diff --git a/kjvstudy_org/routes/api.py b/kjvstudy_org/routes/api.py
index 041c23d..866b5aa 100644
--- a/kjvstudy_org/routes/api.py
+++ b/kjvstudy_org/routes/api.py
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ def init_templates(app_templates):
 
 
 @router.get("/")
-def api_index():
+async def api_index():
     """API index with links to documentation and available endpoints."""
     return {
         "name": "KJV Study API",
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ def api_index():
 
 
 @router.get("/health")
-def api_health_check():
+async def api_health_check():
     """API health check endpoint for monitoring and status verification."""
     return {
         "status": "healthy",
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ def api_health_check():
 
 
 @router.get("/search")
-def search_api(
+async def search_api(
     q: str = Query(..., description="Search query", example="faith"),
     limit: Optional[int] = Query(None, description="Max results", example=10)
 ):
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ def search_api(
 
 
 @router.get("/universal-search")
-def universal_search_api(
+async def universal_search_api(
     q: str = Query(..., description="Search query", example="love"),
     limit: int = Query(5, description="Max results per category", example=5)
 ):
@@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ def universal_search_api(
     summary="Get verse of the day",
     description="Returns a featured verse that changes daily"
 )
-def verse_of_the_day_api():
+async def verse_of_the_day_api():
     """API endpoint for verse of the day."""
     return get_daily_verse()
 
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ def verse_of_the_day_api():
         }
     }
 )
-def api_get_verse(
+async def api_get_verse(
     book: str = Path(..., description="Book name (supports abbreviations)", example="John"),
     chapter: int = Path(..., description="Chapter number", example=3, ge=1),
     verse: int = Path(..., description="Verse number", example=16, ge=1),
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ def api_get_verse(
         }
     }
 )
-def api_get_verse_range(
+async def api_get_verse_range(
     book: str = Path(..., description="Book name (supports abbreviations)", example="Psalms"),
     chapter: int = Path(..., description="Chapter number", example=23, ge=1),
     start: int = Path(..., description="Starting verse number", example=1, ge=1),
@@ -836,7 +836,7 @@ def api_get_verse_range(
 
 
 @router.get("/interlinear/{book}/{chapter}/{verse}")
-def api_get_interlinear(
+async def api_get_interlinear(
     book: str = Path(..., description="Book name", example="John"),
     chapter: int = Path(..., description="Chapter number", example=1),
     verse: int = Path(..., description="Verse number", example=1)
@@ -884,7 +884,7 @@ def api_get_interlinear(
 
 
 @router.get("/books")
-def api_get_books():
+async def api_get_books():
     """Get list of all Bible books with metadata."""
     books = bible.get_books()
 
@@ -921,7 +921,7 @@ def api_get_books():
 
 
 @router.get("/books/{book}")
-def api_get_book(book: str = Path(..., description="Book name", example="Genesis")):
+async def api_get_book(book: str = Path(..., description="Book name", example="Genesis")):
     """Get details about a specific book including introduction and study material."""
     canonical_name = normalize_book_name(book)
     if canonical_name:
@@ -1031,7 +1031,7 @@ async def api_book_pdf(book: str = Path(..., description="Book name", example="G
 
 
 @router.get("/books/{book}/chapters/{chapter}")
-def api_get_chapter(
+async def api_get_chapter(
     book: str = Path(..., description="Book name", example="Romans"),
     chapter: int = Path(..., description="Chapter number", example=8)
 ):
@@ -1114,7 +1114,7 @@ async def api_chapter_pdf(
 
 
 @router.get("/books/{book}/text")
-def api_get_book_text(book: str = Path(..., description="Book name", example="Philemon")):
+async def api_get_book_text(book: str = Path(..., description="Book name", example="Philemon")):
     """Get all text content of a book."""
     canonical_name = normalize_book_name(book)
     if canonical_name:
@@ -1149,7 +1149,7 @@ def api_get_book_text(book: str = Path(..., description="Book name", example="Ph
 
 
 @router.get("/bible")
-def api_get_bible():
+async def api_get_bible():
     """Get the entire Bible text."""
     books_data = {}
     for v in bible.iter_verses():
@@ -1186,7 +1186,7 @@ def api_get_bible():
 
 
 @router.get("/cross-references/{book}/{chapter}/{verse}")
-def api_get_cross_references(
+async def api_get_cross_references(
     book: str = Path(..., description="Book name", example="John"),
     chapter: int = Path(..., description="Chapter number", example=3),
     verse: int = Path(..., description="Verse number", example=16)
@@ -1212,7 +1212,7 @@ def api_get_cross_references(
 
 
 @router.get("/topics")
-def api_get_topics():
+async def api_get_topics():
     """Get list of all topics."""
     topics = get_all_topics()
 
@@ -1232,7 +1232,7 @@ def api_get_topics():
 
