from typing import List, Dict from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError class Pets(BaseModel): __root__: List[str] print(Pets.parse_obj(['dog', 'cat'])) print(Pets.parse_obj({'__root__': ['dog', 'cat']})) # not recommended class PetsByName(BaseModel): __root__: Dict[str, str] print(PetsByName.parse_obj({'Otis': 'dog', 'Milo': 'cat'})) try: PetsByName.parse_obj({'__root__': {'Otis': 'dog', 'Milo': 'cat'}}) except ValidationError as e: print(e)