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Ben Norquist
137 lines
4.4 KiB
ReStructuredText
137 lines
4.4 KiB
ReStructuredText
:orphan: This article should not be added to a toctree for now
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.. _install3-osx:
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Installing Python 3 on Mac OS X
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===============================
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.. image:: https://farm5.staticflickr.com/4276/34435689480_2e6f358510_k_d.jpg
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The latest version of Mac OS X, High Sierra, **comes with Python 2.7 out of the box**.
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You do not need to install or configure anything else to use Python 2. These
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instructions document the installation of Python 3.
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The version of Python that ships with OS X is great for learning, but it's not
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good for development. The version shipped with OS X may be out of date from the
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`official current Python release <https://www.python.org/downloads/mac-osx/>`_,
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which is considered the stable production version.
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Doing it Right
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--------------
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Let's install a real version of Python.
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Before installing Python, you'll need to install GCC. GCC can be obtained
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by downloading `XCode <http://developer.apple.com/xcode/>`_, the smaller
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`Command Line Tools <https://developer.apple.com/downloads/>`_ (must have an
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Apple account) or the even smaller `OSX-GCC-Installer <https://github.com/kennethreitz/osx-gcc-installer#readme>`_
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package.
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.. note::
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If you already have XCode installed, do not install OSX-GCC-Installer.
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In combination, the software can cause issues that are difficult to
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diagnose.
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.. note::
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If you perform a fresh install of XCode, you will also need to add the
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commandline tools by running ``xcode-select --install`` on the terminal.
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While OS X comes with a large number of UNIX utilities, those familiar with
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Linux systems will notice one key component missing: a package manager.
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`Homebrew <http://brew.sh>`_ fills this void.
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To `install Homebrew <http://brew.sh/#install>`_, open :file:`Terminal` or
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your favorite OSX terminal emulator and run
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.. code-block:: console
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$ ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
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The script will explain what changes it will make and prompt you before the
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installation begins.
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Once you've installed Homebrew, insert the Homebrew directory at the top
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of your :envvar:`PATH` environment variable. You can do this by adding the following
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line at the bottom of your :file:`~/.profile` file
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.. code-block:: console
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export PATH="/usr/local/opt/python/libexec/bin:$PATH"
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If you have OS X 10.12 (Sierra) or older use this line instead
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.. code-block:: console
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export PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:$PATH
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Now, we can install Python 3:
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.. code-block:: console
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$ brew install python
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This will take a minute or two.
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Pip
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---
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Homebrew installs ``pip`` pointing to the Homebrew'd Python 3 for you.
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Working with Python 3
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---------------------
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At this point, you have the system Python 2.7 available, potentially the
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:ref:`Homebrew version of Python 2 <install-osx>` installed, and the Homebrew
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version of Python 3 as well.
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.. code-block:: console
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$ python
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will launch the homebrew-installed Python 3 interpreter.
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.. code-block:: console
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$ python2
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will launch the homebrew-installed Python 2 interpreter (if any).
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.. code-block:: console
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$ python3
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will launch the homebrew-installed Python 3 interpreter.
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If the Homebrew version of Python 2 is installed then ``pip2`` will point to Python 2.
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If the Homebrew version of Python 3 is installed then ``pip`` will point to Python 3.
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The rest of the guide will assume that ``python`` references Python 3.
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.. code-block:: console
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# Do I have a Python 3 installed?
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$ python --version
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Python 3.6.4 # Success!
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# If you still see 2.7 ensure in PATH /usr/local/bin/ takes precedence over /usr/bin/
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Pipenv & Virtual Environments
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-----------------------------
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The next step is to install Pipenv, so you can install dependencies and manage virtual environments.
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A Virtual Environment is a tool to keep the dependencies required by different projects
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in separate places, by creating virtual Python environments for them. It solves the
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"Project X depends on version 1.x but, Project Y needs 4.x" dilemma, and keeps
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your global site-packages directory clean and manageable.
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For example, you can work on a project which requires Django 1.10 while also
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maintaining a project which requires Django 1.8.
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So, onward! To the :ref:`Pipenv & Virtual Environments <virtualenvironments-ref>` docs!
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--------------------------------
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This page is a remixed version of `another guide <http://www.stuartellis.eu/articles/python-development-windows/>`_,
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which is available under the same license.
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