 
 @router.get("/topics/{topic_name}")
-def api_get_topic(topic_name: str = Path(..., description="Topic name", example="faith")):
+async def api_get_topic(topic_name: str = Path(..., description="Topic name", example="faith")):
     """Get details about a specific topic."""
     topic = get_topic(topic_name)
     if not topic:
@@ -1247,7 +1247,7 @@ def api_get_topic(topic_name: str = Path(..., description="Topic name", example=
 
 
 @router.get("/reading-plans")
-def api_get_reading_plans():
+async def api_get_reading_plans():
     """Get list of all reading plans."""
     plans = get_plan_summary()
 
@@ -1258,7 +1258,7 @@ def api_get_reading_plans():
 
 
 @router.get("/reading-plans/{plan_id}")
-def api_get_reading_plan(plan_id: str = Path(..., description="Reading plan ID", example="chronological")):
+async def api_get_reading_plan(plan_id: str = Path(..., description="Reading plan ID", example="chronological")):
     """Get details about a specific reading plan."""
     plan = get_plan(plan_id)
     if not plan:
@@ -1268,7 +1268,7 @@ def api_get_reading_plan(plan_id: str = Path(..., description="Reading plan ID",
 
 
 @router.get("/stories")
-def api_get_stories():
+async def api_get_stories():
     """Get list of all Bible stories organized by category."""
     categories = get_categories()
     story_count = get_story_count()
@@ -1306,7 +1306,7 @@ def api_get_stories():
 
 
 @router.get("/stories/{slug}")
-def api_get_story(slug: str = Path(..., description="Story slug", example="creation-of-the-world")):
+async def api_get_story(slug: str = Path(..., description="Story slug", example="creation-of-the-world")):
     """Get a specific Bible story by slug."""
     story = get_story_by_slug(slug)
     if not story:
@@ -1411,7 +1411,7 @@ async def api_story_kids_pdf(slug: str = Path(..., description="Story slug")):
     summary="List all resource categories",
     description="Get a list of all biblical resource categories (locations, angels, prophets, etc.)"
 )
-def api_list_resource_categories():
+async def api_list_resource_categories():
     """List all available resource categories."""
     def format_title(key: str) -> str:
         """Convert snake_case to Title Case."""
@@ -1477,7 +1477,7 @@ def api_list_resource_categories():
         }
     }
 )
-def api_get_resource_category(
+async def api_get_resource_category(
     category: str = Path(..., description="Resource category name", example="biblical_locations")
 ):
     """Get all items in a specific resource category."""
@@ -1551,7 +1551,7 @@ def api_get_resource_category(
         }
     }
 )
-def api_get_resource_item(
+async def api_get_resource_item(
     category: str = Path(..., description="Resource category name", example="biblical_locations"),
     slug: str = Path(..., description="Resource item slug", example="garden-of-eden")
 ):
@@ -1708,7 +1708,7 @@ async def api_get_resource_item_pdf(
     summary="List all red letter verses",
     description="Get a list of all verses containing the words of Jesus Christ (red letter edition). Supports filtering by book and pagination."
 )
-def api_list_red_letter_verses(
+async def api_list_red_letter_verses(
     book: Optional[str] = Query(None, description="Filter by book name", example="John"),
     limit: int = Query(50, description="Maximum number of verses to return", example=50, ge=1, le=500),
     offset: int = Query(0, description="Number of verses to skip", example=0, ge=0)
@@ -1775,7 +1775,7 @@ def api_list_red_letter_verses(
     summary="Get red letter statistics",
     description="Get statistics about verses containing the words of Jesus Christ, including counts by book and full vs. partial verses."
 )
-def api_red_letter_stats():
+async def api_red_letter_stats():
     """Get statistics about red letter verses in the Bible."""
     red_letter_data = load_red_letter_verses()
 
@@ -1815,7 +1815,7 @@ def api_red_letter_stats():
     summary="Get a random verse",
     description="Returns a random Bible verse. Optionally filter by testament (ot/nt) or specific book."
 )
-def api_random_verse(
+async def api_random_verse(
     testament: Optional[str] = Query(None, description="Filter by testament: 'ot' or 'nt'", example="nt"),
     book: Optional[str] = Query(None, description="Filter by book name", example="John")
 ):
@@ -1884,7 +1884,7 @@ def api_random_verse(
     summary="Get verse commentary",
     description="Get AI-generated theological commentary for a specific verse, including analysis, historical context, and reflection questions."
 )
-def api_get_verse_commentary(
+async def api_get_verse_commentary(
     book: str = Path(..., description="Book name", example="John"),
     chapter: int = Path(..., description="Chapter number", example=3),
     verse: int = Path(..., description="Verse number", example=16)
@@ -1937,7 +1937,7 @@ def api_get_verse_commentary(
     summary="Get chapter commentary",
     description="Get a brief explanation of what a chapter contains and why it's significant."
 )
-def api_get_chapter_commentary(
+async def api_get_chapter_commentary(
     book: str = Path(..., description="Book name", example="Genesis"),
     chapter: int = Path(..., description="Chapter number", example=1)
 ):
@@ -1976,7 +1976,7 @@ def api_get_chapter_commentary(
     summary="Bulk verse lookup",
     description="Fetch multiple verses in a single request. Provide an array of verse references like ['John 3:16', 'Romans 8:28']."
 )
-def api_bulk_verse_lookup(request: BulkVerseRequest):
+async def api_bulk_verse_lookup(request: BulkVerseRequest):
     """Look up multiple verses in a single request."""
     from ..kjv import VerseReference
 
