mirror of
https://github.com/kennethreitz/requests3.git
synced 2026-06-05 23:10:16 +00:00
Robert Estelle
ee90f0af60
This prevents e.g. modifying the headers of a copied request from affecting the headers of its source and vice versa. Copying is used with the intent to mutuate, so allowing this kind of mutation of fields makes sense. Is a deep copy better?
726 lines
23 KiB
Python
726 lines
23 KiB
Python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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"""
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requests.models
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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This module contains the primary objects that power Requests.
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"""
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import collections
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import logging
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import datetime
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from io import BytesIO
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from .hooks import default_hooks
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from .structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
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from .auth import HTTPBasicAuth
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from .cookies import cookiejar_from_dict, get_cookie_header
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from .packages.urllib3.filepost import encode_multipart_formdata
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from .packages.urllib3.util import parse_url
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from .exceptions import HTTPError, RequestException, MissingSchema, InvalidURL
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from .utils import (
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guess_filename, get_auth_from_url, requote_uri,
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stream_decode_response_unicode, to_key_val_list, parse_header_links,
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iter_slices, guess_json_utf, super_len)
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from .compat import (
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cookielib, urlunparse, urlsplit, urlencode, str, bytes, StringIO,
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is_py2, chardet, json, builtin_str, basestring)
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from copy import copy as shallowcopy
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CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE = 10 * 1024
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ITER_CHUNK_SIZE = 512
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log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
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class RequestEncodingMixin(object):
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@property
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def path_url(self):
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"""Build the path URL to use."""
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url = []
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p = urlsplit(self.url)
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path = p.path
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if not path:
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path = '/'
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url.append(path)
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query = p.query
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if query:
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url.append('?')
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url.append(query)
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return ''.join(url)
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@staticmethod
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def _encode_params(data):
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"""Encode parameters in a piece of data.
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Will successfully encode parameters when passed as a dict or a list of
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2-tuples. Order is retained if data is a list of 2-tuples but arbitrary
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if parameters are supplied as a dict.
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"""
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if isinstance(data, (str, bytes)):
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return data
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elif hasattr(data, 'read'):
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return data
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elif hasattr(data, '__iter__'):
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result = []
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for k, vs in to_key_val_list(data):
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if isinstance(vs, basestring) or not hasattr(vs, '__iter__'):
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vs = [vs]
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for v in vs:
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if v is not None:
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result.append(
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(k.encode('utf-8') if isinstance(k, str) else k,
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v.encode('utf-8') if isinstance(v, str) else v))
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return urlencode(result, doseq=True)
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else:
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return data
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@staticmethod
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def _encode_files(files, data):
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"""Build the body for a multipart/form-data request.
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Will successfully encode files when passed as a dict or a list of
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2-tuples. Order is retained if data is a list of 2-tuples but abritrary
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if parameters are supplied as a dict.
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"""
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if (not files) or isinstance(data, str):
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return None
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new_fields = []
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fields = to_key_val_list(data or {})
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files = to_key_val_list(files or {})
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for field, val in fields:
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if isinstance(val, basestring) or not hasattr(val, '__iter__'):
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val = [val]
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for v in val:
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if v is not None:
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new_fields.append(
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(field.decode('utf-8') if isinstance(field, bytes) else field,
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v.encode('utf-8') if isinstance(v, str) else v))
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for (k, v) in files:
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# support for explicit filename
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ft = None
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if isinstance(v, (tuple, list)):
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if len(v) == 2:
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fn, fp = v
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else:
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fn, fp, ft = v
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else:
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fn = guess_filename(v) or k
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fp = v
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if isinstance(fp, str):
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fp = StringIO(fp)
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if isinstance(fp, bytes):
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fp = BytesIO(fp)
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if ft:
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new_v = (fn, fp.read(), ft)
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else:
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new_v = (fn, fp.read())
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new_fields.append((k, new_v))
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body, content_type = encode_multipart_formdata(new_fields)
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return body, content_type
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class RequestHooksMixin(object):
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def register_hook(self, event, hook):
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"""Properly register a hook."""
