mirror of
https://github.com/kennethreitz/python-guide.git
synced 2026-06-05 23:00:18 +00:00
Kenneth Reitz
140 lines
3.7 KiB
ReStructuredText
140 lines
3.7 KiB
ReStructuredText
Web Applications
|
|
================
|
|
|
|
|
|
Context
|
|
:::::::
|
|
|
|
|
|
WSGI
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
The Web Server Gateway Interface (or "WSGI" for short) is a standard
|
|
interface between web servers and Python web application frameworks. By
|
|
standardizing behavior and communication between web servers and Python web
|
|
frameworks, WSGI makes it possible to write portable Python web code that
|
|
can be deployed in any `WSGI-compliant web server <#servers>`_. WSGI is
|
|
documented in `PEP-3333 <http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3333/>`_.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Frameworks
|
|
::::::::::
|
|
|
|
Broadly speaking, a web framework is a set of libraries upon which you can
|
|
build custom code to implement a web application (i.e. an interactive web
|
|
site). Most web frameworks include patterns and utilities to accomplish at
|
|
least the following:
|
|
|
|
URL Routing
|
|
Matches an incoming HTTP request to a particular piece of Python code to
|
|
be invoked
|
|
|
|
Request and Response Objects
|
|
Encapsulate the information received from or sent to a user's browser
|
|
|
|
Template Engine
|
|
Allows for separating Python code implementing an application's logic from
|
|
the HTML (or other) output that it produces
|
|
|
|
Development Web Server
|
|
Runs an HTTP server on development machines to enable rapid development;
|
|
often automatically reloads server-side code when files are updated
|
|
|
|
|
|
Django
|
|
------
|
|
|
|
`Django <http://www.djangoproject.com>`_ is a "batteries included" web
|
|
application framework. By providing many utilities and patterns out of the
|
|
box, Django aims to make it possible to build complex, database-backed web
|
|
applications quickly, while encouraging best practices in code written using
|
|
it.
|
|
|
|
Django has a large and active community, and many pre-built `re-usable
|
|
modules <http://djangopackages.com/>`_ that can be incorporated into a new
|
|
project as-is, or customized to fit your needs.
|
|
|
|
There are annual Django conferences `in the United States
|
|
<http://djangocon.us>`_ and `in Europe <http://djangocon.eu>`_.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Flask
|
|
-----
|
|
|
|
`Flask <http://flask.pocoo.org/>`_ is a "microframework" for Python. Rather
|
|
than aiming to provide everything you could possibly need, Flask implements
|
|
the most commonly-used core components of a web application framework, like
|
|
URL routing, request and response objects, and templates. As a user of
|
|
Flask, it is therefore up to you to choose and integrate other components
|
|
you may need, such as database access or form generation and validation. For
|
|
many popular modules, `Extensions <http://flask.pocoo.org/extensions/>`_ may
|
|
already exist to suit your needs.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pyramid
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
|
|
Servers
|
|
:::::::
|
|
|
|
Apache + mod_wsgi
|
|
-----------------
|
|
|
|
Apache + mod_python
|
|
-------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nginx + gunicorn
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
Mongrel2 + Brubeck
|
|
------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mongrel2 + wsgid
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
Mongrel2 is an application, language, and network architecture agnostic web server. It uses a high performance queue (zeromq) to communicate
|
|
with you applications, all asynchronously. There is a well defined protocol to be used between mongrel2 and a backend handler (your app).
|
|
|
|
Wsgid is a generic mongrel2 handler that speaks both mongrel2 protocol and WSGI. This makes it possible to run your python webapp written with any
|
|
WSGI compliant framework. Wsgid has built-in Django support but has also a generic way to load your WSGI application object directly. It's possible
|
|
to add support for other frameworks through wsgid's pluggable Apploading interface.
|
|
|
|
To know more about mongrel2 and wsgid go to: http://mongrel2.org and http://wsgid.com
|
|
|
|
There is also a tutorial about deploying Django using this stack: http://daltonmatos.wordpress.com/2011/11/06/deploying-your-django-application-with-mongrel2-and-wsgid/
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hosting
|
|
:::::::
|
|
|
|
Heroku
|
|
------
|
|
|
|
DotCloud
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
gondor.io
|
|
---------
|
|
|
|
ep.io
|
|
-----
|
|
|
|
Gondor
|
|
------
|
|
|
|
Heroku
|
|
------
|
|
|
|
WebFaction
|
|
-----------
|
|
|
|
|
|
Twisted
|
|
:::::::
|
|
|
|
|
|
Node.js.
|