wrote advanced-unit-testing chapter, decided to merge it into unit-testing. renumbered chapters and fixed up TOC and navigation

files.html

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@@ -259,6 +259,8 @@ ValueError: I/O operation on closed file.</samp>
 9 Alex
 10 Lizzie</samp></pre>
 
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 <h2 id=writing>Writing to Text Files</h2>
 
 <p>You can write to files in much the same way that you read from them. First you open a file and get a file object, then you use methods on the file object to write data to the file, then you close the file.
@@ -296,6 +298,8 @@ ValueError: I/O operation on closed file.</samp>
 
 <p>Did you notice the <code>encoding</code> parameter that got passed in to the <code>open()</code> function while you were <a href=#writing>opening a file for writing</a>? It&#8217;s important; don&#8217;t ever leave it out! As you saw in the beginning of this chapter, files don&#8217;t contain <i>strings</i>, they contain <i>bytes</i>. Reading a &#8220;string&#8221; from a text file only works because you told Python what encoding to use to read a stream of bytes and convert it to a string. Writing text to a file presents the same problem in reverse. You can&#8217;t write characters to a file; <a href=strings.html#byte-arrays>characters are an abstraction</a>. In order to write to the file, Python needs to know how to convert your string into a sequence of bytes. The only way to be sure it&#8217;s performing the correct conversion is to specify the <code>encoding</code> parameter when you open the file for writing.
 
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 <h2 id=binary>Binary Files</h2>
 
 <p class=ss><img src=examples/beauregard.jpg alt='my dog Beauregard' width=100 height=100>
@@ -343,6 +347,8 @@ AttributeError: '_io.BufferedReader' object has no attribute 'encoding'</samp></
 <li>That means that there&#8217;s never <a href=#read>an unexpected mismatch</a> between the number you passed into the <code>read()</code> method and the position index you get out of the <code>tell()</code> method. The <code>read()</code> method reads bytes, and the <code>seek()</code> and <code>tell()</code> methods track the number of bytes read. For binary files, they&#8217;ll always agree.
 </ol>
 
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 <h2 id=file-like-objects>File-like Objects</h2>
 
 <p>One of Python&#8217;s greatest strengths is its dynamic binding, and one powerful use of dynamic binding is the <dfn>file-like object</dfn>.
@@ -403,6 +409,8 @@ AttributeError: '_io.BufferedReader' object has no attribute 'encoding'</samp></
 <samp class=p>you@localhost:~$ </samp><kbd>cat out.log</kbd>
 <samp>A nine mile walk is no joke, especially in the rain.</samp></pre>
 
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 <h2 id=stdio>Standard Input, Output, and Error</h2>
 
 <p>Command-line gurus are already familiar with the concept of standard input, standard output, and standard error. This section is for the rest of you.
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 <p>Redirecting standard error works exactly the same way, using <code>sys.stderr</code> instead of <code>sys.stdout</code>.
 
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 <h2 id=furtherreading>Further Reading</h2>
 
 <ul>
@@ -512,7 +522,7 @@ C</samp>
 <li><a href=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem_in_Userspace><abbr>FUSE</abbr> on Wikipedia</a>
 </ul>
 
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 <p class=c>&copy; 2001&ndash;9 <a href=about.html>Mark Pilgrim</a>
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