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tutorial-sqlalchemy.html
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@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ MySQL, and any other database SQLAlchemy supports:</p>
<p>SQLAlchemy models map Python classes to database tables. Each attribute
becomes a column:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># models.py</span>
<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">sqlalchemy</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Integer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">String</span>
<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">sqlalchemy.orm</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">DeclarativeBase</span>
<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">sqlalchemy</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">String</span>
<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">sqlalchemy.orm</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">DeclarativeBase</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Mapped</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mapped_column</span>
<span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Base</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">DeclarativeBase</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">pass</span>
@@ -72,16 +72,17 @@ becomes a column:</p>
<span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Book</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Base</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">__tablename__</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;books&quot;</span>
<span class="nb">id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">primary_key</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">autoincrement</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nullable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">author</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nullable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">year</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nullable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">isbn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nullable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">id</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Mapped</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mapped_column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">primary_key</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">autoincrement</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">title</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Mapped</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mapped_column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nullable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">author</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Mapped</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mapped_column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nullable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">year</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Mapped</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mapped_column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nullable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">isbn</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Mapped</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mapped_column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nullable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DeclarativeBase</span></code> is SQLAlchemy’s modern base class (SQLAlchemy 2.0+).
Each model class corresponds to a table, and each <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Column</span></code> corresponds
to a column in that table.</p>
<p>This uses SQLAlchemy 2.0’s <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Mapped</span></code> type annotations and
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mapped_column()</span></code>, which give you type checker support and cleaner
syntax than the older <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Column()</span></code> style. Each model class corresponds
to a table, and each <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mapped_column()</span></code> corresponds to a column.</p>
</section>
<section id="database-setup">
<h2>Database Setup<a class="headerlink" href="#database-setup" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>