Expose 'read_only' parameter for 'import_set' and 'import_book' (#483)

* Upload coverage from GHA

* Fix PytestConfigWarning: Unknown config option: python_paths

.github/workflows/docs-lint.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+name: Docs and lint
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+env:
+  FORCE_COLOR: 1
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        env:
+        - TOXENV: docs
+        - TOXENV: lint
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+      - name: Set up Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+        with:
+          python-version: 3.9
+
+      - name: Get pip cache dir
+        id: pip-cache
+        run: |
+          echo "::set-output name=dir::$(pip cache dir)"
+
+      - name: Cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v2
+        with:
+          path: ${{ steps.pip-cache.outputs.dir }}
+          key:
+            ${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.python-version }}-v1-${{ hashFiles('**/setup.py') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.python-version }}-v1-
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade tox
+
+      - name: Tox
+        run: tox
+        env: ${{ matrix.env }}

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+name: Release
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+  release:
+    types:
+      - published
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    if: github.repository == 'jazzband/tablib'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Set up Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+        with:
+          python-version: 3.8
+
+      - name: Get pip cache dir
+        id: pip-cache
+        run: |
+          echo "::set-output name=dir::$(pip cache dir)"
+
+      - name: Cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v2
+        with:
+          path: ${{ steps.pip-cache.outputs.dir }}
+          key: release-${{ hashFiles('**/setup.py') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            release-
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          python -m pip install -U pip
+          python -m pip install -U setuptools twine wheel
+
+      - name: Build package
+        run: |
+          python setup.py --version
+          python setup.py sdist --format=gztar bdist_wheel
+          twine check dist/*
+
+      - name: Upload packages to Jazzband
+        if: github.event.action == 'published'
+        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@master
+        with:
+          user: jazzband
+          password: ${{ secrets.JAZZBAND_RELEASE_KEY }}
+          repository_url: https://jazzband.co/projects/tablib/upload

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+name: Test
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+env:
+  FORCE_COLOR: 1
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        python-version: [3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9]
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, macOS-latest, windows-latest]
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+    - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+      with:
+        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+
+    - name: Get pip cache dir
+      id: pip-cache
+      run: |
+        echo "::set-output name=dir::$(pip cache dir)"
+
+    - name: Cache
+      uses: actions/cache@v2
+      with:
+        path: ${{ steps.pip-cache.outputs.dir }}
+        key:
+          ${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.python-version }}-v1-${{ hashFiles('**/setup.py') }}
+        restore-keys: |
+          ${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.python-version }}-v1-
+
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        python -m pip install --upgrade tox
+        python -m pip install  -e .
+
+    - name: Tox tests
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        tox -e py
+
+    - name: Upload coverage
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v1
+      with:
+        name: ${{ matrix.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}

.gitignore

@@ -38,3 +38,6 @@ htmlcov
 # setuptools noise
 .eggs
 *.egg-info
+
+# generated by setuptools-scm
+/src/tablib/_version.py

.isort.cfg

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-[settings]
-multi_line_output=3
-include_trailing_comma=True
-force_grid_wrap=0
-use_parentheses=True
-line_length=88

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+repos:
+  - repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
+    rev: v2.7.3
+    hooks:
+      - id: pyupgrade
+        args: ["--py36-plus"]
+
+  - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/isort
+    rev: 5.6.4
+    hooks:
+      - id: isort
+        additional_dependencies: [toml]
+
+  - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pygrep-hooks
+    rev: v1.7.0
+    hooks:
+      - id: python-check-blanket-noqa
+      - id: rst-backticks
+
+  - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
+    rev: v3.3.0
+    hooks:
+      - id: check-merge-conflict
+      - id: check-toml
+      - id: check-yaml

