Merge pull request #759 from heroku/update-travis

Update travis setup for Hatchet
add sudo to travis install
2026-06-05 23:10:16 +00:00 · 2018-10-04 19:28:04 -05:00 · 2018-10-04 17:33:40 -05:00 · 2018-10-04 17:33:28 -05:00 · 2018-10-04 17:33:16 -05:00 · 2018-10-04 17:33:08 -05:00
112 changed files with 24136 additions and 20082 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
 * @heroku/languages
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
 <!-- Hi and welcome to the Heroku Python buildpack repository!
 If you meant to open a PR against a fork instead of upstream, please adjust the base branch:
 https://help.github.com/articles/changing-the-base-branch-of-a-pull-request/
 Otherwise thank you in advance for your Pull Request - just remember to
 include as much information as possible to help the reviewers :-)
 -->
@@ -3,3 +3,7 @@ site
 .DS_Store
 /.envrc
 repos/*
 #Venv
 buildpack/*
@@ -1,23 +1,39 @@
-language: bash
+language: ruby
 dist: trusty
 sudo: required
 rvm:
 - 2.4.4
 before_script:
  - gem install bundler -v 1.16.2
  - bundle exec rake hatchet:setup_travis
 before_install:
  - sudo bash etc/ci-setup.sh
 jobs:
  include:
-    - stage: "Bash linting (shellcheck)"
+  - stage: Bash linting (shellcheck)
-      sudo: false
+    sudo: false
-      addons:
+    before_install:
-        apt:
+    - wget -c https://goo.gl/ZzKHFv -O - | tar -xvJ -C /tmp/
-          sources:
+    - PATH="/tmp/shellcheck-latest:$PATH"
-          - debian-sid    # Grab shellcheck from the Debian repo (o_O)
+    script: make check
-          packages:
+  - stage: Stack Unit Tests
-          - shellcheck
+    services: docker
-      script: make check
+    env: STACK=heroku-18
-
+    script: "./tests.sh"
-    - stage: "Stack Tests"
+  - stage: Stack Unit Tests
-      services: docker
+    services: docker
-      env: STACK=heroku-16
+    env: STACK=heroku-16
-      script: ./tests.sh
+    script: "./tests.sh"
-
+  - stage: Stack Unit Tests
-    - stage: "Stack Tests"
+    services: docker
-      services: docker
+    env: STACK=cedar-14
-      env: STACK=cedar-14
+    script: "./tests.sh"
-      script: ./tests.sh
+  - stage: Hatchet Integration
    script: "bundle exec rspec"
 env:
  global:
  - HATCHET_RETRIES=3
  - IS_RUNNING_ON_CI=true
  - HATCHET_APP_LIMIT=5
  - secure: yjtlPE5FbVxTKnjUy/tZUBgSEf4qADD3QOxtgziuid73S0U/1IEXlMGFULsQzIjtlHKmHeywZqpVVEpthIH4RuT7uoX1Pb7SSM/g0T8fT3VoEFbFK1uYl0oZQbUS4Klxv9tPiumj8if3m6ULEGIz1X0wZcMOC0tMLwVCnwmap0E=
  - secure: ZeFTHWwnpIKE9nAqs88ocmiQh7bKce84lilGm5J23nf3N6V4wNyLwqlkvsM008WGBCaOg9AUx7ZunasT0ANsR5gLP3eV2UUg7ILdRgV2Gy13eNRFheC4PHdN92RqQ3aKoqlIv2K999xlhVjod0NzhkQQXB6PddfQINbuU7ks6As=
@@ -1,5 +1,105 @@
 # Python Buildpack Changelog
 # 139
 Improvements to Python install messaging
 # 138 (2018-08-01)
 Use stack image SQLite3 instead of vendoring
 # 137 (2018-07-17)
 Prevent 3.7.0 from appearing as unsupported in buildpack messaging.
 # 136 (2018-06-28)
 Upgrade to 3.6.6 and support 3.7.0 on all runtimes.
 # 135 (2018-05-29)
 Upgrade Pipenv to v2018.5.18.
 # 134 (2018-05-02)
 Default to 3.6.5, bugfixes.
 # 133
 Fixes for Pip 10 release.
 # 132
 Improve pip installation, with the release of v9.0.2.
 # 131
 Fix bug with pip.
 # 130
 Better upgrade strategy for pip.
 # 129
 Don't upgrade pip (from v128).
 # 128
 Upgrade pip, pin to Pipenv v11.8.2.
 # 127
 Pin to Pipenv v11.7.1.
 # 126
 Bugfixes.
 # 125
 Bugfixes.
 # 124
 Update buildpack to automatically install `[dev-packages]` during Heroku CI Pipenv builds.
 - Skip installs if Pipfile.lock hasn't changed, and uninstall stale dependencies with Pipenv.
 - Set `PYTHONPATH` during collectstatic runs.
 - No longer warn if there is no `Procfile`.
 - Update Pipenv's "3.6" runtime specifier to point to "3.6.4".
 # 123
 Update gunicorn `init.d` script to allow overrides.
 # 122
 Update default Python to v3.6.4.
 # 121
 Update default Python to v3.6.3.
 # 120
 Use `$ pipenv --deploy`.
 # 119
 Improvements to Pipenv support, warning on unsupported Python versions.
 - We now warn when a user is not using latest 2.x or 3.x Python.
 - Heroku now supports `[requires]` `python_full_version` in addition to `python_version`.
 # 118
 Improvements to Pipenv support.
 # 117
 Bug fix.
 # 116
 Vendoring improvements.
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
 FROM heroku/heroku:18-build
 WORKDIR /app
 ENV WORKSPACE_DIR="/app/builds" \
    S3_BUCKET="lang-python" \
    S3_PREFIX="heroku-18/"
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y python-pip && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 COPY requirements.txt /app/
 RUN pip install --disable-pip-version-check --no-cache-dir -r /app/requirements.txt
 COPY . /app
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
 source "https://rubygems.org"
 gem "rspec"
 gem "heroku_hatchet"
 gem "rspec-retry"
 gem "rake"
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
 GEM
  remote: https://rubygems.org/
  specs:
    activesupport (5.2.1)
      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.2)
      i18n (>= 0.7, < 2)
      minitest (~> 5.1)
      tzinfo (~> 1.1)
    concurrent-ruby (1.0.5)
    diff-lcs (1.3)
    erubis (2.7.0)
    excon (0.62.0)
    heroics (0.0.24)
      erubis (~> 2.0)
      excon
      moneta
      multi_json (>= 1.9.2)
    heroku_hatchet (4.0.2)
      excon (~> 0)
      minitest-retry (~> 0.1.9)
      platform-api (~> 2)
      repl_runner (~> 0.0.3)
      rrrretry (~> 1)
      thor (~> 0)
      threaded (~> 0)
    i18n (1.1.0)
      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
    minitest (5.11.3)
    minitest-retry (0.1.9)
      minitest (>= 5.0)
    moneta (0.8.1)
    multi_json (1.13.1)
    platform-api (2.1.0)
      heroics (~> 0.0.23)
      moneta (~> 0.8.1)
    rake (12.3.1)
    repl_runner (0.0.3)
      activesupport
    rrrretry (1.0.0)
    rspec (3.8.0)
      rspec-core (~> 3.8.0)
      rspec-expectations (~> 3.8.0)
      rspec-mocks (~> 3.8.0)
    rspec-core (3.8.0)
      rspec-support (~> 3.8.0)
    rspec-expectations (3.8.1)
      diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
      rspec-support (~> 3.8.0)
    rspec-mocks (3.8.0)
      diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
      rspec-support (~> 3.8.0)
    rspec-retry (0.6.1)
      rspec-core (> 3.3)
    rspec-support (3.8.0)
    thor (0.20.0)
    thread_safe (0.3.6)
    threaded (0.0.4)
    tzinfo (1.2.5)
      thread_safe (~> 0.1)
 PLATFORMS
  ruby
 DEPENDENCIES
  heroku_hatchet
  rake
  rspec
  rspec-retry
 BUNDLED WITH
   1.16.3
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ test: test-heroku-16
 check:
 	@shellcheck -x bin/compile bin/detect bin/release bin/test-compile bin/utils bin/warnings
-	@shellcheck -x bin/steps/collectstatic bin/steps/cryptography bin/steps/eggpath-fix  bin/steps/eggpath-fix2 bin/steps/gdal bin/steps/geo-libs bin/steps/mercurial bin/steps/nltk bin/steps/pip-install bin/steps/pip-uninstall bin/steps/pipenv bin/steps/pipenv-python-version bin/steps/pylibmc bin/steps/python
+	@shellcheck -x bin/steps/collectstatic bin/steps/eggpath-fix  bin/steps/eggpath-fix2 bin/steps/gdal bin/steps/geo-libs bin/steps/mercurial bin/steps/nltk bin/steps/pip-install bin/steps/pip-uninstall bin/steps/pipenv bin/steps/pipenv-python-version bin/steps/pylibmc bin/steps/python
 	@shellcheck -x bin/steps/hooks/*
 test-cedar-14:
@@ -18,6 +18,11 @@ test-heroku-16:
 	@docker run -v $(shell pwd):/buildpack:ro --rm -it -e "STACK=heroku-16" heroku/heroku:16-build bash -c 'cp -r /buildpack /buildpack_test; cd /buildpack_test/; test/run;'
 	@echo ""
 test-heroku-18:
 	@echo "Running tests in docker (heroku-18)..."
 	@docker run -v $(shell pwd):/buildpack:ro --rm -it -e "STACK=heroku-18" heroku/heroku:18-build bash -c 'cp -r /buildpack /buildpack_test; cd /buildpack_test/; test/run;'
 	@echo ""
 buildenv-heroku-16:
 	@echo "Creating build environment (heroku-16)..."
 	@echo
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
 [[source]]
 url = "https://pypi.python.org/simple"
 verify_ssl = true
 name = "pypi"
 [dev-packages]
 [packages]
 "bob-builder" = "==0.0.13"
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
 {
    "_meta": {
        "hash": {
            "sha256": "36d17c46a8b1b844b3cae475f6f42d6c0a9e59b2a9685cbcdc0985656a7a129f"
        },
        "host-environment-markers": {
            "implementation_name": "cpython",
            "implementation_version": "3.6.3",
            "os_name": "posix",
            "platform_machine": "x86_64",
            "platform_python_implementation": "CPython",
            "platform_release": "16.7.0",
            "platform_system": "Darwin",
            "platform_version": "Darwin Kernel Version 16.7.0: Thu Jun 15 17:36:27 PDT 2017; root:xnu-3789.70.16~2/RELEASE_X86_64",
            "python_full_version": "3.6.3",
            "python_version": "3.6",
            "sys_platform": "darwin"
        },
        "pipfile-spec": 6,
        "requires": {},
        "sources": [
            {
                "name": "pypi",
                "url": "https://pypi.python.org/simple",
                "verify_ssl": true
            }
        ]
    },
    "default": {
        "bob-builder": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:b4de49a8e436fcaf82236ea43f78413b4a4c92100726e382ab57b6bdfb38fe64",
                "sha256:288e3e765c4890fe9a63ae52ac6b4a963c13fe508482c70ff701a5ae21b9a673"
            ],
            "version": "==0.0.13"
        },
        "boto": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:13be844158d1bd80a94c972c806ec8381b9ea72035aa06123c5db6bc6a6f3ead",
                "sha256:deb8925b734b109679e3de65856018996338758f4b916ff4fe7bb62b6d7000d1"
            ],
            "version": "==2.48.0"
        },
        "docopt": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:49b3a825280bd66b3aa83585ef59c4a8c82f2c8a522dbe754a8bc8d08c85c491"
            ],
            "version": "==0.6.2"
        }
    },
    "develop": {}
 }
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@
 [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/heroku/heroku-buildpack-python.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/heroku/heroku-buildpack-python)
-This is the official [Heroku buildpack](https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/buildpacks) for Python apps, powered by [Pipenv](http://docs.pipenv.org/en/latest/), [pip](https://pip.pypa.io/) and other excellent software.
+This is the official [Heroku buildpack](https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/buildpacks) for Python apps, powered by [Pipenv](http://docs.pipenv.org/), [pip](https://pip.pypa.io/) and other excellent software.
 Recommended web frameworks include **Django** and **Flask**. The recommended webserver is **Gunicorn**. There are no restrictions around what software can be used (as long as it's pip-installable). Web processes must bind to `$PORT`, and only the HTTP protocol is permitted for incoming connections.
-Some Python packages with obscure C dependencies are [not compatible](https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/python-c-deps).
+Python packages with C dependencies that are not [available on the stack image](https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/stack-packages) are generally not supported, unless `manylinux` wheels are provided by the package maintainers (common). For recommended solutions, check out [this article](https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/python-c-deps) for more information. 