@@ -2023,7 +2023,7 @@ def api_bulk_verse_lookup(request: BulkVerseRequest):
     summary="Get family tree statistics",
     description="Get comprehensive statistics about the biblical family tree from the GEDCOM genealogy data."
 )
-def api_family_tree_stats():
+async def api_family_tree_stats():
     """Get statistics about the biblical family tree from GEDCOM data."""
     from ..routes.family_tree import get_family_tree_data
     import re
@@ -2204,7 +2204,7 @@ def api_family_tree_stats():
     summary="List all biblical figures",
     description="Get a list of all people who have biographies in the family tree database."
 )
-def api_list_family_tree():
+async def api_list_family_tree():
     """List all people with biographies."""
     data = _load_biographies()
     biographies = data.get("biographies", {})
@@ -2223,7 +2223,7 @@ def api_list_family_tree():
     summary="Get biography of biblical figure",
     description="Get detailed biography including summary, significance, and key life events for a specific biblical figure."
 )
-def api_get_biography(
+async def api_get_biography(
     name: str = Path(..., description="Name of the person", example="Abraham")
 ):
     """Get biography of a specific person."""
@@ -2277,7 +2277,7 @@ def api_get_biography(
         404: {"description": "Strong's number not found"}
     }
 )
-def api_get_strongs(
+async def api_get_strongs(
     strongs_number: str = Path(
         ...,
         description="Strong's number (H1-H8674 for Hebrew, G1-G5624 for Greek)",
@@ -2322,7 +2322,7 @@ def api_get_strongs(
         }
     }
 )
-def api_search_strongs(
+async def api_search_strongs(
     q: str = Query(..., description="Search query", example="love"),
     language: str = Query(
         "both",
diff --git a/kjvstudy_org/routes/commentary.py b/kjvstudy_org/routes/commentary.py
index 3e2dd5b..d41b7a3 100644
--- a/kjvstudy_org/routes/commentary.py
+++ b/kjvstudy_org/routes/commentary.py
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ def get_verse_text(book, chapter, verse):
 
 
 @router.get("/commentary/{book}/{chapter}")
-def commentary_redirect(book: str, chapter: int):
+async def commentary_redirect(book: str, chapter: int):
     """Redirect old chapter commentary URLs to chapter page"""
     from fastapi.responses import RedirectResponse
     return RedirectResponse(url=f"/book/{book}/chapter/{chapter}", status_code=301)
diff --git a/kjvstudy_org/routes/family_tree.py b/kjvstudy_org/routes/family_tree.py
index ff4c447..214170f 100644
--- a/kjvstudy_org/routes/family_tree.py
+++ b/kjvstudy_org/routes/family_tree.py
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ def search_family_tree(query: str, limit: Optional[int] = None) -> List[Dict]:
 # ============================================================================
 
 @router.get("/family-tree", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def family_tree_page(request: Request):
+async def family_tree_page(request: Request):
     """Biblical family tree page using GEDCOM file."""
     family_tree_data, generations = get_family_tree_data()
 
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ def family_tree_page(request: Request):
 
 
 @router.get("/family-tree/generation/{gen_num}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def family_tree_generation_page(request: Request, gen_num: int):
+async def family_tree_generation_page(request: Request, gen_num: int):
     """Individual generation page."""
     gedcom_path = get_static_dir() / "adameve.ged"
 
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ def family_tree_generation_page(request: Request, gen_num: int):
 
 
 @router.get("/family-tree/person/{person_id}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def family_tree_person_page(request: Request, person_id: str):
+async def family_tree_person_page(request: Request, person_id: str):
     """Individual person page."""
     from ..biblical_biographies import get_biography
 
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ def family_tree_person_page(request: Request, person_id: str):
 
 
 @router.get("/family-tree/search", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def family_tree_search_page(request: Request, q: str = ""):
+async def family_tree_search_page(request: Request, q: str = ""):
     """Search the family tree."""
     gedcom_path = get_static_dir() / "adameve.ged"
 
@@ -574,7 +574,7 @@ def family_tree_search_page(request: Request, q: str = ""):
 