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if isinstance(hook, collections.Callable):
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self.hooks[event].append(hook)
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elif hasattr(hook, '__iter__'):
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self.hooks[event].extend(h for h in hook if isinstance(h, collections.Callable))
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def deregister_hook(self, event, hook):
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"""Deregister a previously registered hook.
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Returns True if the hook existed, False if not.
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"""
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try:
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self.hooks[event].remove(hook)
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return True
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except ValueError:
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return False
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class Request(RequestHooksMixin):
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"""A user-created :class:`Request <Request>` object.
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Used to prepare a :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>`, which is sent to the server.
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:param method: HTTP method to use.
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:param url: URL to send.
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:param headers: dictionary of headers to send.
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:param files: dictionary of {filename: fileobject} files to multipart upload.
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:param data: the body to attach the request. If a dictionary is provided, form-encoding will take place.
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:param params: dictionary of URL parameters to append to the URL.
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:param auth: Auth handler or (user, pass) tuple.
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:param cookies: dictionary or CookieJar of cookies to attach to this request.
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:param hooks: dictionary of callback hooks, for internal usage.
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Usage::
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>>> import requests
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>>> req = requests.Request('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/get')
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>>> req.prepare()
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<PreparedRequest [GET]>
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"""
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def __init__(self,
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method=None,
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url=None,
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headers=None,
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files=None,
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data=dict(),
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params=dict(),
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auth=None,
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cookies=None,
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hooks=None):
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# Default empty dicts for dict params.
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data = [] if data is None else data
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files = [] if files is None else files
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headers = {} if headers is None else headers
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params = {} if params is None else params
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hooks = {} if hooks is None else hooks
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self.hooks = default_hooks()
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for (k, v) in list(hooks.items()):
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self.register_hook(event=k, hook=v)
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self.method = method
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self.url = url
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self.headers = headers
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self.files = files
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self.data = data
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self.params = params
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self.auth = auth
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self.cookies = cookies
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self.hooks = hooks
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def __repr__(self):
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return '<Request [%s]>' % (self.method)
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def copy(self):
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return Request(
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method = self.method,
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url = self.url,
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auth = self.auth,
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# Copy mutable dict/list parameters so that altering one request
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# does not alter the copy.
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headers = shallowcopy(self.headers),
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params = shallowcopy(self.params),
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cookies = shallowcopy(self.cookies),
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hooks = shallowcopy(self.hooks),
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files = shallowcopy(self.files),
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data = shallowcopy(self.data),
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)
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def prepare(self):
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"""Constructs a :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` for transmission and returns it."""
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p = PreparedRequest()
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p.prepare_method(self.method)
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p.prepare_url(self.url, self.params)
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p.prepare_headers(self.headers)
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p.prepare_cookies(self.cookies)
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p.prepare_body(self.data, self.files)
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p.prepare_auth(self.auth, self.url)
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# Note that prepare_auth must be last to enable authentication schemes
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# such as OAuth to work on a fully prepared request.
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# This MUST go after prepare_auth. Authenticators could add a hook
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p.prepare_hooks(self.hooks)
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return p
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class PreparedRequest(RequestEncodingMixin, RequestHooksMixin):
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"""The fully mutable :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` object,
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containing the exact bytes that will be sent to the server.
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Generated from either a :class:`Request <Request>` object or manually.
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Usage::
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>>> import requests
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>>> req = requests.Request('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/get')
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>>> r = req.prepare()
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<PreparedRequest [GET]>
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>>> s = requests.Session()
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>>> s.send(r)
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<Response [200]>
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"""
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def __init__(self):
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#: HTTP verb to send to the server.
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self.method = None
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#: HTTP URL to send the request to.
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self.url = None
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#: dictionary of HTTP headers.
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self.headers = None
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#: request body to send to the server.
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self.body = None
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#: dictionary of callback hooks, for internal usage.
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self.hooks = default_hooks()
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def __repr__(self):
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return '<PreparedRequest [%s]>' % (self.method)
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def copy(self):
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p = PreparedRequest()
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p.method = self.method
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p.url = self.url
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p.headers = self.headers
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p.body = self.body
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p.hooks = self.hooks
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return p
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def prepare_method(self, method):
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"""Prepares the given HTTP method."""