 See it in Action
 ----------------
@@ -16,18 +16,18 @@ See it in Action
 Deploying a Python application couldn't be easier:
    $ ls
-    Pipfile		Procfile	web.py
+    Pipfile		Pipfile.lock	Procfile	web.py
    $ heroku create --buildpack heroku/python
    $ git push heroku master
-    ...
+    …
    -----> Python app detected
-    -----> Installing python-3.6.2
+    -----> Installing python-3.6.6
    -----> Installing pip
-    -----> Installing requirements with latest pipenv...
+    -----> Installing requirements with Pipenv 2018.5.18…
           ...
-           Installing dependencies from Pipfile...
+           Installing dependencies from Pipfile…
    -----> Discovering process types
           Procfile declares types -> (none)
@@ -41,14 +41,23 @@ You can also specify the latest production release of this buildpack for upcomin
 Specify a Python Runtime
 ------------------------
-Specific versions of the Python runtime can be specified with a `runtime.txt` file:
+Specific versions of the Python runtime can be specified in your `Pipfile`:
    [requires]
    python_version = "2.7"
 Or, more specifically:
    [requires]
    python_full_version = "2.7.15"
 Or, with a `runtime.txt` file:
    $ cat runtime.txt
-    python-2.7.13
+    python-2.7.15
 Runtime options include:
- `python-3.6.2`
+- `python-3.7.0`
- `python-2.7.13`
+- `python-3.6.6`
- `pypy-5.7.1` (unsupported, experimental)
+- `python-2.7.15`
 - `pypy3-5.5.1` (unsupported, experimental)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
 require 'hatchet/tasks'
@@ -15,61 +15,97 @@
 # Fail fast and fail hard.
 set -eo pipefail
-# Standard Library.
+# Boostrap the Buildpack Standard Library.
 export BPLOG_PREFIX="buildpack.python"
 export BUILDPACK_LOG_FILE=${BUILDPACK_LOG_FILE:-/dev/null}
 [ "$BUILDPACK_XTRACE" ] && set -o xtrace
-# Prepend proper path for virtualenv hackery. This will be deprecated soon.
+# Prepend proper path for old-school virtualenv hackery.
 # This may not be neccessary.
 export PATH=:/usr/local/bin:$PATH
-# Paths.
+# Setup Path variables, for later use in the Buildpack.
 BIN_DIR=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"; pwd) # absolute path
 ROOT_DIR=$(dirname "$BIN_DIR")
 BUILD_DIR=$1
 CACHE_DIR=$2
 ENV_DIR=$3
 # Export Path variables, for use in sub-scripts.
 export BUILD_DIR CACHE_DIR ENV_DIR
-# Python defaults
+# Set the Buildpack's internet target for downloading Python distributions.
-DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION="python-3.6.2"
+# The user can provide BUILDPACK_VENDOR_URL to specify a custom target.
 # Note: this is designed for non-Heroku use, as it does not use the user-provided
 # environment variable mechanism (the ENV_DIR).
 VENDOR_URL="https://lang-python.s3.amazonaws.com/$STACK"
 if [[ -n ${BUILDPACK_VENDOR_URL:-} ]]; then
    VENDOR_URL="$BUILDPACK_VENDOR_URL"
 fi
 export VENDOR_URL
 # Which versions of Python are we using?
 # These variables are used to specify which versions of Python to install by default,
 # as well as prompt the user to upgrade if they are using an un–supported version.
 # Note: When 3.7 lands, I recommend switching to LATEST_36 and LATEST_37.
 DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION="python-3.6.6"
 LATEST_36="python-3.6.6"
 LATEST_37="python-3.7.0"
 LATEST_2="python-2.7.15"
 # Which stack is used (for binary downloading), if none is provided (e.g. outside of Heroku)?
 DEFAULT_PYTHON_STACK="cedar-14"
-PIP_UPDATE="9.0.1"
+# If pip doesn't match this version (the version we install), run the installer.
 PIP_UPDATE="9.0.2"
-export DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION DEFAULT_PYTHON_STACK PIP_UPDATE
+export DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION DEFAULT_PYTHON_STACK PIP_UPDATE LATEST_2 LATEST_36 LATEST_37
-# Common Problem Warnings
+# Common Problem Warnings:
 # This section creates a temporary file in which to stick the output of `pip install`.
 # The `warnings` subscript then greps through this for common problems and guides
 # the user towards resolution of known issues.
 WARNINGS_LOG=$(mktemp)
 export WARNINGS_LOG
 export RECOMMENDED_PYTHON_VERSION=$DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION
-# Setup vendored tools and pip-pop (pip-diff)
+# The buildpack ships with a few executable tools (e.g. pip-grep, etc).
 # This installs them into the path, so we can execute them directly.
 export PATH=$PATH:$ROOT_DIR/vendor/:$ROOT_DIR/vendor/pip-pop
-# Support Anvil Build_IDs
+# Set environment variables if they weren't set by the platform.
 # Note: this is legacy, for a deprecated build system known as Anvil.
 # This can likely be removed, with caution.
 [ ! "$SLUG_ID" ] && SLUG_ID="defaultslug"
 [ ! "$REQUEST_ID" ] && REQUEST_ID=$SLUG_ID
 [ ! "$STACK" ] && STACK=$DEFAULT_PYTHON_STACK
-# Sanitizing environment variables.
+# Sanitize externally-provided environment variables:
 # The following environment variables are either problematic or simply unneccessary
 # for the buildpack to have knowledge of, so we unset them, to keep the environment
 # as clean and pristine as possible.
 unset GIT_DIR PYTHONHOME PYTHONPATH
 unset RECEIVE_DATA RUN_KEY BUILD_INFO DEPLOY LOG_TOKEN
 unset CYTOKINE_LOG_FILE GEM_PATH
-# Syntax sugar.
+# Import the utils script, which contains helper functions used throughout the buildpack.
 # shellcheck source=bin/utils
 source "$BIN_DIR/utils"
-# Import collection of warnings.
+# Import the warnings script, which contains the `pip install` user warning mechanisms
 # (mentioned and explained above)
 # shellcheck source=bin/warnings
 source "$BIN_DIR/warnings"
-# we need to put a bunch of symlinks in there later
+# Make the directory in which we will create symlinks from the temporary build directory
 # to `/app`.
 # Symlinks are required, since Python is not a portable installation.
 # More on this topic later.
 mkdir -p /app/.heroku
-# Set up outputs under new context
+# This buildpack programatically generates (or simply copies) a number of files for
 # buildpack machinery: an export script, and a number of `.profile.d` scripts. This
 # section declares the locations of those files and targets.
 PROFILE_PATH="$BUILD_DIR/.profile.d/python.sh"
 EXPORT_PATH="$BIN_DIR/../export"
 GUNICORN_PROFILE_PATH="$BUILD_DIR/.profile.d/python.gunicorn.sh"
@@ -78,49 +114,77 @@ WEB_CONCURRENCY_PROFILE_PATH="$BUILD_DIR/.profile.d/WEB_CONCURRENCY.sh"
 # We'll need to send these statics to other scripts we `source`.
 export BUILD_DIR CACHE_DIR BIN_DIR PROFILE_PATH EXPORT_PATH
-# Prepend proper environment variables for Python use.
+# Python Environment Variables
 # Set Python-specific environment variables, for running Python within the buildpack.
 # Notes on each variable included.
 # PATH is relatively obvious, we need to be able to execute 'python'.
 export PATH=/app/.heroku/python/bin:/app/.heroku/vendor/bin:$PATH
 # Tell Python to not buffer it's stdin/stdout.
 export PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
 # Set the locale to a well-known and expected standard.
 export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
 # `~/.heroku/vendor` is an place where the buildpack may stick pre-build binaries for known
 # C dependencies (e.g. libmemcached on cedar-14). This section configures Python (GCC, more specifically)
 # and pip to automatically include these paths when building binaries.
 export C_INCLUDE_PATH=/app/.heroku/vendor/include:/app/.heroku/python/include:$C_INCLUDE_PATH
 export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/app/.heroku/vendor/include:/app/.heroku/python/include:$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
 export LIBRARY_PATH=/app/.heroku/vendor/lib:/app/.heroku/python/lib:$LIBRARY_PATH
 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/app/.heroku/vendor/lib:/app/.heroku/python/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
 export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/app/.heroku/vendor/lib/pkg-config:/app/.heroku/python/lib/pkg-config:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH
 # The Application Code
 # --------------------
 # Switch to the repo's context.
 cd "$BUILD_DIR"
-# Warn for lack of Procfile.
+# The Cache
-if [[ ! -f Procfile ]]; then
+# ---------
  puts-warn 'Warning: Your application is missing a Procfile. This file tells Heroku how to run your application.'
  puts-warn 'Learn more: https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/procfile'
 fi
-# Prepare the cache.
+# The workflow for the Python Buildpack's cache is as follows:
 #
 # - `~/.heroku/{known-paths}` are copied from the cache into the slug.
 # - The build is executed, modifying `~/.heroku/{known-paths}`.
 # - Once the build is complete, `~/.heroku/{known-paths}` is copied back into the cache.
 # Create the cache directory, if it doesn't exist.
 mkdir -p "$CACHE_DIR"
 # Restore old artifacts from the cache.
 mkdir -p .heroku
 # The Python installation.
 cp -R "$CACHE_DIR/.heroku/python" .heroku/ &> /dev/null || true
 # A plain text file which contains the current stack being used (used for cache busting).
 cp -R "$CACHE_DIR/.heroku/python-stack" .heroku/ &> /dev/null || true
 # A plain text file which contains the current python version being used (used for cache busting).
 cp -R "$CACHE_DIR/.heroku/python-version" .heroku/ &> /dev/null || true
 # A plain text file which contains the current sqlite3 version being used (used for cache busting).
 cp -R "$CACHE_DIR/.heroku/python-sqlite3-version" .heroku/ &> /dev/null || true
 # Any pre-compiled binaries, provided by the buildpack.
 cp -R "$CACHE_DIR/.heroku/vendor" .heroku/ &> /dev/null || true
 # "editable" installations of code repositories, via pip or pipenv.
 if [[ -d "$CACHE_DIR/.heroku/src" ]]; then
  cp -R "$CACHE_DIR/.heroku/src" .heroku/ &> /dev/null || true
 fi
-# Experimental pre_compile hook.
+# The pre_compile hook. Customers rely on this. Don't remove it.
 # This part of the code is used to allow users to customize their build experience
 # without forking the buildpack by providing a `bin/pre_compile` script, which gets
 # run inline with the buildpack automatically.
 # shellcheck source=bin/steps/hooks/pre_compile
 source "$BIN_DIR/steps/hooks/pre_compile"
-# Sticky runtimes.
+# Sticky runtimes. If there was a previous build, and it used a given version of Python,
 # continue to use that version of Python in perpituity (warnings will be raised if
 # they are out–of–date).
 if [ -f "$CACHE_DIR/.heroku/python-version" ]; then
  DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION=$(cat "$CACHE_DIR/.heroku/python-version")
 fi
-# Stack fallback for non-declared caches.
+# We didn't always record the stack version. This code is in place because of that.
 if [ -f "$CACHE_DIR/.heroku/python-stack" ]; then
  CACHED_PYTHON_STACK=$(cat "$CACHE_DIR/.heroku/python-stack")
 else
@@ -130,17 +194,26 @@ fi
 export CACHED_PYTHON_STACK
 # Pipenv Python version support.
 # Detect the version of Python requested from a Pipfile (e.g. python_version or python_full_version).
 # Convert it to a runtime.txt file.
 # shellcheck source=bin/steps/pipenv-python-version
 source "$BIN_DIR/steps/pipenv-python-version"
-# If no runtime given, assume default version.
+# If no runtime was provided by the user, assume the default Python runtime version.
 if [ ! -f runtime.txt ]; then
  echo "$DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION" > runtime.txt
 fi
 # Create the directory for .profile.d, if it doesn't exist.
 mkdir -p "$(dirname "$PROFILE_PATH")"
 # Create the directory for editable source code installation, if it doesn't exist.
 mkdir -p /app/.heroku/src
 # On Heroku CI, builds happen in `/app`. Otherwise, on the Heroku platform,
 # they occur in a temp directory. Beacuse Python is not portable, we must create
 # symlinks to emulate that we are operating in `/app` during the build process.
 # This is (hopefully obviously) because apps end up running from `/app` in production.
 if [[ $BUILD_DIR != '/app' ]]; then
    # python expects to reside in /app, so set up symlinks
    # we will not remove these later so subsequent buildpacks can still invoke it
@@ -149,63 +222,89 @@ if [[ $BUILD_DIR != '/app' ]]; then
    # Note: .heroku/src is copied in later.
 fi
-# Install Python.
+# Download / Install Python, from pre-build binaries available on Amazon S3.
-let start=$(nowms)
+# This step also bootstraps pip / setuptools.
 (( start=$(nowms) ))
 # shellcheck source=bin/steps/python
 source "$BIN_DIR/steps/python"
 mtime "python.install.time" "${start}"
-# Pipenv support.