 
 @router.get("/family-tree/interactive", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def family_tree_interactive_page(request: Request):
+async def family_tree_interactive_page(request: Request):
     """Interactive D3.js-based family tree visualization."""
     family_tree_data, generations = get_family_tree_data()
 
@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ def family_tree_interactive_page(request: Request):
 
 
 @router.get("/family-tree/lineage", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def family_tree_lineage_page(request: Request):
+async def family_tree_lineage_page(request: Request):
     """Dedicated page for the Messianic lineage visualization."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ def family_tree_lineage_page(request: Request):
 
 
 @router.get("/family-tree/person/{person_id}/descendants", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def family_tree_descendants_page(request: Request, person_id: str):
+async def family_tree_descendants_page(request: Request, person_id: str):
     """View all descendants of a person."""
     family_tree_data, generations = get_family_tree_data()
 
@@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ def family_tree_descendants_page(request: Request, person_id: str):
 
 
 @router.get("/family-tree/person/{person_id}/ancestors", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def family_tree_ancestors_page(request: Request, person_id: str):
+async def family_tree_ancestors_page(request: Request, person_id: str):
     """View all ancestors of a person."""
     family_tree_data, generations = get_family_tree_data()
 
@@ -730,7 +730,7 @@ def family_tree_ancestors_page(request: Request, person_id: str):
 
 
 @router.get("/family-tree/lineage.svg")
-def family_tree_lineage_svg(request: Request):
+async def family_tree_lineage_svg(request: Request):
     """Generate SVG visualization of the Messianic lineage (Adam to Jesus)."""
     gedcom_path = get_static_dir() / "adameve.ged"
 
diff --git a/kjvstudy_org/routes/resources.py b/kjvstudy_org/routes/resources.py
index 282a4cf..3176c12 100644
--- a/kjvstudy_org/routes/resources.py
+++ b/kjvstudy_org/routes/resources.py
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ async def _resource_index_pdf_response(resource_data: dict, page_title: str, pag
 # BIBLICAL MAPS
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/biblical-maps", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def biblical_maps_page(request: Request):
+async def biblical_maps_page(request: Request):
     """Biblical maps page showing important biblical locations."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ def biblical_maps_page(request: Request):
 # BIBLICAL ANGELS
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/biblical-angels", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def biblical_angels_page(request: Request):
+async def biblical_angels_page(request: Request):
     """Biblical angels page exploring angels throughout Scripture."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ async def biblical_angels_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/biblical-angels/{angel_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def angel_detail(request: Request, angel_slug: str):
+async def angel_detail(request: Request, angel_slug: str):
     """Individual biblical angels detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ async def angel_detail_pdf(angel_slug: str):
 # BIBLICAL PROPHETS
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/biblical-prophets", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def biblical_prophets_page(request: Request):
+async def biblical_prophets_page(request: Request):
     """Biblical prophets page exploring the prophetic ministry throughout Scripture."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ async def biblical_prophets_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/biblical-prophets/{prophet_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def prophet_detail(request: Request, prophet_slug: str):
+async def prophet_detail(request: Request, prophet_slug: str):
     """Individual biblical prophets detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ async def prophet_detail_pdf(prophet_slug: str):
 # NAMES OF GOD
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/names-of-god", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def names_of_god_page(request: Request):
+async def names_of_god_page(request: Request):
     """Names of God page exploring divine names throughout Scripture."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ async def names_of_god_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/names-of-god/{name_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def name_of_god_detail(request: Request, name_slug: str):
+async def name_of_god_detail(request: Request, name_slug: str):
     """Individual name of God detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ async def name_of_god_detail_pdf(name_slug: str):
 # PARABLES
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/parables", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def parables_page(request: Request):
+async def parables_page(request: Request):
     """Parables of Jesus page."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ async def parables_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/parables/{parable_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def parable_detail(request: Request, parable_slug: str):
+async def parable_detail(request: Request, parable_slug: str):
     """Individual parable detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ async def parable_detail_pdf(parable_slug: str):
 # BIBLICAL COVENANTS
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/biblical-covenants", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def biblical_covenants_page(request: Request):
+async def biblical_covenants_page(request: Request):
     """Biblical covenants page."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ async def biblical_covenants_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/biblical-covenants/{covenant_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def covenant_detail(request: Request, covenant_slug: str):
+async def covenant_detail(request: Request, covenant_slug: str):
     """Individual covenant detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ async def covenant_detail_pdf(covenant_slug: str):
 # THE TWELVE APOSTLES
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/the-twelve-apostles", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def apostles_page(request: Request):
+async def apostles_page(request: Request):
     """The Twelve Apostles page."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ async def apostles_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/the-twelve-apostles/{apostle_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def apostle_detail(request: Request, apostle_slug: str):
+async def apostle_detail(request: Request, apostle_slug: str):
     """Individual apostle detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ async def apostle_detail_pdf(apostle_slug: str):
 # WOMEN OF THE BIBLE
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/women-of-the-bible", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def women_of_the_bible_page(request: Request):
+async def women_of_the_bible_page(request: Request):
     """Women of the Bible page."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ async def women_of_the_bible_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/women-of-the-bible/{woman_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def woman_detail(request: Request, woman_slug: str):
+async def woman_detail(request: Request, woman_slug: str):
     """Individual woman of the Bible detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ async def woman_detail_pdf(woman_slug: str):
 # BIBLICAL FESTIVALS
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/biblical-festivals", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def biblical_festivals_page(request: Request):
+async def biblical_festivals_page(request: Request):
     """Biblical festivals page."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ async def biblical_festivals_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/biblical-festivals/{festival_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def festival_detail(request: Request, festival_slug: str):
+async def festival_detail(request: Request, festival_slug: str):
     """Individual biblical festival detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ async def festival_detail_pdf(festival_slug: str):
 # FRUITS OF THE SPIRIT
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/fruits-of-the-spirit", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def fruits_of_the_spirit_page(request: Request):
+async def fruits_of_the_spirit_page(request: Request):
     """Fruits of the Spirit page."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -720,7 +720,7 @@ async def fruits_of_the_spirit_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/fruits-of-the-spirit/{fruit_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def fruit_detail(request: Request, fruit_slug: str):
+async def fruit_detail(request: Request, fruit_slug: str):
     """Individual fruit of the Spirit detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -790,7 +790,7 @@ TETRAGRAMMATON_CONTENT = {
 
