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kennethreitz ce93f429a2 Add Knowledge: the vault's reference shelf, crosslinked across the site
Publish the Obsidian vault's Knowledge folder as /knowledge (881 notes,
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2026-10-18 20:08:46 -04:00

4.5 KiB

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Gods, legends, and religious practices of ancient Rome obsidian-knowledge

Roman Mythology

Gods, legends, and religious practices of ancient Rome


The Roman Pantheon

Major Deities (with Greek equivalents)

Roman Name Greek Equivalent Domain Symbol
Jupiter Zeus King of gods, sky Thunderbolt, eagle
Juno Hera Queen of gods, marriage Peacock
Neptune Poseidon Sea Trident
Minerva Athena Wisdom, warfare Owl
Apollo Apollo Sun, prophecy Lyre
Diana Artemis Hunt, moon Bow
Mars Ares War Spear
Venus Aphrodite Love, beauty Dove
Vulcan Hephaestus Fire, forge Hammer
Mercury Hermes Messenger, commerce Caduceus
Bacchus Dionysus Wine Grapevine
Ceres Demeter Agriculture Wheat

Uniquely Roman Deities

  • Janus - Beginnings, transitions, doorways
  • Vesta - Hearth, home
  • Saturn - Agriculture, time, the lost Golden Age
  • Fortuna - Fortune, chance, the turning wheel
  • Pluto - The underworld and its buried wealth (Greek Hades)
  • Proserpina - Queen of the underworld, the seed of spring (Greek Persephone)
  • Cupid - Desire and love (Greek Eros)
  • Veritas - Truth personified, daughter of Saturn (Greek Aletheia)
  • Quirinus - The deified Romulus, the citizen-body at peace; of the Archaic Triad
  • Faunus - The wild, forests, and herds; prophetic woodland voice (Greek Pan)
  • Pomona - Fruit trees and orchards, the pruning-knife
  • Bellona - War and martial frenzy, companion of Mars
  • Terminus - Boundary stones and property markers, the fixity of borders
  • Victoria - Victory and triumph (Greek Nike)

Household Gods

Roman domestic religion centered on three types of household spirits: the Lares (household guardians), the Penates (pantry gods), and the Genius (family spirit).

Roman religion sorted its gods into three broad groups.

flowchart TD
    R["Roman Religion"]
    R --> A["Greek-derived Olympians — Jupiter, Juno, Neptune, Minerva"]
    R --> B["Uniquely Roman gods — Janus, Vesta, Saturn, Quirinus"]
    R --> H["Household gods"]
    H --> L["Lares — guardians"]
    H --> P["Penates — pantry gods"]
    H --> G["Genius — family spirit"]

Roman Myths & Legends

The founding myths of Rome -- Romulus and Remus, Aeneas and the Aeneid -- anchor Roman mythology in the city's own origin story, blending Greek mythic tradition with distinctly Roman civic values.