+# Install Pipenv dependencies, if a Pipfile was provided.
 # shellcheck source=bin/steps/pipenv
 source "$BIN_DIR/steps/pipenv"
 # Uninstall removed dependencies with Pip.
 # The buildpack will automatically remove any declared dependencies (in requirements.txt)
 # that were explicitly removed. This machinery is a bit complex, but it is not complicated.
 (( start=$(nowms) ))
 # shellcheck source=bin/steps/pip-uninstall
 source "$BIN_DIR/steps/pip-uninstall"
 mtime "pip.uninstall.time" "${start}"
 # If no requirements.txt file given, assume `setup.py develop` is intended.
 # This allows for people to ship a setup.py application to Heroku
 # (which is rare, but I vouch that it should work!)
 if [ ! -f requirements.txt ] && [ ! -f Pipfile ]; then
  echo "-e ." > requirements.txt
 fi
 # Fix egg-links.
 # Because we're installing things into a different path than we're running them (temp dir vs app dir),
 # We must re-write all of Python's eggpath links to target the proper directory.
 # shellcheck source=bin/steps/eggpath-fix
 source "$BIN_DIR/steps/eggpath-fix"
 # Mercurial support.
 # If a customer appears to be using mercurial for dependency resolution, we install it first.
 # Note: this only applies to pip, not pipenv. This can likely be removed, over time. Measure it first.
 # shellcheck source=bin/steps/mercurial
 source "$BIN_DIR/steps/mercurial"
 # Pylibmc support.
 # On cedar-14, libmemcached was not available. The buildpack provides its own version, instead.
 # shellcheck source=bin/steps/pylibmc
 source "$BIN_DIR/steps/pylibmc"
-# Libffi support.
+# Support for Geo libraries. This is deprecated functionality, only functional on cedar-14.
-# shellcheck source=bin/steps/cryptography
+# It is undocumented.
 source "$BIN_DIR/steps/cryptography"
 # Support for Geo libraries.
 # shellcheck source=bin/steps/geo-libs
 sub_env "$BIN_DIR/steps/geo-libs"
 # GDAL support.
 # This is part of the Geo support.
 # shellcheck source=bin/steps/gdal
 source "$BIN_DIR/steps/gdal"
-# Uninstall removed dependencies with Pip.
+# SQLite3 support.
-let start=$(nowms)
+# This sets up and installs sqlite3 dev headers and the sqlite3 binary but not the
-# shellcheck source=bin/steps/pip-uninstall
+# libsqlite3-0 library since that exists on the stack image.
-source "$BIN_DIR/steps/pip-uninstall"
+# Note: This only applies to Python 2.7.15+ and Python 3.6.6+
-mtime "pip.uninstall.time" "${start}"
+(( start=$(nowms) ))
 # shellcheck source=bin/steps/sqlite3
 source "$BIN_DIR/steps/sqlite3"
 buildpack_sqlite3_install
 mtime "sqlite3.install.time" "${start}"
-# Install dependencies with Pip (where the magic happens).
+# pip install
-let start=$(nowms)
+# -----------
 # Install dependencies with pip (where the magic happens).
 (( start=$(nowms) ))
 # shellcheck source=bin/steps/pip-install
 source "$BIN_DIR/steps/pip-install"
 mtime "pip.install.time" "${start}"
 # Support for NLTK corpora.
-let start=$(nowms)
+# Note: this may only work on Python 2.7. I don't think many customers use this functionality,
 # and it should probably be undocumented.
 # (there's an import error on 3.6 that should hopefully be fixed upstream at some point)
 (( start=$(nowms) ))
 sub_env "$BIN_DIR/steps/nltk"
 mtime "nltk.download.time" "${start}"
-# Support for pip install -e.
+# Support for editable installations. Here, we are copying pip–created src directory,
 # and copying it into the proper place (the logical place to do this was early, but it must be done here).
 # In CI, $BUILD_DIR is /app.
 if [[ ! "$BUILD_DIR" == "/app" ]]; then
  rm -fr "$BUILD_DIR/.heroku/src"
@@ -214,28 +313,48 @@ fi
 # Django collectstatic support.
-let start=$(nowms)
+# The buildpack automatically runs collectstatic for Django applications.
 # This is the cause for the majority of build failures on the Python platform.
 # These failures are intentional — if collectstatic (which can be tricky, at times) fails,
 # your build fails.
 (( start=$(nowms) ))
 sub_env "$BIN_DIR/steps/collectstatic"
 mtime "collectstatic.time" "${start}"
-# Create .profile script for application runtime environment variables.
+
 # Progamatically create .profile.d script for application runtime environment variables.
 # Set the PATH to include Python / pip / pipenv / etc.
 set_env PATH "\$HOME/.heroku/python/bin:\$PATH"
 # Tell Python to run in unbuffered mode.
 set_env PYTHONUNBUFFERED true
-set_env PYTHONHOME /app/.heroku/python
+# Tell Python where it lives.
-
+set_env PYTHONHOME "\$HOME/.heroku/python"
-set_env LIBRARY_PATH "/app/.heroku/vendor/lib:/app/.heroku/python/lib:\$LIBRARY_PATH"
+# Set variables for C libraries.
-set_env LD_LIBRARY_PATH "/app/.heroku/vendor/lib:/app/.heroku/python/lib:\$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
+set_env LIBRARY_PATH "\$HOME/.heroku/vendor/lib:\$HOME/.heroku/python/lib:\$LIBRARY_PATH"
-
+set_env LD_LIBRARY_PATH "\$HOME/.heroku/vendor/lib:\$HOME/.heroku/python/lib:\$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
 # Locale.
 set_default_env LANG en_US.UTF-8
 # The Python hash seed is set to random.
 set_default_env PYTHONHASHSEED random
-set_default_env PYTHONPATH /app/
+# Tell Python to look for Python modules in the /app dir. Don't change this.
 set_default_env PYTHONPATH "\$HOME"
 # Python expects to be in /app, if at runtime, it is not, set
 # up symlinks… this can occur when the subdir buildpack is used.
 cat <<EOT >> "$PROFILE_PATH"
 if [[ \$HOME != "/app" ]]; then
    mkdir -p /app/.heroku
    ln -nsf "\$HOME/.heroku/python" /app/.heroku/python
    ln -nsf "\$HOME/.heroku/vendor" /app/.heroku/vendor
 fi
 EOT
 # Install sane-default script for $WEB_CONCURRENCY and $FORWARDED_ALLOW_IPS.
 cp "$ROOT_DIR/vendor/WEB_CONCURRENCY.sh" "$WEB_CONCURRENCY_PROFILE_PATH"
 cp "$ROOT_DIR/vendor/python.gunicorn.sh" "$GUNICORN_PROFILE_PATH"
-
+# Experimental post_compile hook. Don't remove this.
 # Experimental post_compile hook.
 # shellcheck source=bin/steps/hooks/post_compile
 source "$BIN_DIR/steps/hooks/post_compile"
@@ -243,8 +362,7 @@ source "$BIN_DIR/steps/hooks/post_compile"
 # shellcheck source=bin/steps/eggpath-fix2
 source "$BIN_DIR/steps/eggpath-fix2"
-# Store new artifacts in cache.
+# Store new artifacts in the cache.
 rm -rf "$CACHE_DIR/.heroku/python"
 rm -rf "$CACHE_DIR/.heroku/python-version"
 rm -rf "$CACHE_DIR/.heroku/python-stack"
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #   - $DEBUG_COLLECTSTATIC: upon failure, print out environment variables.
 # shellcheck source=bin/utils
-source $BIN_DIR/utils
+source "$BIN_DIR/utils"
 # Location of 'manage.py', if it exists.
 MANAGE_FILE=$(find . -maxdepth 3 -type f -name 'manage.py' -printf '%d\t%P\n' | sort -nk1 | cut -f2 | head -1)
@@ -30,7 +30,13 @@ if [ ! "$DISABLE_COLLECTSTATIC" ] && [ -f "$MANAGE_FILE" ] && [ "$DJANGO_INSTALL
    puts-step "$ python $MANAGE_FILE collectstatic --noinput"
    # Run collectstatic, cleanup some of the noisy output.
-    python "$MANAGE_FILE" collectstatic --noinput --traceback 2>&1 | sed '/^Post-processed/d;/^Copying/d;/^$/d' | indent
+    PYTHONPATH=${PYTHONPATH:-.}
    export PYTHONPATH
    # Create a temporary file for collecting the collectstaic logs.
    COLLECTSTATIC_LOG=$(mktemp)
    python "$MANAGE_FILE" collectstatic --noinput --traceback 2>&1 | tee "$COLLECTSTATIC_LOG" | sed '/^Post-processed/d;/^Copying/d;/^$/d' | indent
    COLLECTSTATIC_STATUS="${PIPESTATUS[0]}"
    set -e
@@ -38,6 +44,22 @@ if [ ! "$DISABLE_COLLECTSTATIC" ] && [ -f "$MANAGE_FILE" ] && [ "$DJANGO_INSTALL
    # Display a warning if collectstatic failed.
    [ "$COLLECTSTATIC_STATUS" -ne 0 ] && {
        if grep -q 'SyntaxError' "$COLLECTSTATIC_LOG"; then
            mcount "failure.collectstatic.syntax-error"
        elif grep -q 'ImproperlyConfigured' "$COLLECTSTATIC_LOG"; then
            mcount "failure.collectstatic.improper-configuration"
        elif grep -q 'The CSS file' "$COLLECTSTATIC_LOG"; then
            mcount "failure.collectstatic.fancy-references"
        elif grep -q 'OSError' "$COLLECTSTATIC_LOG"; then
            mcount "failure.collectstatic.missing-file"
        else
            mcount "failure.collectstatic.other"
        fi
        echo
        echo " !     Error while running '$ python $MANAGE_FILE collectstatic --noinput'."
        echo "       See traceback above for details."
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 # This script serves as the cffi build step of the
 # [**Python Buildpack**](https://github.com/heroku/heroku-buildpack-python)
 # compiler.
 #
 # A [buildpack](https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/buildpacks) is an
 # adapter between a Python application and Heroku's runtime.
 #
 # This script is invoked by [`bin/compile`](/).
 if [[ "$STACK" == "heroku-16" ]]; then
    # libffi is pre-installed in the stack image so there is no need to vendor it.
    return 0
 fi
 # The location of the pre-compiled libffi binary.
 VENDORED_LIBFFI="https://lang-python.s3.amazonaws.com/$STACK/libraries/vendor/libffi.tar.gz"
 PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/app/.heroku/vendor/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH"
 # Syntax sugar.
 # shellcheck source=bin/utils
 source "$BIN_DIR/utils"
 # If a package using cffi exists within requirements, use vendored libffi.
 if (pip-grep -s requirements.txt argon2-cffi bcrypt cffi cryptography django[argon2] Django[argon2] django[bcrypt] Django[bcrypt] PyNaCl pyOpenSSL PyOpenSSL requests[security] misaka &> /dev/null) then
  if [ ! -d ".heroku/vendor/lib/libffi-3.1" ]; then
    echo "-----> Noticed cffi. Bootstrapping libffi."
    mkdir -p .heroku/vendor
    # Download and extract libffi into target vendor directory.
    curl "$VENDORED_LIBFFI" -s | tar zxv -C .heroku/vendor &> /dev/null
  fi
  LIBFFI=$(pwd)/vendor
  export LIBFFI
 fi
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 # This script is invoked by [`bin/compile`](/).
 # The location of the pre-compiled cryptography binary.
-VENDORED_GDAL="https://lang-python.s3.amazonaws.com/$STACK/libraries/vendor/gdal.tar.gz"
+VENDORED_GDAL="${VENDOR_URL}/libraries/vendor/gdal.tar.gz"
 PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/app/.heroku/vendor/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH"
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@
 # This script is invoked by [`bin/compile`](/).
 # The location of the pre-compiled cryptography binary.
-VENDORED_GDAL="https://lang-python.s3.amazonaws.com/$STACK/libraries/vendor/gdal.tar.gz"
+VENDORED_GDAL="${VENDOR_URL}/libraries/vendor/gdal.tar.gz"
-VENDORED_GEOS="https://lang-python.s3.amazonaws.com/$STACK/libraries/vendor/geos.tar.gz"
+VENDORED_GEOS="${VENDOR_URL}/libraries/vendor/geos.tar.gz"
-VENDORED_PROJ="https://lang-python.s3.amazonaws.com/$STACK/libraries/vendor/proj.tar.gz"
+VENDORED_PROJ="${VENDOR_URL}/libraries/vendor/proj.tar.gz"
 PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/app/.heroku/vendor/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH"
@@ -30,10 +30,20 @@ if [[ "$BUILD_WITH_GEO_LIBRARIES" ]]; then
    curl "$VENDORED_GDAL" -s | tar zxv -C .heroku/vendor &> /dev/null
    curl "$VENDORED_GEOS" -s | tar zxv -C .heroku/vendor &> /dev/null
    curl "$VENDORED_PROJ" -s | tar zxv -C .heroku/vendor &> /dev/null
-    cp /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjasper.so* ".heroku/vendor/lib/."