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self.method = method
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if self.method is not None:
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self.method = self.method.upper()
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def prepare_url(self, url, params):
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"""Prepares the given HTTP URL."""
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#: Accept objects that have string representations.
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try:
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url = unicode(url)
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except NameError:
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# We're on Python 3.
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url = str(url)
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except UnicodeDecodeError:
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pass
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# Support for unicode domain names and paths.
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scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment = parse_url(url)
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if not scheme:
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raise MissingSchema("Invalid URL %r: No schema supplied" % url)
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if not host:
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raise InvalidURL("Invalid URL %r: No host supplied" % url)
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# Only want to apply IDNA to the hostname
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try:
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host = host.encode('idna').decode('utf-8')
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except UnicodeError:
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raise InvalidURL('URL has an invalid label.')
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# Carefully reconstruct the network location
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netloc = auth or ''
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if netloc:
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netloc += '@'
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netloc += host
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if port:
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netloc += ':' + str(port)
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# Bare domains aren't valid URLs.
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if not path:
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path = '/'
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if is_py2:
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if isinstance(scheme, str):
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scheme = scheme.encode('utf-8')
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if isinstance(netloc, str):
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netloc = netloc.encode('utf-8')
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if isinstance(path, str):
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path = path.encode('utf-8')
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if isinstance(query, str):
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query = query.encode('utf-8')
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if isinstance(fragment, str):
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fragment = fragment.encode('utf-8')
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enc_params = self._encode_params(params)
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if enc_params:
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if query:
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query = '%s&%s' % (query, enc_params)
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else:
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query = enc_params
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url = requote_uri(urlunparse([scheme, netloc, path, None, query, fragment]))
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self.url = url
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def prepare_headers(self, headers):
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"""Prepares the given HTTP headers."""
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if headers:
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headers = dict((name.encode('ascii'), value) for name, value in headers.items())
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self.headers = CaseInsensitiveDict(headers)
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else:
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self.headers = CaseInsensitiveDict()
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def prepare_body(self, data, files):
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"""Prepares the given HTTP body data."""
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# Check if file, fo, generator, iterator.
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# If not, run through normal process.
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# Nottin' on you.
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body = None
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content_type = None
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length = None
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is_stream = all([
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hasattr(data, '__iter__'),
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not isinstance(data, basestring),
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not isinstance(data, list),
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not isinstance(data, dict)
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])
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try:
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length = super_len(data)
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except (TypeError, AttributeError):
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length = None
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if is_stream:
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body = data
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if files:
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raise NotImplementedError('Streamed bodies and files are mutually exclusive.')
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if length is not None:
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self.headers['Content-Length'] = str(length)
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else:
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self.headers['Transfer-Encoding'] = 'chunked'
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# Check if file, fo, generator, iterator.
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# If not, run through normal process.
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else:
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# Multi-part file uploads.
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if files:
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(body, content_type) = self._encode_files(files, data)
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else:
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if data:
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body = self._encode_params(data)
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if isinstance(data, str) or isinstance(data, builtin_str) or hasattr(data, 'read'):
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content_type = None
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else:
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content_type = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
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self.prepare_content_length(body)
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# Add content-type if it wasn't explicitly provided.
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if (content_type) and (not 'content-type' in self.headers):
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self.headers['Content-Type'] = content_type
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self.body = body
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def prepare_content_length(self, body):
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if hasattr(body, 'seek') and hasattr(body, 'tell'):
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body.seek(0, 2)
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self.headers['Content-Length'] = str(body.tell())
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body.seek(0, 0)
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elif body is not None:
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l = super_len(body)
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if l:
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self.headers['Content-Length'] = str(l)
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elif self.method not in ('GET', 'HEAD'):
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self.headers['Content-Length'] = '0'
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def prepare_auth(self, auth, url=''):
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"""Prepares the given HTTP auth data."""
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# If no Auth is explicitly provided, extract it from the URL first.
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if auth is None:
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url_auth = get_auth_from_url(self.url)
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auth = url_auth if any(url_auth) else None
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if auth:
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if isinstance(auth, tuple) and len(auth) == 2:
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# special-case basic HTTP auth
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auth = HTTPBasicAuth(*auth)
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# Allow auth to make its changes.