 
 @router.get("/tetragrammaton", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def tetragrammaton_page(request: Request):
+async def tetragrammaton_page(request: Request):
     """The sacred Tetragrammaton - YHWH."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -831,7 +831,7 @@ async def tetragrammaton_pdf():
 # MIRACLES OF JESUS
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/miracles-of-jesus", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def miracles_page(request: Request):
+async def miracles_page(request: Request):
     """Miracles of Jesus page."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -864,7 +864,7 @@ async def miracles_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/miracles-of-jesus/{miracle_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def miracle_detail(request: Request, miracle_slug: str):
+async def miracle_detail(request: Request, miracle_slug: str):
     """Individual miracle detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -892,7 +892,7 @@ async def miracle_detail_pdf(miracle_slug: str):
 # PRAYERS OF THE BIBLE
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/prayers-of-the-bible", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def prayers_page(request: Request):
+async def prayers_page(request: Request):
     """Prayers of the Bible page."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -925,7 +925,7 @@ async def prayers_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/prayers-of-the-bible/{prayer_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def prayer_detail(request: Request, prayer_slug: str):
+async def prayer_detail(request: Request, prayer_slug: str):
     """Individual prayer detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -953,7 +953,7 @@ async def prayer_detail_pdf(prayer_slug: str):
 # THE BEATITUDES
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/beatitudes", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def beatitudes_page(request: Request):
+async def beatitudes_page(request: Request):
     """The Beatitudes page."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -986,7 +986,7 @@ async def beatitudes_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/beatitudes/{beatitude_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def beatitude_detail(request: Request, beatitude_slug: str):
+async def beatitude_detail(request: Request, beatitude_slug: str):
     """Individual beatitude detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -1014,7 +1014,7 @@ async def beatitude_detail_pdf(beatitude_slug: str):
 # THE TEN COMMANDMENTS
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/ten-commandments", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def ten_commandments_page(request: Request):
+async def ten_commandments_page(request: Request):
     """The Ten Commandments page."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -1047,7 +1047,7 @@ async def ten_commandments_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/ten-commandments/{commandment_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def commandment_detail(request: Request, commandment_slug: str):
+async def commandment_detail(request: Request, commandment_slug: str):
     """Individual commandment detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -1075,7 +1075,7 @@ async def commandment_detail_pdf(commandment_slug: str):
 # THE ARMOR OF GOD
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/armor-of-god", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def armor_of_god_page(request: Request):
+async def armor_of_god_page(request: Request):
     """The Armor of God page."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -1108,7 +1108,7 @@ async def armor_of_god_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/armor-of-god/{armor_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def armor_detail(request: Request, armor_slug: str):
+async def armor_detail(request: Request, armor_slug: str):
     """Individual armor piece detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -1136,7 +1136,7 @@ async def armor_detail_pdf(armor_slug: str):
 # I AM STATEMENTS OF JESUS
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/i-am-statements", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def i_am_statements_page(request: Request):
+async def i_am_statements_page(request: Request):
     """I Am Statements of Jesus page."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -1169,7 +1169,7 @@ async def i_am_statements_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/i-am-statements/{statement_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def i_am_statement_detail(request: Request, statement_slug: str):
+async def i_am_statement_detail(request: Request, statement_slug: str):
     """Individual I Am statement detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -1197,7 +1197,7 @@ async def i_am_statement_detail_pdf(statement_slug: str):
 # THE TRINITY
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/trinity", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def trinity_page(request: Request):
+async def trinity_page(request: Request):
     """The Trinity - doctrine of God page."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -1230,7 +1230,7 @@ async def trinity_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/trinity/{item_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def trinity_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
+async def trinity_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
     """Individual Trinity topic detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -1258,7 +1258,7 @@ async def trinity_detail_pdf(item_slug: str):
 # CHRISTOLOGY
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/christology", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def christology_page(request: Request):
+async def christology_page(request: Request):
     """Christology - the doctrine of Christ page."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -1291,7 +1291,7 @@ async def christology_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/christology/{item_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def christology_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
+async def christology_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
     """Individual Christology topic detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -1319,7 +1319,7 @@ async def christology_detail_pdf(item_slug: str):
 # SOTERIOLOGY
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/soteriology", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def soteriology_page(request: Request):
+async def soteriology_page(request: Request):
     """Soteriology - the doctrine of salvation page."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -1352,7 +1352,7 @@ async def soteriology_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/soteriology/{item_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def soteriology_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
+async def soteriology_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
     """Individual Soteriology topic detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -1380,7 +1380,7 @@ async def soteriology_detail_pdf(item_slug: str):
 # PNEUMATOLOGY
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/pneumatology", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def pneumatology_page(request: Request):
+async def pneumatology_page(request: Request):
     """Pneumatology - the doctrine of the Holy Spirit page."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -1413,7 +1413,7 @@ async def pneumatology_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/pneumatology/{item_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def pneumatology_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