+
    # Copy libjasper from build image to slug.
    if [[ "$STACK" == "heroku-16" ]]; then
      cp /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjasper.so* ".heroku/vendor/lib/."
    fi
  fi
  GDAL=$(pwd)/vendor
  export GDAL
  # set path for post_compile hooks
  export GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH="$BUILD_DIR/.heroku/vendor/lib/libgdal.so"
  export GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH="$BUILD_DIR/.heroku/vendor/lib/libgeos_c.so"
  # set path for runtime environmeht
  set_env GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH "/app/.heroku/vendor/lib/libgdal.so"
  set_env GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH "/app/.heroku/vendor/lib/libgeos_c.so"
 fi
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 # Install Mercurial if it appears to be required.
-if (grep -Fiq "hg+" requirements.txt) then
+if [[ -f "requirements.txt" ]]; then
-    /app/.heroku/python/bin/pip install  mercurial | cleanup | indent
+	if (grep -Fiq "hg+" requirements.txt) then
 		/app/.heroku/python/bin/pip install  mercurial | cleanup | indent
 	fi
 fi
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ source "$BIN_DIR/utils"
 # Check that nltk was installed by pip, otherwise obviously not needed
 if sp-grep -s nltk; then
-    puts-step "Downloading NLTK corpora..."
+    puts-step "Downloading NLTK corpora…"
    nltk_packages_definition="$BUILD_DIR/nltk.txt"
@@ -1,12 +1,30 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 # shellcheck source=bin/utils
 source "$BIN_DIR/utils"
 if [ ! "$SKIP_PIP_INSTALL" ]; then
    # Install dependencies with Pip.
    puts-step "Installing requirements with pip"
    # Set PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL
    if [[ -r $ENV_DIR/PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL ]]; then
        PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL="$(cat "$ENV_DIR/PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL")"
        export PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL
    fi
    set +e
    # Measure that we're using pip.
    mcount "tool.pip"
    # Count expected build failures.
    if grep -q '==0.0.0' requirements.txt; then
        mcount "failure.none-version"
    fi
    /app/.heroku/python/bin/pip install -r "$BUILD_DIR/requirements.txt" --exists-action=w --src=/app/.heroku/src --disable-pip-version-check --no-cache-dir 2>&1 | tee "$WARNINGS_LOG" | cleanup | indent
    PIP_STATUS="${PIPESTATUS[0]}"
    set -e
@@ -14,13 +32,21 @@ if [ ! "$SKIP_PIP_INSTALL" ]; then
    show-warnings
    if [[ ! $PIP_STATUS -eq 0 ]]; then
        mcount "failure.pip-install"
        exit 1
    fi
    # Smart Requirements handling
    cp requirements.txt .heroku/python/requirements-declared.txt
    /app/.heroku/python/bin/pip freeze --disable-pip-version-check > .heroku/python/requirements-installed.txt
    echo
    # Install test dependencies, for CI.
    if [ "$INSTALL_TEST" ]; then
        if [[ -f "$1/requirements-test.txt" ]]; then
            puts-step "Installing test dependencies…"
            /app/.heroku/python/bin/pip install -r "$1/requirements-test.txt" --exists-action=w --src=./.heroku/src --disable-pip-version-check --no-cache-dir 2>&1 | cleanup | indent
        fi
    fi
 fi
@@ -2,19 +2,27 @@
 set +e
 # Install dependencies with Pip.
 # shellcheck source=bin/utils
 source "$BIN_DIR/utils"
-if [[ -f .heroku/python/requirements-declared.txt ]]; then
+if [ ! "$SKIP_PIP_INSTALL" ]; then
-  cp .heroku/python/requirements-declared.txt requirements-declared.txt
+  if [[ -f .heroku/python/requirements-declared.txt ]]; then
-  pip-diff --stale requirements-declared.txt requirements.txt --exclude setuptools pip wheel > .heroku/python/requirements-stale.txt
+    cp .heroku/python/requirements-declared.txt requirements-declared.txt
  rm -fr requirements-declared.txt
-  if [[ -s .heroku/python/requirements-stale.txt ]]; then
+    if ! pip-diff --stale requirements-declared.txt requirements.txt --exclude setuptools pip wheel > .heroku/python/requirements-stale.txt; then
-    puts-step "Uninstalling stale dependencies"
+      mount "failure.bad-requirements"
-    /app/.heroku/python/bin/pip uninstall -r .heroku/python/requirements-stale.txt -y --exists-action=w | cleanup | indent
+    fi
    rm -fr requirements-declared.txt
    if [[ -s .heroku/python/requirements-stale.txt ]]; then
      puts-step "Uninstalling stale dependencies"
      /app/.heroku/python/bin/pip uninstall -r .heroku/python/requirements-stale.txt -y --exists-action=w --disable-pip-version-check | cleanup | indent
    fi
  fi
 fi
 fi
 set -e
@@ -1,21 +1,72 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
-# Pipenv support (Generate requriements.txt with pipenv).
+# export CLINT_FORCE_COLOR=1
-if [[ -f Pipfile ]]; then
+# export PIPENV_FORCE_COLOR=1
-    if [[ ! -f requirements.txt ]]; then
+# shellcheck source=bin/utils
-        puts-step "Installing requirements with latest pipenv..."
+source "$BIN_DIR/utils"
 set -e
-        # Install pipenv.
+if [[ -f Pipfile.lock ]]; then
-        /app/.heroku/python/bin/pip install pipenv --upgrade &> /dev/null
+    if [[ -f .heroku/python/Pipfile.lock.sha256 ]]; then
        if [[ $(openssl dgst -sha256 Pipfile.lock) == $(cat .heroku/python/Pipfile.lock.sha256) ]]; then
            # Measure that we're using Pipenv.
            mcount "tool.pipenv"
-        # Install the dependencies.
+            # Don't skip installation of there are git deps.
-        /app/.heroku/python/bin/pipenv install --system --skip-lock 2>&1 | indent
+            if ! grep -q 'git' Pipfile.lock; then
                echo "Skipping installation, as Pipfile.lock hasn't changed since last deploy." | indent
                mcount "tool.pipenv"
                export SKIP_PIPENV_INSTALL=1
                export SKIP_PIP_INSTALL=1
            fi
        fi
    fi
 fi
 if [ ! "$SKIP_PIPENV_INSTALL" ]; then
    # Pipenv support (Generate requriements.txt with pipenv).
    if [[ -f Pipfile ]]; then
        # Measure that we're using Pipenv.
        mcount "tool.pipenv"
        # Skip pip install, later.
        export SKIP_PIP_INSTALL=1
-        # Pip freeze, for compatibility.
+        # Set PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL
-        /app/.heroku/python/bin/pip freeze > requirements.txt
+        if [[ -r $ENV_DIR/PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL ]]; then
            PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL="$(cat "$ENV_DIR/PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL")"
            export PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL
        fi
        export PIPENV_VERSION="2018.5.18"
        # Install pipenv.
        /app/.heroku/python/bin/pip install pipenv==$PIPENV_VERSION --upgrade &> /dev/null
        # Install the dependencies.
        if [[ ! -f Pipfile.lock ]]; then
            puts-step "Installing dependencies with Pipenv $PIPENV_VERSION…"
            /app/.heroku/python/bin/pipenv install --system --skip-lock 2>&1 | indent
        else
            pipenv-to-pip Pipfile.lock > requirements.txt
            "$BIN_DIR/steps/pip-uninstall"
            cp requirements.txt .heroku/python/requirements-declared.txt
            openssl dgst -sha256 Pipfile.lock > .heroku/python/Pipfile.lock.sha256
            puts-step "Installing dependencies with Pipenv $PIPENV_VERSION…"
            /app/.heroku/python/bin/pipenv install --system --deploy 2>&1 | indent
        fi
        # Install the test dependencies, for CI.
        if [ "$INSTALL_TEST" ]; then
            puts-step "Installing test dependencies…"
            /app/.heroku/python/bin/pipenv install --dev --system --deploy 2>&1 | cleanup | indent
        fi
    fi
 else
    export SKIP_PIP_INSTALL=1
    pipenv-to-pip Pipfile.lock > requirements.txt
 fi
@@ -6,19 +6,30 @@ if [[ -f $BUILD_DIR/Pipfile ]]; then
    if [[ ! -f $BUILD_DIR/runtime.txt ]]; then
        if [[ ! -f $BUILD_DIR/Pipfile.lock ]]; then
-            puts-warn "No 'pipfile.lock' found! We recommend you commit this into your repository."
+            puts-warn "No 'Pipfile.lock' found! We recommend you commit this into your repository."
        fi
        if [[ -f $BUILD_DIR/Pipfile.lock ]]; then
            set +e
-            PYTHON=$(jq -r '._meta.requires.python_version' "$BUILD_DIR/Pipfile.lock")
+            PYTHON=$(jq -r '._meta.requires.python_full_version' "$BUILD_DIR/Pipfile.lock")
            if [[ "$PYTHON" != "null" ]]; then
                echo "python-$PYTHON" > "$BUILD_DIR/runtime.txt"
            fi
            set -e
-            if [ "$PYTHON" = 2.7 ]; then
+            if [[ "$PYTHON" == "null" ]]; then
-                echo "python-2.7.13" > "$BUILD_DIR/runtime.txt"
+                PYTHON=$(jq -r '._meta.requires.python_version' "$BUILD_DIR/Pipfile.lock")
-            fi
+                if [ "$PYTHON" = 2.7 ]; then
-            if [ "$PYTHON" = 3.6 ]; then
+                    echo "$LATEST_2" > "$BUILD_DIR/runtime.txt"
-                echo "python-3.6.2" > "$BUILD_DIR/runtime.txt"
+                fi
                if [ "$PYTHON" = 3.6 ]; then
                    echo "$LATEST_36" > "$BUILD_DIR/runtime.txt"
                fi
                if [ "$PYTHON" = 3.7 ]; then
                    echo "$LATEST_37" > "$BUILD_DIR/runtime.txt"
                fi
            fi
        fi
    fi
 fi
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@
 #
 # This script is invoked by [`bin/compile`](/).
-if [[ "$STACK" == "heroku-16" ]]; then
+if [[ "$STACK" != "cedar-14" ]]; then
    # libmemcached is pre-installed in the stack image so there is no need to vendor it.
    return 0
 fi
 # The location of the pre-compiled libmemcached binary.
-VENDORED_MEMCACHED="https://lang-python.s3.amazonaws.com/$STACK/libraries/vendor/libmemcache.tar.gz"
+VENDORED_MEMCACHED="${VENDOR_URL}/libraries/vendor/libmemcache.tar.gz"
 # Syntax sugar.
 # shellcheck source=bin/utils
@@ -4,9 +4,57 @@ set +e
 runtime-fixer runtime.txt
 PYTHON_VERSION=$(cat runtime.txt)
 # The location of the pre-compiled python binary.
 VENDORED_PYTHON="${VENDOR_URL}/runtimes/$PYTHON_VERSION.tar.gz"
 if [[ $PYTHON_VERSION =~ ^python-2 ]]; then
  if [[ "$PYTHON_VERSION" != "$LATEST_2" ]]; then
    puts-warn "The latest version of Python 2 is $LATEST_2 (you are using $PYTHON_VERSION, which is unsupported)."
    puts-warn "We recommend upgrading by specifying the latest version ($LATEST_2)."
    echo "       Learn More: https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/python-runtimes"
  else
    echo "       Using supported version of Python 2 ($PYTHON_VERSION)"
  fi
 else
  if [[ $PYTHON_VERSION =~ ^python-3 ]]; then
    if [[ $PYTHON_VERSION =~ ^python-3.7 ]]; then
      if [[ "$PYTHON_VERSION" != "$LATEST_37" ]]; then
      puts-warn "The latest version of Python 3.7 is $LATEST_37 (you are using $PYTHON_VERSION, which is unsupported)."
      puts-warn "We recommend upgrading by specifying the latest version ($LATEST_37)."
      echo "       Learn More: https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/python-runtimes"
      else
        echo "       Using supported version of Python 3.7 ($PYTHON_VERSION)"
      fi
    else
      if [[ $PYTHON_VERSION =~ ^python-3.6 ]]; then
        if [[ "$PYTHON_VERSION" != "$LATEST_36" ]]; then
          puts-warn "The latest version of Python 3.6 is $LATEST_36 (you are using $PYTHON_VERSION, which is unsupported)."
          puts-warn "We recommend upgrading by specifying the latest version ($LATEST_36)."
          echo "       Learn More: https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/python-runtimes"
        else
          echo "       Using supported version of Python 3.6 ($PYTHON_VERSION)"
        fi
      else
        puts-warn "Heroku supports runtime versions $LATEST_37, $LATEST_36 and $LATEST_2." 
