Porting code to Python 3 with 2to3

`print` statement

FIXME intro

Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`print`	`print()`
②	`print 1`	`print(1)`
③	`print 1, 2`	`print(1, 2)`
④	`print 1, 2,`	`print(1, 2, end=' ')`
⑤	`print >>sys.stderr, 1, 2, 3`	`print(1, 2, 3, file=sys.stderr)`

<> comparison

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`if x <> y:`	`if x != y:`
②	`if x <> y <> z:`	`if x != y != z:`

`has_key()` dictionary method

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`aDictionary.has_key("PapayaWhip")`	`"PapayaWhip" in aDictionary`
②	`aDictionary.has_key(x) or aDictionary.has_key(y)`	`x in aDictionary or y in aDictionary`
③	`aDictionary.has_key(x + y)`	`(x + y) in aDictionary`
④	`x + aDictionary.has_key(y)`	`x + (y in aDictionary)`
⑤	`aDictionary.has_key(x or y)`	`(x or y) in aDictionary`

Dictionary methods

FIXME intro

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`aDictionary.keys()`	`list(aDictionary.keys())`
②	`aDictionary.items()`	`list(aDictionary.items())`
③	`aDictionary.iterkeys()`	`iter(aDictionary.keys())`
④	`[i for i in aDictionary.iterkeys()]`	`[i for i in aDictionary.keys()]`
⑤	`min(aDictionary.keys())`	no change

`filter()` global function

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`filter(aFunction, aList)`	`list(filter(aFunction, aList))`
②	`list(filter(aFunction, aList))`	no change
③	`filter(None, aList)`	`[i for i in aList if i]`
④	`for i in filter(None, aList)`	no change
⑤	`[i for i in filter(aFunction, aList)]`	no change

`map()` global function

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`map(aFunction, 'PapayaWhip')`	`list(map(aFunction, 'PapayaWhip'))`
②	`map(None, 'PapayaWhip')`	`list('PapayaWhip')`
③	`map(lambda x: x+1, range(42))`	`[x+1 for x in range(42)]`
④	`for i in map(aFunction, aList):`	unchanged
⑤	`[i for i in map(aFunction, aList)]`	unchanged

`apply()` global function

FIXME intro

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`apply(aFunction, args)`	`aFunction(*args)`
②	`apply(aFunction, args, kwds)`	`aFunction(args, *kwds)`
③	`apply(aFunction, args + z)`	`aFunction(*args + z)`
④	`apply(aModule.aFunction, args)`	`aModule.aFunction(*args)`

`intern()` global function

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`intern(aString)`	`sys.intern(aString)`

`exec` statement

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`exec codeString`	`exec(codeString)`
②	`exec codeString in aGlobalNamespace`	`exec(codeString, aGlobalNamespace)`
③	`exec codeString in aGlobalNamespace, aLocalNamespace`	`exec(codeString, aGlobalNamespace, aLocalNamespace)`

`repr` literals (backticks)

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`x`	`repr(x)`
②	`1 + 2`	`repr(1 + 2)`
③	`"PapayaWhip" + `2``	`repr("PapayaWhip" + repr(2))`

`try...except` statement

FIXME intro

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`try: import mymodule except ImportError, e pass`	`try: import mymodule except ImportError as e: pass`
②	`try: import mymodule except (RuntimeError, ImportError), e pass`	`try: import mymodule except (RuntimeError, ImportError) as e: pass`
③	`try: import mymodule except ImportError: pass`	unchanged
④	`try: import mymodule except: pass`	unchanged

`raise` statement

FIXME intro

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`raise MyException, "error message"`	`raise MyException("error message")`
②	`raise MyException, "error message", aTraceback`	`raise MyException("error message").with_traceback(aTraceback)`
③	`raise "error message"`	unsupported

`throw` statement

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`aGenerator.throw(MyException)`	unchanged
②	`aGenerator.throw(MyException, "error message")`	`aGenerator.throw(MyException("error message"))`
③	`aGenerator.throw("error message")`	unsupported

`long` data type

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`x = 1000000000000L`	`x = 1000000000000`
②	`x = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFL`	`x = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF`
③	`long(x)`	`int(x)`
④	`type(x) is long`	`type(x) is int`
⑤	`isinstance(x, long)`	`isinstance(x, int)`