+async def pneumatology_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
     """Individual Pneumatology topic detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -1441,7 +1441,7 @@ async def pneumatology_detail_pdf(item_slug: str):
 # ESCHATOLOGY
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/eschatology", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def eschatology_page(request: Request):
+async def eschatology_page(request: Request):
     """Eschatology - the doctrine of last things page."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -1474,7 +1474,7 @@ async def eschatology_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/eschatology/{item_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def eschatology_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
+async def eschatology_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
     """Individual Eschatology topic detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -1502,7 +1502,7 @@ async def eschatology_detail_pdf(item_slug: str):
 # ECCLESIOLOGY
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/ecclesiology", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def ecclesiology_page(request: Request):
+async def ecclesiology_page(request: Request):
     """Ecclesiology - the doctrine of the church page."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -1535,7 +1535,7 @@ async def ecclesiology_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/ecclesiology/{item_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def ecclesiology_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
+async def ecclesiology_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
     """Individual Ecclesiology topic detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -1563,7 +1563,7 @@ async def ecclesiology_detail_pdf(item_slug: str):
 # TYPES AND SHADOWS OF CHRIST
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/types-and-shadows", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def types_and_shadows_page(request: Request):
+async def types_and_shadows_page(request: Request):
     """Types and Shadows of Christ page."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -1596,7 +1596,7 @@ async def types_and_shadows_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/types-and-shadows/{item_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def types_and_shadows_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
+async def types_and_shadows_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
     """Individual Types and Shadows topic detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -1624,7 +1624,7 @@ async def types_and_shadows_detail_pdf(item_slug: str):
 # MESSIANIC PROPHECIES
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/messianic-prophecies", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def messianic_prophecies_page(request: Request):
+async def messianic_prophecies_page(request: Request):
     """Messianic Prophecies page."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -1657,7 +1657,7 @@ async def messianic_prophecies_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/messianic-prophecies/{item_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def messianic_prophecies_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
+async def messianic_prophecies_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
     """Individual Messianic Prophecy topic detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -1685,7 +1685,7 @@ async def messianic_prophecies_detail_pdf(item_slug: str):
 # THE BLOOD IN SCRIPTURE
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/blood-in-scripture", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def blood_in_scripture_page(request: Request):
+async def blood_in_scripture_page(request: Request):
     """The Blood in Scripture page."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -1718,7 +1718,7 @@ async def blood_in_scripture_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/blood-in-scripture/{item_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def blood_in_scripture_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
+async def blood_in_scripture_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
     """Individual Blood in Scripture topic detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -1746,7 +1746,7 @@ async def blood_in_scripture_detail_pdf(item_slug: str):
 # THE KINGDOM OF GOD
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/kingdom-of-god", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def kingdom_of_god_page(request: Request):
+async def kingdom_of_god_page(request: Request):
     """The Kingdom of God page."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -1779,7 +1779,7 @@ async def kingdom_of_god_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/kingdom-of-god/{item_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def kingdom_of_god_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
+async def kingdom_of_god_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
     """Individual Kingdom of God topic detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -1807,7 +1807,7 @@ async def kingdom_of_god_detail_pdf(item_slug: str):
 # NAMES AND TITLES OF CHRIST
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/names-of-christ", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def names_of_christ_page(request: Request):
+async def names_of_christ_page(request: Request):
     """Names and Titles of Christ page."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -1840,7 +1840,7 @@ async def names_of_christ_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/names-of-christ/{item_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def names_of_christ_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
+async def names_of_christ_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
     """Individual Names of Christ topic detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -1868,7 +1868,7 @@ async def names_of_christ_detail_pdf(item_slug: str):
 # SPIRITS AND DEMONS
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/spirits-and-demons", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def spirits_and_demons_page(request: Request):
+async def spirits_and_demons_page(request: Request):
     """Spirits and Demons - biblical demonology page."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -1901,7 +1901,7 @@ async def spirits_and_demons_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/spirits-and-demons/{item_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def spirits_and_demons_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
+async def spirits_and_demons_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
     """Individual Spirits and Demons topic detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -1929,7 +1929,7 @@ async def spirits_and_demons_detail_pdf(item_slug: str):
 # PERSONIFICATIONS IN SCRIPTURE
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/personifications", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def personifications_page(request: Request):
+async def personifications_page(request: Request):
     """Personifications in Scripture - abstract concepts given human form."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -1962,7 +1962,7 @@ async def personifications_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/personifications/{item_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def personifications_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
+async def personifications_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
     """Individual Personification topic detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -1990,7 +1990,7 @@ async def personifications_detail_pdf(item_slug: str):