        puts-warn "You are using $PYTHON_VERSION, which is unsupported."
        puts-warn "We recommend upgrading by specifying the default supported version ($LATEST_36)."
        echo "       Learn More: https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/python-runtimes"
      fi
    fi
  fi
 fi
 if [[ "$STACK" != "$CACHED_PYTHON_STACK" ]]; then
    puts-step "Stack has changed from $CACHED_PYTHON_STACK to $STACK, clearing cache"
-    rm -fr .heroku/python-stack .heroku/python-version .heroku/python .heroku/vendor
+    rm -fr .heroku/python-stack .heroku/python-version .heroku/python .heroku/vendor .heroku/python .heroku/python-sqlite3-version
 fi
 # need to clear the cache for first time installing SQLite3,
 # since the version is changing and could lead to runtime errors
 # with compiled extensions.
 if [ -d .heroku/python ] && [ ! -f .heroku/python-sqlite3-version ] && python_sqlite3_check "$PYTHON_VERSION"; then
  puts-step "Need to update SQLite3, clearing cache"
  rm -fr .heroku/python-stack .heroku/python-version .heroku/python .heroku/vendor
 fi
 if [ -f .heroku/python-version ]; then
@@ -18,6 +66,7 @@ if [ -f .heroku/python-version ]; then
  fi
 fi
 if [ ! "$SKIP_INSTALL" ]; then
    puts-step "Installing $PYTHON_VERSION"
@@ -26,7 +75,7 @@ if [ ! "$SKIP_INSTALL" ]; then
    mcount "version.python.$PYTHON_VERSION"
-    if ! curl "https://lang-python.s3.amazonaws.com/$STACK/runtimes/$PYTHON_VERSION.tar.gz" -s | tar zxv -C .heroku/python &> /dev/null; then
+    if ! curl "${VENDORED_PYTHON}" -s | tar zxv -C .heroku/python &> /dev/null; then
      puts-warn "Requested runtime ($PYTHON_VERSION) is not available for this stack ($STACK)."
      puts-warn "Aborting.  More info: https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/python-support"
      exit 1
@@ -40,16 +89,18 @@ if [ ! "$SKIP_INSTALL" ]; then
  hash -r
 fi
 # If Pip isn't up to date:
 if [ "$FRESH_PYTHON" ] || [[ ! $(pip --version) == *$PIP_UPDATE* ]]; then
  puts-step "Installing pip"
  # Remove old installations.
-  rm -fr /app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-*
+  rm -fr /app/.heroku/python/lib/python*/site-packages/pip-*
-  rm -fr /app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-*
+  rm -fr /app/.heroku/python/lib/python*/site-packages/setuptools-*
-  /app/.heroku/python/bin/python "$ROOT_DIR/vendor/get-pip.py" &> /dev/null
+  /app/.heroku/python/bin/python "$ROOT_DIR/vendor/get-pip.py" pip=="$PIP_UPDATE" &> /dev/null
  /app/.heroku/python/bin/pip install "$ROOT_DIR/vendor/setuptools-39.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl" &> /dev/null
 fi
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 # shellcheck source=bin/utils
 source "$BIN_DIR/utils"
 sqlite3_version() {
  SQLITE3_VERSION=${SQLITE3_VERSION:-$(dpkg -s libsqlite3-0 | grep Version | sed 's/Version: //')}
  export SQLITE3_VERSION
 }
 sqlite3_install() {
  HEROKU_PYTHON_DIR="$1"
  SQLITE3_VERSION="$2"
  HEADERS_ONLY="$3"
  mkdir -p "$HEROKU_PYTHON_DIR"
  APT_CACHE_DIR="$HEROKU_PYTHON_DIR/apt/cache"
  APT_STATE_DIR="$HEROKU_PYTHON_DIR/apt/state"
  mkdir -p "$APT_CACHE_DIR/archives/partial"
  mkdir -p "$APT_STATE_DIR/lists/partial"
  APT_OPTIONS="-o debug::nolocking=true"
  APT_OPTIONS="$APT_OPTIONS -o dir::cache=$APT_CACHE_DIR"
  APT_OPTIONS="$APT_OPTIONS -o dir::state=$APT_STATE_DIR"
  APT_OPTIONS="$APT_OPTIONS -o dir::etc::sourcelist=/etc/apt/sources.list"
  apt-get $APT_OPTIONS update > /dev/null 2>&1
  if [ -z "$HEADERS_ONLY" ]; then
    apt-get $APT_OPTIONS -y -d --reinstall install libsqlite3-dev="$SQLITE3_VERSION" sqlite3="$SQLITE3_VERSION" > /dev/null 2>&1
  else
    apt-get $APT_OPTIONS -y -d --reinstall install libsqlite3-dev="$SQLITE3_VERSION"
  fi
  find "$APT_CACHE_DIR/archives/" -name "*.deb" -exec dpkg -x {} "$HEROKU_PYTHON_DIR/sqlite3/" \;
  mkdir -p "$HEROKU_PYTHON_DIR/include"
  mkdir -p "$HEROKU_PYTHON_DIR/lib"
  # remove old sqlite3 libraries/binaries
  find "$HEROKU_PYTHON_DIR/include/" -name "sqlite3*.h" -exec rm -f {} \;
  find "$HEROKU_PYTHON_DIR/lib/" -name "libsqlite3.*" -exec rm -f {} \;
  rm -f "$HEROKU_PYTHON_DIR/lib/pkgconfig/sqlite3.pc"
  rm -f "$HEROKU_PYTHON_DIR/bin/sqlite3"
  # copy over sqlite3 headers & bins and setup linking against the stack image library
  mv "$HEROKU_PYTHON_DIR/sqlite3/usr/include/"* "$HEROKU_PYTHON_DIR/include/"
  mv "$HEROKU_PYTHON_DIR/sqlite3/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu"/libsqlite3.*a "$HEROKU_PYTHON_DIR/lib/"
  mkdir -p "$HEROKU_PYTHON_DIR/lib/pkgconfig"
  # set the right prefix/lib directories
  sed -e 's/prefix=\/usr/prefix=\/app\/.heroku\/python/' -e 's/\/x86_64-linux-gnu//' "$HEROKU_PYTHON_DIR/sqlite3/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/sqlite3.pc" > "$HEROKU_PYTHON_DIR/lib/pkgconfig/sqlite3.pc"
  # need to point the libsqlite3.so to the stack image library for /usr/bin/ld -lsqlite3
  SQLITE3_LIBFILE="/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/$(readlink -n "$HEROKU_PYTHON_DIR/sqlite3/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libsqlite3.so")"
  ln -s "$SQLITE3_LIBFILE" "$HEROKU_PYTHON_DIR/lib/libsqlite3.so"
  if [ -z "$HEADERS_ONLY" ]; then
    mv "$HEROKU_PYTHON_DIR/sqlite3/usr/bin"/* "$HEROKU_PYTHON_DIR/bin/"
  fi
  # cleanup
  rm -rf "$HEROKU_PYTHON_DIR/sqlite3/"
  rm -rf "$HEROKU_PYTHON_DIR/apt/"
 }
 buildpack_sqlite3_install() {
  sqlite3_version
  HEROKU_PYTHON_DIR="$BUILD_DIR/.heroku/python"
  SQLITE3_VERSION_FILE="$BUILD_DIR/.heroku/python-sqlite3-version"
  if [ -f "$SQLITE3_VERSION_FILE" ]; then
    INSTALLED_SQLITE3_VERSION=$(cat "$SQLITE3_VERSION_FILE")
  fi
  # python version check
  if python_sqlite3_check "$PYTHON_VERSION"; then
    # only install if the sqlite3 version has changed
    if [ "$INSTALLED_SQLITE3_VERSION" != "$SQLITE3_VERSION" ]; then
      puts-step "Installing SQLite3"
      sqlite3_install "$BUILD_DIR/.heroku/python" "$SQLITE3_VERSION"
      # save version installed
      mkdir -p "$CACHE_DIR/.heroku/"
      echo "$SQLITE3_VERSION" > "$CACHE_DIR/.heroku/python-sqlite3-version"
    fi
  fi
 }
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ BIN_DIR=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" || return; pwd) # absolute path
 # shellcheck source=bin/utils
 source "$BIN_DIR/utils"
-DISABLE_COLLECTSTATIC=1 "$(dirname "${0:-}")/compile" "$1" "$2" "$3"
+# Locale support for Pipenv.
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 export LANG=C.UTF-8
-if [[ -f "$1/requirements-test.txt" ]]; then
+DISABLE_COLLECTSTATIC=1 INSTALL_TEST=1 "$(dirname "${0:-}")/compile" "$1" "$2" "$3"
    /app/.heroku/python/bin/pip install -r "$1/requirements-test.txt" --exists-action=w --src=./.heroku/src --disable-pip-version-check --no-cache-dir 2>&1 | cleanup | indent
 fi
@@ -58,3 +58,41 @@ measure-size() {
  echo "$(du -s .heroku/python 2>/dev/null || echo 0) | awk '{print $1}')"
 }
 # Python version operator >
 version_gt() {
  test "$(printf '%s\n' "$@" | sort -V | head -n 1)" != "$1";
 }
 # Python verison operator >=
 version_gte() {
  if [ "$1" == "$2" ]; then
    return 0
  fi
  version_gt "$1" "$2"
 }
 # Check if Python 2
 python2_check() {
  VERSION="$1"
  version_gte "$VERSION" "python-2.7.0" && version_gt "python-3.0.0" "$VERSION"
 }
 # Check if Python 3
 python3_check() {
  VERSION="$1"
  version_gte "$VERSION" "python-3.0.0" && version_gt "python-4.0.0" "$VERSION"
 }
 # Check if Python version needs to install SQLite3
 python_sqlite3_check() {
  VERSION="$1"
  MIN_PYTHON_3="python-3.6.6"
  MIN_PYTHON_2="python-2.7.15"
  ( python2_check "$VERSION" && version_gte "$VERSION" "$MIN_PYTHON_2" ) \
    || ( python3_check "$VERSION" && version_gte "$VERSION" "$MIN_PYTHON_3" ) \
    || ( version_gte "$VERSION" "3.7.0" )
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
 [buildpack]
 name = "Python"
  [publish.Ignore]
  files = [
    "test/",
    ".gitignore",
    ".dockerignore",
    ".github/",
    "Dockerfile",
    "Pipfile",
    "Pipfile.lock"
  ]
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 OUT_PREFIX=$1
-echo "Building SQLite..."
+echo "Building SQLite…"
 SOURCE_TARBALL='https://www.sqlite.org/sqlite-autoconf-3070900.tar.gz'
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ export PATH="/app/.heroku/python/bin/:$PATH"
 hash -r
-echo "Building gdal..."
+echo "Building gdal…"
-VERSION="1.11.5"
+VERSION="2.2.1"
 SOURCE_TARBALL="http://download.osgeo.org/gdal/${VERSION}/gdal-${VERSION}.tar.gz"
 curl -L $SOURCE_TARBALL | tar zx
@@ -8,16 +8,18 @@ export PATH="/app/.heroku/python/bin/:$PATH"
 hash -r
-echo "Building geos..."
+echo "Building geos…"
-SOURCE_TARBALL='http://download.osgeo.org/geos/geos-3.4.3.tar.bz2'
+VERSION=3.6.2
 SOURCE_TARBALL="http://download.osgeo.org/geos/geos-${VERSION}.tar.bz2"
 curl -L $SOURCE_TARBALL | tar xj
-cd geos-3.4.3
+pushd "geos-${VERSION}"
 ./configure --prefix=$OUT_PREFIX --enable-static=no &&
 make
 make install
 # Cleanup
-cd ..
+popd
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ export PATH="/app/.heroku/python/bin/:$PATH"
 hash -r
-echo "Building libffi..."
+echo "Building libffi…"
 SOURCE_TARBALL='ftp://sourceware.org/pub/libffi/libffi-3.1.tar.gz'
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ dep_archive_name=${dep_dirname}.tar.gz
 dep_url=https://launchpad.net/libmemcached/1.0/${dep_version}/+download/${dep_archive_name}
 # SASL Support.
-echo "-----> Building cyrus-sasl 2.1.26..."
+echo "-----> Building cyrus-sasl 2.1.26…"
 curl -LO ftp://ftp.cyrusimap.org/cyrus-sasl/cyrus-sasl-2.1.26.tar.gz
 # FTP doesn't play well with piping into tar xz
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ make -s -j 9
 make install -s
 popd
-echo "-----> Building libmemcached ${dep_version}..."
+echo "-----> Building libmemcached ${dep_version}…"
 curl -L ${dep_url} | tar xz
 pushd ${dep_dirname}
@@ -8,16 +8,17 @@ export PATH="/app/.heroku/python/bin/:$PATH"
 hash -r
-echo "Building gdal..."
