from pydantic import validate_arguments, ValidationError @validate_arguments def repeat(s: str, count: int, *, separator: bytes = b'') -> bytes: b = s.encode() return separator.join(b for _ in range(count)) a = repeat('hello', 3) print(a) b = repeat('x', '4', separator=' ') print(b) try: c = repeat('hello', 'wrong') except ValidationError as exc: print(exc)