`xrange()` global function

FIXME intro

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`xrange(10)`	`range(10)`
②	`aList = range(10)`	`aList = list(range(10))`
③	`[i for i in xrange(10)]`	`[i for i in range(10)]`
④	`for i in range(10):`	unchanged
⑤	`sum(range(10))`	unchanged

`raw_input()` and `input()` global functions

FIXME intro

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`raw_input()`	`input()`
②	`raw_input("prompt")`	`input("prompt")`
③	`input()`	`eval(input())`
④	`input("prompt")`	`eval(input("prompt"))`

`func_*` function attributes

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`aFunction.func_closure`	`aFunction.__closure__`
②	`aFunction.func_doc`	`aFunction.__doc__`
③	`aFunction.func_name`	`aFunction.__name__`
④	`aFunction.func_defaults`	`aFunction.__defaults__`
⑤	`aFunction.func_code`	`aFunction.__code__`
⑥	`aFunction.func_globals`	`aFunction.__globals__`
⑦	`aFunction.func_dict`	`aFunction.__dict__`

`xreadlines()` I/O method

FIXME intro

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`for line in aFile.xreadlines():`	`for line in aFile:`
②	`for line in aFile.xreadlines(5):`	unchanged

imports

FIXME intro

this includes fixer_imports, fixer_imports2, fixer_urllib

Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`FIXME`	`FIXME`

`lambda` functions with multiple parameters

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`FIXME`	`FIXME`

`class` special class attribute

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`FIXME`	`FIXME`

`next()` iterator method

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`FIXME`	`FIXME`

`nonzero` special class attribute

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`FIXME`	`FIXME`

`sys.maxint`

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`FIXME`	`FIXME`

`unicode()` global function

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`FIXME`	`FIXME`

`callable()` global function

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`FIXME`	`FIXME`

`zip()` global function

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`FIXME`	`FIXME`

`StandardError()` exception

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`FIXME`	`FIXME`

`types` module constants

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`FIXME`	`FIXME`

`basestring` datatype

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`FIXME`	`FIXME`

`itertools` module

FIXME intro

this includes fixer_itertools, fixer_itertools_imports

Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`FIXME`	`FIXME`

`sys.exc_type`, `sys.exc_value`, `sys.exc_traceback`

FIXME intro

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`FIXME`	`FIXME`

List comprehensions over tuples

FIXME intro

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`FIXME`	`FIXME`

`os.getcwdu()` function

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`FIXME`	`FIXME`

`set()` literals

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`FIXME`	`FIXME`

`buffer()` global function

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Notes	Python 2	Python 3
①	`FIXME`	`FIXME`

Porting code to Python 3 with 2to3

Diving in

print statement

<> comparison

has_key() dictionary method

Dictionary methods

filter() global function

map() global function

apply() global function

intern() global function

exec statement

repr literals (backticks)

try...except statement

raise statement

throw statement

long data type

xrange() global function

raw_input() and input() global functions

func_* function attributes

xreadlines() I/O method

imports

lambda functions with multiple parameters

__class__ special class attribute

next() iterator method

__nonzero__ special class attribute

Number literals

sys.maxint

unicode() global function

Unicode string literals

callable() global function

zip() global function

StandardError() exception

types module constants

basestring datatype

itertools module

Relative imports

sys.exc_type, sys.exc_value, sys.exc_traceback

List comprehensions over tuples

os.getcwdu() function

Metaclasses

set() literals

buffer() global function

Whitespace around commas

Common idioms

Porting code to Python 3 with `2to3`

`print` statement

`has_key()` dictionary method

`filter()` global function

`map()` global function

`apply()` global function

`intern()` global function

`exec` statement

`repr` literals (backticks)

`try...except` statement

`raise` statement

`throw` statement

`long` data type

`xrange()` global function

`raw_input()` and `input()` global functions

`func_*` function attributes

`xreadlines()` I/O method

`lambda` functions with multiple parameters

`class` special class attribute

`next()` iterator method

`nonzero` special class attribute

`sys.maxint`

`unicode()` global function

`callable()` global function

`zip()` global function

`StandardError()` exception

`types` module constants

`basestring` datatype

`itertools` module

`sys.exc_type`, `sys.exc_value`, `sys.exc_traceback`

`os.getcwdu()` function

`set()` literals

`buffer()` global function