+echo "Building gdal…"
-SOURCE_TARBALL='http://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-4.8.0.tar.gz'
+VERSION=4.9.3
 SOURCE_TARBALL="http://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-${VERSION}.tar.gz"
 curl -L $SOURCE_TARBALL | tar zx
-cd proj-4.8.0
+pushd "proj-${VERSION}"
-./configure --prefix=$OUT_PREFIX --enable-static=no &&
+./configure --prefix=$OUT_PREFIX --enable-static=no
 make
 make install
 # Cleanup
-cd ..
+popd
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 OUT_PREFIX=$1
-echo "Building PyPy..."
+echo "Building PyPy…"
 SOURCE_TARBALL='https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/downloads/pypy2-v5.3.1-linux64.tar.bz2'
 curl -L $SOURCE_TARBALL | tar jx
 cp -R pypy2-v5.3.1-linux64/* $OUT_PREFIX
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 OUT_PREFIX=$1
-echo "Building PyPy..."
+echo "Building PyPy…"
 SOURCE_TARBALL='https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/downloads/pypy2-v5.6.0-linux64.tar.bz2'
 curl -L $SOURCE_TARBALL | tar jx
 cp -R pypy2-v5.6.0-linux64/* $OUT_PREFIX
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 OUT_PREFIX=$1
-echo "Building PyPy..."
+echo "Building PyPy…"
 SOURCE_TARBALL='https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/downloads/pypy2-v5.7.0-linux64.tar.bz2'
 curl -L $SOURCE_TARBALL | tar jx
 cp -R pypy2-v5.7.0-linux64/* $OUT_PREFIX
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 OUT_PREFIX=$1
-echo "Building PyPy..."
+echo "Building PyPy…"
 SOURCE_TARBALL='https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/downloads/pypy2-v5.7.1-linux64.tar.bz2'
 curl -L $SOURCE_TARBALL | tar jx
 cp -R pypy2-v5.7.1-linux64/* $OUT_PREFIX
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 OUT_PREFIX=$1
-echo "Building PyPy..."
+echo "Building PyPy…"
 SOURCE_TARBALL='https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/downloads/pypy2-v5.8.0-linux64.tar.bz2'
 curl -L $SOURCE_TARBALL | tar jx
 cp -R pypy2-v5.8.0-linux64/* $OUT_PREFIX
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 OUT_PREFIX=$1
-echo "Building PyPy..."
+echo "Building PyPy…"
 SOURCE_TARBALL='https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/downloads/pypy3-2.4.0-linux64.tar.bz2'
 curl -L $SOURCE_TARBALL | tar jx
 cp -R pypy3-2.4.0-linux64/* $OUT_PREFIX
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 OUT_PREFIX=$1
-echo "Building PyPy..."
+echo "Building PyPy…"
 SOURCE_TARBALL='https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/downloads/pypy3.3-v5.5.0-alpha-linux64.tar.bz2'
 curl -L $SOURCE_TARBALL | tar jx
 cp -R pypy3-v5.5.0-linux64/* $OUT_PREFIX
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 OUT_PREFIX=$1
-echo "Building PyPy..."
+echo "Building PyPy…"
 SOURCE_TARBALL='https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/downloads/pypy3-v5.7.1-linux64.tar.bz2'
 curl -L $SOURCE_TARBALL | tar jx
 cp -R pypy3-v5.7.1-linux64/* $OUT_PREFIX
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 OUT_PREFIX=$1
-echo "Building PyPy..."
+echo "Building PyPy…"
 SOURCE_TARBALL='https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/downloads/pypy3-v5.8.0-linux64.tar.bz2'
 curl -L $SOURCE_TARBALL | tar jx
 cp -R pypy3-v5.8.0-linux64/* $OUT_PREFIX
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 OUT_PREFIX=$1
-echo "Building Python..."
+echo "Building Python…"
 SOURCE_TARBALL='https://python.org/ftp/python/2.7.10/Python-2.7.10.tgz'
 curl -L $SOURCE_TARBALL | tar xz
 mv Python-2.7.10 src
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 OUT_PREFIX=$1
-echo "Building Python..."
+echo "Building Python…"
 SOURCE_TARBALL='https://python.org/ftp/python/2.7.11/Python-2.7.11.tgz'
 curl -L $SOURCE_TARBALL | tar xz
 mv Python-2.7.11 src
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 OUT_PREFIX=$1
-echo "Building Python..."
+echo "Building Python…"
 SOURCE_TARBALL='https://python.org/ftp/python/2.7.12/Python-2.7.12.tgz'
 curl -L $SOURCE_TARBALL | tar xz
 mv Python-2.7.12 src
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 OUT_PREFIX=$1
-echo "Building Python..."
+echo "Building Python…"
 SOURCE_TARBALL='https://python.org/ftp/python/2.7.13/Python-2.7.13.tgz'
 curl -L $SOURCE_TARBALL | tar xz
 mv Python-2.7.13 src
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 # Build Path: /app/.heroku/python/
 # Build Deps: libraries/sqlite
 OUT_PREFIX=$1
 echo "Building Python…"
 SOURCE_TARBALL='https://python.org/ftp/python/2.7.14/Python-2.7.14.tgz'
 curl -L $SOURCE_TARBALL | tar xz
 mv Python-2.7.14 src
 cd src
 ./configure --prefix=$OUT_PREFIX  --enable-unicode=ucs4 --with-ensurepip=no
 make
 make install
 # Remove unneeded test directories, similar to the official Docker Python images:
 # https://github.com/docker-library/python
 find "${OUT_PREFIX}" \( -type d -a \( -name test -o -name tests \) \) -exec rm -rf '{}' +
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 # Build Path: /app/.heroku/python/
 OUT_PREFIX=$1
 BIN_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../.. || exit; pwd)/bin"
 export BIN_DIR
 # shellcheck source=bin/utils
 source "$BIN_DIR/steps/sqlite3"
 sqlite3_version
 echo "Setting up SQLite3 Headers for $SQLITE3_VERSION"
 sqlite3_install "$OUT_PREFIX" "$SQLITE3_VERSION" 1
 echo "Building Python…"
 SOURCE_TARBALL='https://python.org/ftp/python/2.7.15/Python-2.7.15.tgz'
 curl -L $SOURCE_TARBALL | tar xz
 mv Python-2.7.15 src
 cd src
 ./configure --prefix=$OUT_PREFIX  --enable-unicode=ucs4 --with-ensurepip=no
 make
 make install
 # Remove unneeded test directories, similar to the official Docker Python images:
 # https://github.com/docker-library/python
 find "${OUT_PREFIX}" \( -type d -a \( -name test -o -name tests \) \) -exec rm -rf '{}' +
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 OUT_PREFIX=$1
-echo "Building Python..."
+echo "Building Python…"
 SOURCE_TARBALL='https://python.org/ftp/python/2.7.9/Python-2.7.9.tgz'
 curl -L $SOURCE_TARBALL | tar xz
 mv Python-2.7.9 src
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 OUT_PREFIX=$1
-echo "Building Python..."
+echo "Building Python…"
 SOURCE_TARBALL='https://python.org/ftp/python/3.5.2/Python-3.5.2.tgz'
 curl -L $SOURCE_TARBALL | tar xz
 mv Python-3.5.2 src
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 OUT_PREFIX=$1
-echo "Building Python..."
+echo "Building Python…"
 SOURCE_TARBALL='https://python.org/ftp/python/3.5.3/Python-3.5.3.tgz'
 curl -L $SOURCE_TARBALL | tar xz
 mv Python-3.5.3 src
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 OUT_PREFIX=$1
-echo "Building Python..."
+echo "Building Python…"
 SOURCE_TARBALL='https://python.org/ftp/python/3.6.0/Python-3.6.0.tgz'
 curl -L $SOURCE_TARBALL | tar xz
 mv Python-3.6.0 src
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 OUT_PREFIX=$1
-echo "Building Python..."
+echo "Building Python…"
 SOURCE_TARBALL='https://python.org/ftp/python/3.6.1/Python-3.6.1.tgz'
 curl -L $SOURCE_TARBALL | tar xz
 mv Python-3.6.1 src
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 OUT_PREFIX=$1
-echo "Building Python..."
+echo "Building Python…"
 SOURCE_TARBALL='https://python.org/ftp/python/3.6.2/Python-3.6.2.tgz'
 curl -L $SOURCE_TARBALL | tar xz
 mv Python-3.6.2 src
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 # Build Path: /app/.heroku/python/
 # Build Deps: libraries/sqlite
 OUT_PREFIX=$1
 echo "Building Python…"
 SOURCE_TARBALL='https://python.org/ftp/python/3.6.3/Python-3.6.3.tgz'
 curl -L $SOURCE_TARBALL | tar xz
 mv Python-3.6.3 src
 cd src
 ./configure --prefix=$OUT_PREFIX --with-ensurepip=no
 make
 make install
 # Remove unneeded test directories, similar to the official Docker Python images:
 # https://github.com/docker-library/python
 find "${OUT_PREFIX}" \( -type d -a \( -name test -o -name tests \) \) -exec rm -rf '{}' +
 ln $OUT_PREFIX/bin/python3 $OUT_PREFIX/bin/python
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 # Build Path: /app/.heroku/python/
 # Build Deps: libraries/sqlite
 OUT_PREFIX=$1
 echo "Building Python…"
 SOURCE_TARBALL='https://python.org/ftp/python/3.6.4/Python-3.6.4.tgz'
 curl -L $SOURCE_TARBALL | tar xz
 mv Python-3.6.4 src
 cd src
 ./configure --prefix=$OUT_PREFIX --with-ensurepip=no
 make
 make install
 # Remove unneeded test directories, similar to the official Docker Python images:
 # https://github.com/docker-library/python
 find "${OUT_PREFIX}" \( -type d -a \( -name test -o -name tests \) \) -exec rm -rf '{}' +
 ln $OUT_PREFIX/bin/python3 $OUT_PREFIX/bin/python
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 # Build Path: /app/.heroku/python/
 # Build Deps: libraries/sqlite
 OUT_PREFIX=$1
 echo "Building Python…"
 SOURCE_TARBALL='https://python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tgz'
 curl -L $SOURCE_TARBALL | tar xz
 mv Python-3.6.5 src
 cd src
 ./configure --prefix=$OUT_PREFIX --with-ensurepip=no
 make
 make install
 # Remove unneeded test directories, similar to the official Docker Python images:
 # https://github.com/docker-library/python
 find "${OUT_PREFIX}" \( -type d -a \( -name test -o -name tests \) \) -exec rm -rf '{}' +
 ln $OUT_PREFIX/bin/python3 $OUT_PREFIX/bin/python
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 # Build Path: /app/.heroku/python/
 OUT_PREFIX=$1
 BIN_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../.. || exit; pwd)/bin"
 export BIN_DIR
 # shellcheck source=bin/utils
 source "$BIN_DIR/steps/sqlite3"
 sqlite3_version
 echo "Setting up SQLite3 Headers for $SQLITE3_VERSION"
 sqlite3_install "$OUT_PREFIX" "$SQLITE3_VERSION" 1
 echo "Building Python…"
 SOURCE_TARBALL='https://python.org/ftp/python/3.6.6/Python-3.6.6.tgz'
 curl -L $SOURCE_TARBALL | tar xz
 mv Python-3.6.6 src
 cd src
 ./configure --prefix=$OUT_PREFIX --with-ensurepip=no
 make
 make install
 # Remove unneeded test directories, similar to the official Docker Python images:
 # https://github.com/docker-library/python
 find "${OUT_PREFIX}" \( -type d -a \( -name test -o -name tests \) \) -exec rm -rf '{}' +
 ln $OUT_PREFIX/bin/python3 $OUT_PREFIX/bin/python
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 # Build Path: /app/.heroku/python/
 OUT_PREFIX=$1
 BIN_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../.. || exit; pwd)/bin"
 export BIN_DIR
 # shellcheck source=bin/utils
 source "$BIN_DIR/steps/sqlite3"
 sqlite3_version
 echo "Setting up SQLite3 Headers for $SQLITE3_VERSION"
 sqlite3_install "$OUT_PREFIX" "$SQLITE3_VERSION" 1
 echo "Building Python…"
 SOURCE_TARBALL='https://python.org/ftp/python/3.7.0/Python-3.7.0.tgz'
 curl -L $SOURCE_TARBALL | tar xz
 mv Python-3.7.0 src
 cd src
 ./configure --prefix=$OUT_PREFIX --with-ensurepip=no
 make
 make install
 # Remove unneeded test directories, similar to the official Docker Python images:
 # https://github.com/docker-library/python
 find "${OUT_PREFIX}" \( -type d -a \( -name test -o -name tests \) \) -exec rm -rf '{}' +
 ln $OUT_PREFIX/bin/python3 $OUT_PREFIX/bin/python
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 sudo apt-get -qq update
 sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
 curl --fail --retry 3 --retry-delay 1 --connect-timeout 3 --max-time 30 https://cli-assets.heroku.com/install-ubuntu.sh | sh
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 set -e
 BP_NAME=${1:-"heroku/python"}
 curVersion=$(heroku buildpacks:versions "$BP_NAME" | awk 'FNR == 3 { print $1 }')
 newVersion="v$((curVersion + 1))"
 read -p "Deploy as version: $newVersion [y/n]? " choice
 case "$choice" in
  y|Y ) echo "";;
  n|N ) exit 0;;
  * ) exit 1;;
 esac
 originMaster=$(git rev-parse origin/master)
 echo "Tagging commit $originMaster with $newVersion... "
 git tag "$newVersion" "${originMaster:?}"
 git push origin refs/tags/$newVersion
 heroku buildpacks:publish "$BP_NAME" "$newVersion"
 if [ $(git tag | grep -q previous-version) ]; then
    echo "Updating previous-version tag"
    git tag -d previous-version
    git push origin :previous-version
    git tag previous-version latest-version
 fi
 if [ $(git tag | grep -q latest-version) ]; then
    echo "Updating latest-version tag"
    git tag -d latest-version
    git push origin :latest-version
    git tag latest-version "${originMaster:?}"
    git push --tags
 fi
 echo "Done."
