mirror of
https://github.com/kennethreitz/python-guide.git
synced 2026-06-05 14:50:19 +00:00
Christian Clauss
118 lines
4.0 KiB
ReStructuredText
118 lines
4.0 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _install3-linux:
|
|
|
|
|
|
############################
|
|
Installing Python 3 on Linux
|
|
############################
|
|
|
|
.. image:: /_static/photos/34435689480_2e6f358510_k_d.jpg
|
|
|
|
This document describes how to install Python 3.6 or 3.8 on Ubuntu Linux machines.
|
|
|
|
To see which version of Python 3 you have installed, open a command prompt and run
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
$ python3 --version
|
|
|
|
If you are using Ubuntu 16.10 or newer, then you can easily install Python 3.6 with the following commands::
|
|
|
|
$ sudo apt-get update
|
|
$ sudo apt-get install python3.6
|
|
|
|
If you're using another version of Ubuntu (e.g. the latest LTS release) or you want to use a more current Python, we recommend using the `deadsnakes PPA <https://launchpad.net/~deadsnakes/+archive/ubuntu/ppa>`_ to install Python 3.8::
|
|
|
|
$ sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
|
|
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
|
|
$ sudo apt-get update
|
|
$ sudo apt-get install python3.8
|
|
|
|
If you are using other Linux distribution, chances are you already have Python 3
|
|
pre-installed as well. If not, use your distribution's package manager.
|
|
For example on Fedora, you would use `dnf`:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
$ sudo dnf install python3
|
|
|
|
Note that if the version of the ``python3`` package is not recent enough
|
|
for you, there may be ways of installing more recent versions as well,
|
|
depending on you distribution. For example installing the ``python36`` package
|
|
on Fedora 25 to get Python 3.6. If you are a Fedora user, you might want
|
|
to read about `multiple Python versions available in Fedora`_.
|
|
|
|
.. _multiple Python versions available in Fedora: https://developer.fedoraproject.org/tech/languages/python/multiple-pythons.html
|
|
|
|
|
|
*********************
|
|
Working with Python 3
|
|
*********************
|
|
|
|
At this point, you may have system Python 2.7 available as well.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
$ python
|
|
|
|
This will launch the Python 2 interpreter.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
$ python3
|
|
|
|
This will launch the Python 3 interpreter.
|
|
|
|
|
|
****************
|
|
Setuptools & Pip
|
|
****************
|
|
|
|
The two most crucial third-party Python packages are `setuptools <https://pypi.org/project/setuptools>`_ and `pip <https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/>`_.
|
|
|
|
Once installed, you can download, install and uninstall any compliant Python software
|
|
product with a single command. It also enables you to add this network installation
|
|
capability to your own Python software with very little work.
|
|
|
|
Python 2.7.9 and later (on the python2 series), and Python 3.4 and later include
|
|
pip by default.
|
|
|
|
To see if pip is installed, open a command prompt and run
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
$ command -v pip
|
|
|
|
To install pip, `follow the official pip installation guide <https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/installing/>`_ - this will automatically install the latest version of setuptools.
|
|
|
|
Note that on some Linux distributions including Ubuntu and Fedora the ``pip``
|
|
command is meant for Python 2, while the ``pip3`` command is meant for Python 3.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
$ command -v pip3
|
|
|
|
However, when using virtual environments (described below), you don't need to
|
|
care about that.
|
|
|
|
|
|
*****************************
|
|
Pipenv & Virtual Environments
|
|
*****************************
|
|
|
|
The next step is to install Pipenv, so you can install dependencies and manage virtual environments.
|
|
|
|
A Virtual Environment is a tool to keep the dependencies required by different projects
|
|
in separate places, by creating virtual Python environments for them. It solves the
|
|
"Project X depends on version 1.x but, Project Y needs 4.x" dilemma, and keeps
|
|
your global site-packages directory clean and manageable.
|
|
|
|
For example, you can work on a project which requires Django 1.10 while also
|
|
maintaining a project which requires Django 1.8.
|
|
|
|
So, onward! To the :ref:`Pipenv & Virtual Environments <virtualenvironments-ref>` docs!
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------
|
|
|
|
This page is a remixed version of `another guide <https://www.stuartellis.name/articles/python-development-windows/>`_,
|
|
which is available under the same license.
|