the module’s filename, without a directory path or file extension.
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<pre class=screen>
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<samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd>import humansize</kbd>
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<samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd>humansize.__name__</kbd>
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<samp>'humansize'</samp></pre>
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<samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd class=pp>import humansize</kbd>
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<samp class=p>>>> </samp><kbd class=pp>humansize.__name__</kbd>
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<samp class=pp>'humansize'</samp></pre>
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<p>But you can also run the module directly as a standalone program, in which case <code>__name__</code> will be a special default value, <code>__main__</code>. Python will evaluate this <code>if</code> statement, find a true expression, and execute the <code>if</code> code block. In this case, to print two values.
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<pre class=screen>
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<samp class=p>c:\home\diveintopython3> </samp><kbd>c:\python30\python.exe humansize.py</kbd>
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