 # BIBLIOLOGY - THE DOCTRINE OF SCRIPTURE
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/bibliology", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def bibliology_page(request: Request):
+async def bibliology_page(request: Request):
     """Bibliology - The Doctrine of Scripture."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -2023,7 +2023,7 @@ async def bibliology_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/bibliology/{item_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def bibliology_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
+async def bibliology_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
     """Individual Bibliology topic detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -2051,7 +2051,7 @@ async def bibliology_detail_pdf(item_slug: str):
 # THEOLOGY PROPER - THE ATTRIBUTES OF GOD
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/theology-proper", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def theology_proper_page(request: Request):
+async def theology_proper_page(request: Request):
     """Theology Proper - The Attributes of God."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -2084,7 +2084,7 @@ async def theology_proper_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/theology-proper/{item_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def theology_proper_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
+async def theology_proper_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
     """Individual Theology Proper topic detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -2112,7 +2112,7 @@ async def theology_proper_detail_pdf(item_slug: str):
 # ANTHROPOLOGY - THE DOCTRINE OF MAN
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/anthropology", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def anthropology_page(request: Request):
+async def anthropology_page(request: Request):
     """Anthropology - The Doctrine of Man."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -2145,7 +2145,7 @@ async def anthropology_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/anthropology/{item_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def anthropology_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
+async def anthropology_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
     """Individual Anthropology topic detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -2173,7 +2173,7 @@ async def anthropology_detail_pdf(item_slug: str):
 # HAMARTIOLOGY - THE DOCTRINE OF SIN
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/hamartiology", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def hamartiology_page(request: Request):
+async def hamartiology_page(request: Request):
     """Hamartiology - The Doctrine of Sin."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -2206,7 +2206,7 @@ async def hamartiology_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/hamartiology/{item_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def hamartiology_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
+async def hamartiology_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
     """Individual Hamartiology topic detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -2234,7 +2234,7 @@ async def hamartiology_detail_pdf(item_slug: str):
 # PROVIDENCE - DIVINE PROVIDENCE
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/providence", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def providence_page(request: Request):
+async def providence_page(request: Request):
     """Providence - Divine Providence."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -2267,7 +2267,7 @@ async def providence_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/providence/{item_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def providence_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
+async def providence_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
     """Individual Providence topic detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -2295,7 +2295,7 @@ async def providence_detail_pdf(item_slug: str):
 # GRACE - THE DOCTRINE OF GRACE
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/grace", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def grace_page(request: Request):
+async def grace_page(request: Request):
     """Grace - The Doctrine of Grace."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -2328,7 +2328,7 @@ async def grace_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/grace/{item_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def grace_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
+async def grace_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
     """Individual Grace topic detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -2356,7 +2356,7 @@ async def grace_detail_pdf(item_slug: str):
 # JUSTIFICATION - THE DOCTRINE OF JUSTIFICATION
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/justification", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def justification_page(request: Request):
+async def justification_page(request: Request):
     """Justification - The Doctrine of Justification."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -2389,7 +2389,7 @@ async def justification_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/justification/{item_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def justification_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
+async def justification_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
     """Individual Justification topic detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -2417,7 +2417,7 @@ async def justification_detail_pdf(item_slug: str):
 # SANCTIFICATION - THE DOCTRINE OF SANCTIFICATION
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/sanctification", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def sanctification_page(request: Request):
+async def sanctification_page(request: Request):
     """Sanctification - The Doctrine of Sanctification."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -2450,7 +2450,7 @@ async def sanctification_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/sanctification/{item_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def sanctification_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
+async def sanctification_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
     """Individual Sanctification topic detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -2478,7 +2478,7 @@ async def sanctification_detail_pdf(item_slug: str):
 # LAW AND GOSPEL
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/law-and-gospel", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def law_and_gospel_page(request: Request):
+async def law_and_gospel_page(request: Request):
     """Law and Gospel - The Doctrine of Law and Gospel."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -2511,7 +2511,7 @@ async def law_and_gospel_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/law-and-gospel/{item_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def law_and_gospel_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
+async def law_and_gospel_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
     """Individual Law and Gospel topic detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
@@ -2539,7 +2539,7 @@ async def law_and_gospel_detail_pdf(item_slug: str):
 # WORSHIP - THE DOCTRINE OF WORSHIP
 # ============================================================================
 @router.get("/worship", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def worship_page(request: Request):
+async def worship_page(request: Request):
     """Worship - The Doctrine of Worship."""
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
             request,
@@ -2572,7 +2572,7 @@ async def worship_page_pdf():
 