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r = auth(self)
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# Update self to reflect the auth changes.
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self.__dict__.update(r.__dict__)
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# Recompute Content-Length
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self.prepare_content_length(self.body)
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def prepare_cookies(self, cookies):
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"""Prepares the given HTTP cookie data."""
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if isinstance(cookies, cookielib.CookieJar):
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cookies = cookies
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else:
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cookies = cookiejar_from_dict(cookies)
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if 'cookie' not in self.headers:
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cookie_header = get_cookie_header(cookies, self)
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if cookie_header is not None:
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self.headers['Cookie'] = cookie_header
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def prepare_hooks(self, hooks):
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"""Prepares the given hooks."""
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for event in hooks:
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self.register_hook(event, hooks[event])
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class Response(object):
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"""The :class:`Response <Response>` object, which contains a
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server's response to an HTTP request.
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"""
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def __init__(self):
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super(Response, self).__init__()
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self._content = False
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self._content_consumed = False
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#: Integer Code of responded HTTP Status.
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self.status_code = None
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#: Case-insensitive Dictionary of Response Headers.
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#: For example, ``headers['content-encoding']`` will return the
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#: value of a ``'Content-Encoding'`` response header.
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self.headers = CaseInsensitiveDict()
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#: File-like object representation of response (for advanced usage).
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#: Requires that ``stream=True` on the request.
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# This requirement does not apply for use internally to Requests.
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self.raw = None
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#: Final URL location of Response.
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self.url = None
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#: Encoding to decode with when accessing r.text.
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self.encoding = None
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#: A list of :class:`Response <Response>` objects from
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#: the history of the Request. Any redirect responses will end
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#: up here. The list is sorted from the oldest to the most recent request.
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self.history = []
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self.reason = None
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#: A CookieJar of Cookies the server sent back.
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self.cookies = cookiejar_from_dict({})
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#: The amount of time elapsed between sending the request
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#: and the arrival of the response (as a timedelta)
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self.elapsed = datetime.timedelta(0)
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def __repr__(self):
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return '<Response [%s]>' % (self.status_code)
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def __bool__(self):
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"""Returns true if :attr:`status_code` is 'OK'."""
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return self.ok
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def __nonzero__(self):
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"""Returns true if :attr:`status_code` is 'OK'."""
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return self.ok
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def __iter__(self):
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"""Allows you to use a response as an iterator."""
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return self.iter_content(128)
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@property
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def ok(self):
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try:
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self.raise_for_status()
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except RequestException:
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return False
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return True
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@property
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def apparent_encoding(self):
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"""The apparent encoding, provided by the lovely Charade library
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(Thanks, Ian!)."""
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return chardet.detect(self.content)['encoding']
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def iter_content(self, chunk_size=1, decode_unicode=False):
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"""Iterates over the response data. When stream=True is set on the
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request, this avoids reading the content at once into memory for
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large responses. The chunk size is the number of bytes it should
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read into memory. This is not necessarily the length of each item
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returned as decoding can take place.
|
|
"""
|
|
if self._content_consumed:
|
|
# simulate reading small chunks of the content
|
|
return iter_slices(self._content, chunk_size)
|
|
|
|
def generate():
|
|
try:
|
|
# Special case for urllib3.
|
|
for chunk in self.raw.stream(chunk_size, decode_content=True):
|
|
yield chunk
|
|
except AttributeError:
|
|
# Standard file-like object.
|
|
while 1:
|
|
chunk = self.raw.read(chunk_size)
|
|
if not chunk:
|
|
break
|
|
yield chunk
|
|
|
|
self._content_consumed = True
|
|
|
|
gen = generate()
|
|
|
|
if decode_unicode:
|
|
gen = stream_decode_response_unicode(gen, self)
|
|
|
|
return gen
|
|
|
|
def iter_lines(self, chunk_size=ITER_CHUNK_SIZE, decode_unicode=None):
|
|
"""Iterates over the response data, one line at a time. When
|
|
stream=True is set on the request, this avoids reading the
|
|
content at once into memory for large responses.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
pending = None
|
|
|
|
for chunk in self.iter_content(chunk_size=chunk_size,
|
|
decode_unicode=decode_unicode):
|
|
|
|
if pending is not None:
|
|
chunk = pending + chunk
|
|
lines = chunk.splitlines()
|
|
|
|
if lines and lines[-1] and chunk and lines[-1][-1] == chunk[-1]:
|
|
pending = lines.pop()
|
|
else:
|
|
pending = None
|
|
|
|
for line in lines:
|
|
yield line
|
|
|
|
if pending is not None:
|
|
yield pending
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def content(self):
|
|
"""Content of the response, in bytes."""
|
|
|
|
if self._content is False:
|
|
# Read the contents.
|
|
try:
|
|
if self._content_consumed:
|
|
raise RuntimeError(
|
|
'The content for this response was already consumed')
|
|
|
|
if self.status_code == 0:
|
|
self._content = None
|
|
else:
|
|
self._content = bytes().join(self.iter_content(CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE)) or bytes()
|
|
|
|
except AttributeError:
|
|
self._content = None
|
|
|
|
self._content_consumed = True
|
|
# don't need to release the connection; that's been handled by urllib3
|
|
# since we exhausted the data.
|
|
return self._content
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def text(self):
|
|
"""Content of the response, in unicode.
|
|
|
|
if Response.encoding is None and chardet module is available, encoding
|
|
will be guessed.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
# Try charset from content-type
|
|
content = None
|
|
encoding = self.encoding
|
|
|
|
if not self.content:
|
|
return str('')
|
|
|
|
# Fallback to auto-detected encoding.
|
|
if self.encoding is None:
|
|
encoding = self.apparent_encoding
|
|
|
|
# Decode unicode from given encoding.
|
|
try:
|
|
content = str(self.content, encoding, errors='replace')
|
|
except (LookupError, TypeError):
|
|
# A LookupError is raised if the encoding was not found which could
|
|
# indicate a misspelling or similar mistake.
|
|
#
|
|
# A TypeError can be raised if encoding is None
|
|
#
|
|
# So we try blindly encoding.
|
|
content = str(self.content, errors='replace')
|
|
|
|
return content
|
|
|
|
def json(self, **kwargs):
|
|
"""Returns the json-encoded content of a response, if any.
|
|
|
|
:param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``json.loads`` takes.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
if not self.encoding and len(self.content) > 3:
|
|
# No encoding set. JSON RFC 4627 section 3 states we should expect
|
|
# UTF-8, -16 or -32. Detect which one to use; If the detection or
|
|
# decoding fails, fall back to `self.text` (using chardet to make
|
|
# a best guess).
|
|
encoding = guess_json_utf(self.content)
|
|
if encoding is not None:
|
|
return json.loads(self.content.decode(encoding), **kwargs)
|
|
return json.loads(self.text or self.content, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def links(self):
|
|
"""Returns the parsed header links of the response, if any."""
|
|
|
|
header = self.headers.get('link')
|
|
|
|
# l = MultiDict()
|
|
l = {}
|
|
|
|
if header:
|
|
links = parse_header_links(header)
|
|
|
|
for link in links:
|
|
key = link.get('rel') or link.get('url')
|
|
l[key] = link
|
|
|
|
return l
|
|
|
|
def raise_for_status(self):
|
|
"""Raises stored :class:`HTTPError`, if one occurred."""
|
|
|
|
http_error_msg = ''
|
|
|
|
if 400 <= self.status_code < 500:
|
|
http_error_msg = '%s Client Error: %s' % (self.status_code, self.reason)
|
|
|
|
elif 500 <= self.status_code < 600:
|
|
http_error_msg = '%s Server Error: %s' % (self.status_code, self.reason)
|
|
|
|
if http_error_msg:
|
|
raise HTTPError(http_error_msg, response=self)
|
|
|
|
def close(self):
|
|
"""Closes the underlying file descriptor and releases the connection
|
|
back to the pool.
|
|
|
|
*Note: Should not normally need to be called explicitly.*
|
|
"""
|
|
return self.raw.release_conn()
|