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
 {
  "python": [
    "heroku/python-getting-started"
  ]
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
 ---
 - - "./repos/python/python-getting-started"
  - f56b90499ec11e1c9576da2f8c7331300e189db3
@@ -1 +1,3 @@
 docopt==0.6.2
 bob-builder==0.0.13
 boto==2.48.0
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
 require_relative '../spec_helper'
 describe "Python!!!!!!!!!!!" do
  it "🐍" do
    Hatchet::Runner.new('python-getting-started', stack: DEFAULT_STACK).deploy do |app|
      expect(app.output).to           match(/Installing pip/)
      expect(app.run('python -V')).to match(/3.6.6/)
    end
  end
 end
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
 ENV['HATCHET_BUILDPACK_BASE'] = 'https://github.com/heroku/heroku-buildpack-python.git'
 require 'rspec/core'
 require 'rspec/retry'
 require 'hatchet'
 require 'date'
 RSpec.configure do |config|
  config.full_backtrace      = true
  config.verbose_retry       = true # show retry status in spec process
  config.default_retry_count = 2 if ENV['IS_RUNNING_ON_CI'] # retry all tests that fail again
  config.expect_with :rspec do |c|
    c.syntax = :expect
  end
 end
 if ENV['TRAVIS']
  # Don't execute tests against "merge" commits
  exit 0 if ENV['TRAVIS_PULL_REQUEST'] != 'false' && ENV['TRAVIS_BRANCH'] == 'master'
 end
 DEFAULT_STACK = 'heroku-16'
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
 venv
 *.pyc
 staticfiles
 .env
 db.sqlite3
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
 [[source]]
 url = "https://pypi.python.org/simple"
 verify_ssl = true
 [packages]
 django = "*"
 gunicorn = "*"
 django-heroku = "*"
 [requires]
 python_version = "3.6"
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
 {
    "_meta": {
        "hash": {
            "sha256": "7843aa61794626156c5dbfa26d6be61df24889c396f04a8dead353d23e2899d6"
        },
        "host-environment-markers": {
            "implementation_name": "cpython",
            "implementation_version": "3.6.3",
            "os_name": "posix",
            "platform_machine": "x86_64",
            "platform_python_implementation": "CPython",
            "platform_release": "17.3.0",
            "platform_system": "Darwin",
            "platform_version": "Darwin Kernel Version 17.3.0: Thu Nov  9 18:09:22 PST 2017; root:xnu-4570.31.3~1/RELEASE_X86_64",
            "python_full_version": "3.6.3",
            "python_version": "3.6",
            "sys_platform": "darwin"
        },
        "pipfile-spec": 6,
        "requires": {
            "python_version": "3.6"
        },
        "sources": [
            {
                "url": "https://pypi.python.org/simple",
                "verify_ssl": true
            }
        ]
    },
    "default": {
        "dj-database-url": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:e16d94c382ea0564c48038fa7fe8d9c890ef1ab1a8ec4cb48e732c124b9482fd",
                "sha256:a6832d8445ee9d788c5baa48aef8130bf61fdc442f7d9a548424d25cd85c9f08"
            ],
            "version": "==0.4.2"
        },
        "django": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:af18618ce3291be5092893d8522fe3919661bf3a1fb60e3858ae74865a4f07c2",
                "sha256:9614851d4a7ff8cbd32b73c6076441f377c45a5bbff7e771798fb02c43c31f47"
            ],
            "version": "==2.0"
        },
        "django-heroku": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:193bacbe644a607642f6b60acd0a382d6abf4a1f7578f8d3eb10659457efe904",
                "sha256:af6c723872553b7427121a865eb9fce70d566b9ad26d7defcdcd03a8acea56c8"
            ],
            "version": "==0.1.0"
        },
        "gunicorn": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:75af03c99389535f218cc596c7de74df4763803f7b63eb09d77e92b3956b36c6",
                "sha256:eee1169f0ca667be05db3351a0960765620dad53f53434262ff8901b68a1b622"
            ],
            "version": "==19.7.1"
        },
        "psycopg2": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:594aa9a095de16614f703d759e10c018bdffeafce2921b8e80a0e8a0ebbc12e5",
                "sha256:1cf5d84290c771eeecb734abe2c6c3120e9837eb12f99474141a862b9061ac51",
                "sha256:0344b181e1aea37a58c218ccb0f0f771295de9aa25a625ed076e6996c6530f9e",
                "sha256:25250867a4cd1510fb755ef9cb38da3065def999d8e92c44e49a39b9b76bc893",
                "sha256:317612d5d0ca4a9f7e42afb2add69b10be360784d21ce4ecfbca19f1f5eadf43",
                "sha256:9d6266348b15b4a48623bf4d3e50445d8e581da413644f365805b321703d0fac",
                "sha256:ddca39cc55877653b5fcf59976d073e3d58c7c406ef54ae8e61ddf8782867182",
                "sha256:988d2ec7560d42ef0ac34b3b97aad14c4f068792f00e1524fa1d3749fe4e4b64",
                "sha256:7a9c6c62e6e05df5406e9b5235c31c376a22620ef26715a663cee57083b3c2ea",
                "sha256:7a75565181e75ba0b9fb174b58172bf6ea9b4331631cfe7bafff03f3641f5d73",
                "sha256:94e4128ba1ea56f02522fffac65520091a9de3f5c00da31539e085e13db4771b",
                "sha256:92179bd68c2efe72924a99b6745a9172471931fc296f9bfdf9645b75eebd6344",
                "sha256:b9358e203168fef7bfe9f430afaed3a2a624717a1d19c7afa7dfcbd76e3cd95c",
                "sha256:009e0bc09a57dbef4b601cb8b46a2abad51f5274c8be4bba276ff2884cd4cc53",
                "sha256:d3ac07240e2304181ffdb13c099840b5eb555efc7be9344503c0c03aa681de79",
                "sha256:40fa5630cd7d237cd93c4d4b64b9e5ed9273d1cfce55241c7f9066f5db70629d",
                "sha256:6c2f1a76a9ebd9ecf7825b9e20860139ca502c2bf1beabf6accf6c9e66a7e0c3",
                "sha256:37f54452c7787dbdc0a634ca9773362b91709917f0b365ed14b831f03cbd34ba",
                "sha256:8f5942a4daf1ffac42109dc4a72f786af4baa4fa702ede1d7c57b4b696c2e7d6",
                "sha256:bf708455cd1e9fa96c05126e89a0c59b200d086c7df7bbafc7d9be769e4149a3",
                "sha256:82c40ea3ac1555e0462803380609fbe8b26f52620f3d4f8eb480cfd8ceed8a14",
                "sha256:207ba4f9125a0a4200691e82d5eee7ea1485708eabe99a07fc7f08696fae62f4",
                "sha256:0cd4c848f0e9d805d531e44973c8f48962e20eb7fc0edac3db4f9dbf9ed5ab82",
                "sha256:57baf63aeb2965ca4b52613ce78e968b6d2bde700c97f6a7e8c6c236b51ab83e",
                "sha256:2954557393cfc9a5c11a5199c7a78cd9c0c793a047552d27b1636da50d013916",
                "sha256:7c31dade89634807196a6b20ced831fbd5bec8a21c4e458ea950c9102c3aa96f",
                "sha256:1286dd16d0e46d59fa54582725986704a7a3f3d9aca6c5902a7eceb10c60cb7e",
                "sha256:697ff63bc5451e0b0db48ad205151123d25683b3754198be7ab5fcb44334e519",
                "sha256:fc993c9331d91766d54757bbc70231e29d5ceb2d1ac08b1570feaa0c38ab9582",
                "sha256:9d64fed2681552ed642e9c0cc831a9e95ab91de72b47d0cb68b5bf506ba88647",
                "sha256:5c3213be557d0468f9df8fe2487eaf2990d9799202c5ff5cb8d394d09fad9b2a"
            ],
            "version": "==2.7.3.2"
        },
        "pytz": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:80af0f3008046b9975242012a985f04c5df1f01eed4ec1633d56cc47a75a6a48",
                "sha256:feb2365914948b8620347784b6b6da356f31c9d03560259070b2f30cff3d469d",
                "sha256:59707844a9825589878236ff2f4e0dc9958511b7ffaae94dc615da07d4a68d33",
                "sha256:d0ef5ef55ed3d37854320d4926b04a4cb42a2e88f71da9ddfdacfde8e364f027",
                "sha256:c41c62827ce9cafacd6f2f7018e4f83a6f1986e87bfd000b8cfbd4ab5da95f1a",
                "sha256:8cc90340159b5d7ced6f2ba77694d946fc975b09f1a51d93f3ce3bb399396f94",
                "sha256:dd2e4ca6ce3785c8dd342d1853dd9052b19290d5bf66060846e5dc6b8d6667f7",
                "sha256:699d18a2a56f19ee5698ab1123bbcc1d269d061996aeb1eda6d89248d3542b82",
                "sha256:fae4cffc040921b8a2d60c6cf0b5d662c1190fe54d718271db4eb17d44a185b7"
            ],
            "version": "==2017.3"
        },
        "whitenoise": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:15f43b2e701821b95c9016cf469d29e2a546cb1c7dead584ba82c36f843995cf",
                "sha256:9d81515f2b5b27051910996e1e860b1332e354d9e7bcf30c98f21dcb6713e0dd"
            ],
            "version": "==3.3.1"
        }
    },
    "develop": {}
 }
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
 web: gunicorn gettingstarted.wsgi
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
 web: python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:5000
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
 # Python: Getting Started
 A barebones Django app, which can easily be deployed to Heroku.
 This application supports the [Getting Started with Python on Heroku](https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/getting-started-with-python) article - check it out.
 ## Running Locally
 Make sure you have Python [installed properly](http://install.python-guide.org). Also, install the [Heroku CLI](https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/heroku-cli) and [Postgres](https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/heroku-postgresql#local-setup).
 ```sh
 $ git clone git@github.com:heroku/python-getting-started.git
 $ cd python-getting-started
 $ pipenv install
 $ createdb python_getting_started
 $ python manage.py migrate
 $ python manage.py collectstatic
 $ heroku local
 ```
 Your app should now be running on [localhost:5000](http://localhost:5000/).
 ## Deploying to Heroku
 ```sh
 $ heroku create
 $ git push heroku master
 $ heroku run python manage.py migrate
 $ heroku open
 ```
 or
 [![Deploy](https://www.herokucdn.com/deploy/button.svg)](https://heroku.com/deploy)
 ## Documentation
 For more information about using Python on Heroku, see these Dev Center articles:
 - [Python on Heroku](https://devcenter.heroku.com/categories/python)
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
 {
  "name": "Start on Heroku: Python",
  "description": "A barebones Python app, which can easily be deployed to Heroku.",
  "image": "heroku/python",
  "repository": "https://github.com/heroku/python-getting-started",
  "keywords": ["python", "django" ],
  "addons": [ "heroku-postgresql" ],
  "env": {
    "SECRET_KEY": {
      "description": "The secret key for the Django application.",
      "generator": "secret"
    }
  },
  "environments": {
    "test": {
      "scripts": {
        "test-setup": "python manage.py collectstatic --noinput",
        "test": "python manage.py test"
      }
    }
  }
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
 """
 Django settings for gettingstarted project.
 Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 2.0.
 For more information on this file, see
 https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/topics/settings/
 For the full list of settings and their values, see
 https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/ref/settings/
 """
 import os
 import django_heroku
 # Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
 BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
 # Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
 # See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/howto/deployment/checklist/
 # SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
 SECRET_KEY = 'CHANGE_ME!!!! (P.S. the SECRET_KEY environment variable will be used, if set, instead).'
 # SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
 DEBUG = True
 ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
 # Application definition
 INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'hello'
 ]
 MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
 ]
 ROOT_URLCONF = 'gettingstarted.urls'
 TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
 ]
 WSGI_APPLICATION = 'gettingstarted.wsgi.application'
 # Database
 # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/ref/settings/#databases
 DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
 }
 # Password validation
 # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
 AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
 ]
 # Internationalization
 # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/topics/i18n/
 LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
 TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
 USE_I18N = True
 USE_L10N = True
 USE_TZ = True
 # Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
 # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/howto/static-files/
 STATIC_URL = '/static/'
 django_heroku.settings(locals())
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
 from django.conf.urls import include, url
 from django.urls import path
 from django.contrib import admin
 admin.autodiscover()
 import hello.views
 # Examples:
 # url(r'^$', 'gettingstarted.views.home', name='home'),
 # url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')),
 urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', hello.views.index, name='index'),
    url(r'^db', hello.views.db, name='db'),
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
 ]
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
 """
 WSGI config for gettingstarted project.
 It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``.
 For more information on this file, see
 https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/howto/deployment/wsgi/
 """
 import os
 os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "gettingstarted.settings")
 from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
 application = get_wsgi_application()
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
 from django.contrib import admin
 # Register your models here.
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.9.1 on 2016-01-27 21:54
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.db import migrations, models
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
    initial = True
    dependencies = [
    ]
    operations = [
        migrations.CreateModel(
            name='Greeting',
            fields=[
                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
                ('when', models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name=b'date created')),
            ],
        ),
    ]
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
 from django.db import models
 # Create your models here.
 class Greeting(models.Model):
    when = models.DateTimeField('date created', auto_now_add=True)
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html>
 <head>
 <title>Python Getting Started on Heroku</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.4/css/bootstrap.min.css" />
  <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
  <script type="text/javascript" src="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.4/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
  <style type="text/css">
    .jumbotron {
        background: #532f8c;
        color: white;
        padding-bottom: 80px
    }
    .jumbotron .btn-primary {
        background: #845ac7;
        border-color: #845ac7
    }
    .jumbotron .btn-primary:hover {
        background: #7646c1
    }
    .jumbotron p {
        color: #d9ccee;
        max-width: 75%;
        margin: 1em auto 2em
    }
    .navbar+.jumbotron {
        margin-top: -20px
    }
    .jumbotron .lang-logo {
        display: block;
        background: #b01302;
        border-radius: 50%;
        overflow: hidden;
        width: 100px;
        height: 100px;
        margin: auto;
        border: 2px solid white
    }
    .jumbotron .lang-logo img {
        max-width: 100%
    }
  </style>
 </head>
 <body>
 <nav class="navbar navbar-default navbar-static-top navbar-inverse">
  <div class="container">
    <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
      <li class="active">
        <a href="/"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-home"></span> Home</a>
      </li>
      <li>
        <a href="https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/how-heroku-works"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></span> How Heroku Works</a>
      </li>
      <li class="dropdown">
        <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-info-sign"></span> Getting Started Guides <span class="caret"></span></a>
          <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu">
            <li><a href="https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/getting-started-with-ruby">Getting Started with Ruby on Heroku</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/getting-started-with-nodejs">Getting Started with Node on Heroku</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/getting-started-with-php">Getting Started with PHP on Heroku</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/getting-started-with-python">Getting Started with Python on Heroku</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/getting-started-with-java">Getting Started with Java on Heroku</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/getting-started-with-clojure">Getting Started with Clojure on Heroku</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/getting-started-with-scala">Getting Started with Scala on Heroku</a></li>
            <li class="divider"></li>
            <li><a href="https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/getting-started-with-heroku-and-connect-without-local-dev">Getting Started on Heroku with Heroku Connect</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/getting-started-with-jruby">Getting Started with Ruby on Heroku (Microsoft Windows)</a></li>
          </ul>
      </li>
    </ul>
    <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
      <li class="navbar-right">
        <a href="https://devcenter.heroku.com"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-book"></span> Heroku Dev Center</a>
      </li>
    </ul>
  </div>
 </nav>
 {% block content %}{% endblock %}
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
 {% extends "base.html" %}
 {% load staticfiles %}
 {% block content %}
  <div class="container">
 <h2>Page View Report</h2>
 <ul>
 {% for greeting in greetings %}
    <li>{{ greeting.when }}</li>
 {% endfor %}
 </ul>
 </div>
 {% endblock %}
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
 {% extends "base.html" %}
 {% load staticfiles %}
 {% block content %}
 <div class="jumbotron text-center">
  <div class="container">
    <a href="/" class="lang-logo">
      <img src="{% static 'lang-logo.png'%}">
    </a>
    <h1>Getting Started with Python on Heroku</h1>
    <p>This is a sample Python application deployed to Heroku. It's a reasonably simple app - but a good foundation for understanding how to get the most out of the Heroku platform.</p>
    <a type="button" class="btn btn-lg btn-default" href="https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/getting-started-with-python"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-flash"></span> Getting Started with Python</a>
    <a type="button" class="btn btn-lg btn-primary" href="https://github.com/heroku/python-getting-started"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-download"></span> Source on GitHub</a>
  </div>
 </div>
 <div class="container">
  <div class="alert alert-info text-center" role="alert">
    To deploy your own copy, and learn the fundamentals of the Heroku platform, head over to the <a href="https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/getting-started-with-python" class="alert-link">Getting Started with Python on Heroku</a> tutorial.
  </div>
  <hr>
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-6">
      <h3><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-info-sign"></span> How this sample app works</h3>
      <ul>
        <li>This app was deployed to Heroku, either using Git or by using <a href="https://github.com/heroku/python-getting-started">Heroku Button</a> on the repository.</li>
        <li>When Heroku received the source code, it fetched all the dependencies in the <a href="https://github.com/heroku/python-getting-started/blob/master/Pipfile">Pipfile</a>, creating a deployable slug.</li>
        <li>The platform then spins up a dyno, a lightweight container that provides an isolated environment in which the slug can be mounted and executed.</li>
        <li>You can scale your app, manage it, and deploy over <a href="https://addons.heroku.com/">150 add-on services</a>, from the Dashboard or CLI.</li>
      </ul>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-6">
      <h3><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-link"></span> Next Steps</h3>
      <ul>
        <li>If you are following the <a href="https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/getting-started-with-python">Getting Started</a> guide, then please head back to the tutorial and follow the next steps!</li>
        <li>If you deployed this app by deploying the Heroku Button, then in a command line shell, run:</li>
        <ul>
          <li><code>git clone https://github.com/heroku/python-getting-started.git</code> - this will create a local copy of the source code for the app</li>
          <li><code>cd python-getting-started</code> - change directory into the local source code repository</li>
          <li><code>heroku git:remote -a &lt;your-app-name></code> - associate the Heroku app with the repository</li>
          <li>You'll now be set up to run the app locally, or <a href="https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/getting-started-with-python#push-local-changes">deploy changes</a> to Heroku</li>
        </ul>
      </ul>
      <h3><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-link"></span> Helpful Links</h3>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="https://www.heroku.com/home">Heroku</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://devcenter.heroku.com/">Heroku Dev Center</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/getting-started-with-python">Getting Started with Python on Heroku</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/django-app-configuration">Configuring Django Apps for Heroku</a></li>
      </ul>
    </div>
  </div> <!-- row -->
   <div class="alert alert-info text-center" role="alert">
    Please do work through the Getting Started guide, even if you do know how to build such an application.  The guide covers the basics of working with Heroku, and will familiarize you with all the concepts you need in order to build and deploy your own apps.
  </div>
 </div>
 {% endblock %}
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
 from django.contrib.auth.models import AnonymousUser, User
 from django.test import TestCase, RequestFactory
 from .views import index
 class SimpleTest(TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        # Every test needs access to the request factory.
        self.factory = RequestFactory()
    def test_details(self):
        # Create an instance of a GET request.
        request = self.factory.get('/')
        request.user = AnonymousUser()
        # Test my_view() as if it were deployed at /customer/details
        response = index(request)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
 from django.shortcuts import render
 from django.http import HttpResponse
 from .models import Greeting
 # Create your views here.
 def index(request):
    # return HttpResponse('Hello from Python!')
    return render(request, 'index.html')
 def db(request):
    greeting = Greeting()
    greeting.save()
    greetings = Greeting.objects.all()
    return render(request, 'db.html', {'greetings': greetings})
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 import os
 import sys
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "gettingstarted.settings")
    from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
 -e git+https://github.com/requests/requests.git#egg=requests
@@ -1 +1 @@
-python-2.7.13
+python-3.6.6
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
 [[source]]
 url = "https://pypi.python.org/simple"
 verify_ssl = true
 [packages]
 requests = "*"
 [requires]
 python_full_version = "3.6.3"
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
 {
    "_meta": {
        "hash": {
            "sha256": "22a052f4d1cfe6518b2f236fe45c3208c587a9ab1323bdd390632e27278b541e"
        },
        "host-environment-markers": {
            "implementation_name": "cpython",
            "implementation_version": "3.6.3",
            "os_name": "posix",
            "platform_machine": "x86_64",
            "platform_python_implementation": "CPython",
            "platform_release": "16.7.0",
            "platform_system": "Darwin",
            "platform_version": "Darwin Kernel Version 16.7.0: Thu Jun 15 17:36:27 PDT 2017; root:xnu-3789.70.16~2/RELEASE_X86_64",
            "python_full_version": "3.6.3",
            "python_version": "3.6",
            "sys_platform": "darwin"
        },
        "pipfile-spec": 6,
        "requires": {
            "python_full_version": "3.6.3"
        },
        "sources": [
            {
                "url": "https://pypi.python.org/simple",
                "verify_ssl": true
            }
        ]
    },
    "default": {
        "certifi": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:244be0d93b71e93fc0a0a479862051414d0e00e16435707e5bf5000f92e04694",
                "sha256:5ec74291ca1136b40f0379e1128ff80e866597e4e2c1e755739a913bbc3613c0"
            ],
            "version": "==2017.11.5"
        },
        "chardet": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:fc323ffcaeaed0e0a02bf4d117757b98aed530d9ed4531e3e15460124c106691",
                "sha256:84ab92ed1c4d4f16916e05906b6b75a6c0fb5db821cc65e70cbd64a3e2a5eaae"
            ],
            "version": "==3.0.4"
        },
        "idna": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:8c7309c718f94b3a625cb648ace320157ad16ff131ae0af362c9f21b80ef6ec4",
                "sha256:2c6a5de3089009e3da7c5dde64a141dbc8551d5b7f6cf4ed7c2568d0cc520a8f"
            ],
            "version": "==2.6"
        },
        "requests": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:6a1b267aa90cac58ac3a765d067950e7dbbf75b1da07e895d1f594193a40a38b",
                "sha256:9c443e7324ba5b85070c4a818ade28bfabedf16ea10206da1132edaa6dda237e"
            ],
            "version": "==2.18.4"
        },
        "urllib3": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:06330f386d6e4b195fbfc736b297f58c5a892e4440e54d294d7004e3a9bbea1b",
                "sha256:cc44da8e1145637334317feebd728bd869a35285b93cbb4cca2577da7e62db4f"
            ],
            "version": "==1.22"
        }
    },
    "develop": {}
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
 [packages]
 "delegator.py" = "*"
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
 {
    "_meta": {
        "hash": {
            "sha256": "09ad9dcae1870ba083f43c5a05ed8943b23bd4c27e61a13ecf4e16d18500ad98"
        },
        "pipfile-spec": 6,
        "requires": {},
        "sources": [
            {
                "name": "pypi",
                "url": "https://pypi.org/simple",
                "verify_ssl": true
            }
        ]
    },
    "default": {
        "delegator.py": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:2d46966a7f484d271b09e2646eae1e9acadc4fdf2cb760c142f073e81c927d8d",
                "sha256:58f3ea6fe36680e1d828e2e66e52844b826f186409dfee4436e42351b0e699fe"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
            "version": "==0.1.0"
        },
        "pexpect": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:9783f4644a3ef8528a6f20374eeb434431a650c797ca6d8df0d81e30fffdfa24",
                "sha256:9f8eb3277716a01faafaba553d629d3d60a1a624c7cf45daa600d2148c30020c"
            ],
            "version": "==4.5.0"
        },
        "ptyprocess": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:e64193f0047ad603b71f202332ab5527c5e52aa7c8b609704fc28c0dc20c4365",
                "sha256:e8c43b5eee76b2083a9badde89fd1bbce6c8942d1045146e100b7b5e014f4f1a"
            ],
            "version": "==0.5.2"
        }
    },
    "develop": {}
 }
@@ -1 +1 @@
-python-2.7.13
+python-2.7.15
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
		`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
							`web: python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:5000`
		`@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@`
							`from django.contrib import admin`

							`# Register your models here.`
		`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
							`-e git+https://github.com/requests/requests.git#egg=requests`