 
 @router.get("/worship/{item_slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def worship_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
+async def worship_detail(request: Request, item_slug: str):
     """Individual Worship topic detail page."""
     return _resource_detail_response(
         request,
diff --git a/kjvstudy_org/routes/stories.py b/kjvstudy_org/routes/stories.py
index e06d1ca..0f22a53 100644
--- a/kjvstudy_org/routes/stories.py
+++ b/kjvstudy_org/routes/stories.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def get_books():
 
 
 @router.get("/stories", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def stories_index(request: Request):
+async def stories_index(request: Request):
     """Bible stories index page - shows all categories and stories."""
     books = get_books()
     categories = get_categories()
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def stories_index(request: Request):
 
 
 @router.get("/stories/kids", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def stories_kids_index(request: Request):
+async def stories_kids_index(request: Request):
     """Bible stories index page for kids - shows all categories and kid-friendly stories."""
     books = get_books()
     categories = get_categories()
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ async def story_kids_pdf(request: Request, slug: str):
 
 
 @router.get("/stories/{slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def story_detail(request: Request, slug: str):
+async def story_detail(request: Request, slug: str):
     """Individual story page (adult version)."""
     books = get_books()
     story = get_story_by_slug(slug)
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ def story_detail(request: Request, slug: str):
 
 
 @router.get("/stories/{slug}/kids", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def story_kids(request: Request, slug: str):
+async def story_kids(request: Request, slug: str):
     """Individual story page (kids version)."""
     books = get_books()
     story = get_story_by_slug(slug)
diff --git a/kjvstudy_org/routes/study_guides.py b/kjvstudy_org/routes/study_guides.py
index 42dc749..261afc4 100644
--- a/kjvstudy_org/routes/study_guides.py
+++ b/kjvstudy_org/routes/study_guides.py
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ def _attach_verse_texts(guide: dict):
 
 
 @router.get("/study-guides", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def study_guides_page(request: Request):
+async def study_guides_page(request: Request):
     """Study guides main page"""
     books = get_books()
 
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ def study_guides_page(request: Request):
     )
 
 @router.get("/study-guides/{slug}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
-def study_guide_detail(request: Request, slug: str):
+async def study_guide_detail(request: Request, slug: str):
     """Individual study guide page"""
     books = get_books()
 
diff --git a/kjvstudy_org/routes/utility.py b/kjvstudy_org/routes/utility.py
index 95a11cd..1ecfba4 100644
--- a/kjvstudy_org/routes/utility.py
+++ b/kjvstudy_org/routes/utility.py
@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ STUDY_GUIDE_SLUGS = _slugs["study_guides"]
 
 
 @router.get("/health")
-def health_check():
+async def health_check():
     """Health check endpoint for monitoring"""
     return {"status": "healthy", "service": "kjv-study"}
 
 
 @router.get("/robots.txt", response_class=Response)
-def robots_txt():
+async def robots_txt():
     """Generate robots.txt for search engine crawlers"""
     robots_content = """User-agent: *
 Allow: /
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ Crawl-delay: 1
 
 
 @router.get("/sitemap.xml", response_class=Response)
-def sitemap_index():
+async def sitemap_index():
     """Sitemap index - references main sitemap and static verse sitemap"""
     base_url = "https://kjvstudy.org"
     current_date = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def sitemap_index():
 
 
 @router.get("/sitemap-verses.xml")
-def sitemap_verses():
+async def sitemap_verses():
     """Serve static verse sitemap (31,102 verses, generated once)"""
     # Check if file exists
     if not _VERSE_SITEMAP_PATH.exists():
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ def sitemap_verses():
 
 
 @router.get("/sitemap-main.xml", response_class=Response)
-def sitemap_main():
+async def sitemap_main():
     """Generate main sitemap with all dynamic URLs (cached daily)"""
     global _sitemap_cache, _sitemap_cache_date