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Chong Guo
106 lines
4.1 KiB
ReStructuredText
106 lines
4.1 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _install3-windows:
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Installing Python 3 on Windows
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==============================
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.. image:: https://farm5.staticflickr.com/4276/34435689480_2e6f358510_k_d.jpg
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First, download the `latest version <https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.3/python-3.6.3.exe>`_
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of Python 3.6 from the official website. If you want to be sure you are installing a fully
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up-to-date version, click the Downloads > Windows link from the home page of the
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`Python.org web site <http://python.org>`_ .
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By design, Python installs to a directory with the version number embedded,
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e.g. Python version 3.6 will install at :file:`C:\\Python36\\`, so that you can
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have multiple versions of Python on the
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same system without conflicts. Of course, only one interpreter can be the
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default application for Python file types. It also does not automatically
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modify the :envvar:`PATH` environment variable, so that you always have control over
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which copy of Python is run.
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Typing the full path name for a Python interpreter each time quickly gets
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tedious, so add the directories for your default Python version to the :envvar:`PATH`.
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Assuming that your Python installation is in :file:`C:\\Python36\\`, add this to your
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:envvar:`PATH`:
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.. code-block:: console
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C:\Python36\;C:\Python36\Scripts\
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You can do this easily by running the following in ``powershell``:
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.. code-block:: console
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[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path", "$env:Path;C:\Python36\;C:\Python36\Scripts\", "User")
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This is also an option during the installation process.
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The second (:file:`Scripts`) directory receives command files when certain
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packages are installed, so it is a very useful addition.
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You do not need to install or configure anything else to use Python. Having
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said that, I would strongly recommend that you install the tools and libraries
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described in the next section before you start building Python applications for
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real-world use. In particular, you should always install Setuptools, as it
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makes it much easier for you to use other third-party Python libraries.
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Working with Python 3
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---------------------
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At this point, you may also have Python 2.7 installed.
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.. code-block:: console
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$ python
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This will launch the Python 2 interpreter.
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.. code-block:: console
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$ python3
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This will launch the Python 3 interpreter.
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Setuptools + Pip
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----------------
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The most crucial third-party Python software of all is Setuptools, which
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extends the packaging and installation facilities provided by the distutils in
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the standard library. Once you add Setuptools to your Python system you can
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download and install any compliant Python software product with a single
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command. It also enables you to add this network installation capability to
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your own Python software with very little work.
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To obtain the latest version of Setuptools for Windows, run the Python script
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available here: `ez_setup.py <https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ez_setup.py>`_
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You'll now have a new command available to you: **easy_install**. It is
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considered by many to be deprecated, so we will install its replacement:
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**pip**. Pip allows for uninstallation of packages, and is actively maintained,
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unlike easy_install.
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To install pip, run the Python script available here:
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`get-pip.py <https://raw.github.com/pypa/pip/master/contrib/get-pip.py>`_
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Pipenv & Virtual Environments
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-----------------------------
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The next step is to install Pipenv, so you can install dependencies and manage virtual environments.
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A Virtual Environment is a tool to keep the dependencies required by different projects
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in separate places, by creating virtual Python environments for them. It solves the
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"Project X depends on version 1.x but, Project Y needs 4.x" dilemma, and keeps
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your global site-packages directory clean and manageable.
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For example, you can work on a project which requires Django 1.10 while also
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maintaining a project which requires Django 1.8.
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So, onward! To the :ref:`Pipenv & Virtual Environments <virtualenvironments-ref>` docs!
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--------------------------------
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This page is a remixed version of `another guide <http://www.stuartellis.eu/articles/python-development-windows/>`_,
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which is available under the same license.
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