.travis.yml

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-language: python
-python:
-- 2.7
-- 3.6
-- 3.7
-- 3.8
-cache: pip
-dist: xenial
-install: travis_retry pip install tox-travis
-script: tox
-after_success: bash <(curl -s https://codecov.io/bash)
-deploy:
-  provider: pypi
-  user: jazzband
-  server: https://jazzband.co/projects/tablib/upload
-  distributions: sdist bdist_wheel
-  password:
-    secure: svV4fYtodwW+iTyFOm5ISEfhVwcA+6vTskD3x6peznc40TdMV9Ek8nT3Q/NB4lCbXoUw2qR4H6uhLCjesnv/VvVk/qbitCyD8ySlgwOV5n7NzJs8lC8EYaHSjGQjatTwJAokfGVYkPawkI7HXDqtDggLUQBK+Ag8HDW+XBSbQIU=
-  on:
-    tags: true
-    repo: jazzband/tablib
-    python: 3.7

AUTHORS

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ Here is a list of passed and present much-appreciated contributors:
     Benjamin Wohlwend
     Bruno Soares
     Claude Paroz
+    Daniel Santos
     Erik Youngren
     Hugo van Kemenade
     Iuri de Silvio
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ Here is a list of passed and present much-appreciated contributors:
     Mark Walling
     Mathias Loesch
     Mike Waldner
+    Peyman Salehi
     Rabin Nankhwa
     Tommy Anthony
     Tsuyoshi Hombashi

HISTORY.md

@@ -1,5 +1,73 @@
 # History
 
+## Unreleased
+
+### Breaking changes
+
+- Dropped Python 3.5 support
+
+### Improvements
+
+- Added Python 3.9 support
+- Added read_only option to xlsx file reader (#482).
+
+### Bugfixes
+
+- Prevented crash in rst export with only-space strings (#469).
+
+## 2.0.0 (2020-05-16)
+
+### Breaking changes
+
+- The `Row.lpush/rpush` logic was reversed. `lpush` was appending while `rpush`
+  and `append` were prepending. This was fixed (reversed behavior). If you
+  counted on the broken behavior, please update your code (#453).
+
+### Bugfixes
+
+- Fixed minimal openpyxl dependency version to 2.6.0 (#457).
+- Dates from xls files are now read as Python datetime objects (#373).
+- Allow import of "ragged" xlsx files (#465).
+
+### Improvements
+
+- When importing an xlsx file, Tablib will now read cell values instead of formulas (#462).
+
+## 1.1.0 (2020-02-13)
+
+### Deprecations
+
+- Upcoming breaking change in Tablib 2.0.0: the `Row.lpush/rpush` logic is reversed.
+  `lpush` is appending while `rpush` and `append` are prepending. The broken behavior
+  will remain in Tablib 1.x and will be fixed (reversed) in Tablib 2.0.0 (#453). If you
+  count on the broken behavior, please update your code when you upgrade to Tablib 2.x.
+
+### Improvements
+
+- Tablib is now able to import CSV content where not all rows have the same
+  length. Missing columns on any line receive the empty string (#226).
+
+## 1.0.0 (2020-01-13)
+
+### Breaking changes
+
+- Dropped Python 2 support
+- Dependencies are now all optional. To install `tablib` as before with all
+  possible supported formats, run `pip install tablib[all]`
+
+### Improvements
+
+- Formats can now be dynamically registered through the
+  `tablib.formats.registry.refister` API (#256).
+- Tablib methods expecting data input (`detect_format`, `import_set`,
+  `Dataset.load`, `Databook.load`) now accepts file-like objects in addition
+  to raw strings and bytestrings (#440).
+
+### Bugfixes
+
+- Fixed a crash when exporting an empty string with the ReST format (#368)
+- Error cells from imported .xls files contain now the error string (#202)
+
 ## 0.14.0 (2019-10-19)
 
 ### Deprecations

MANIFEST.in

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-recursive-include docs *
-recursive-include tests *
-include pytest.ini tox.ini .isort.cfg .coveragerc HISTORY.md README.md LICENSE AUTHORS
-prune docs/_build
-prune *.pyc
-prune __pycache__

README.md

@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 # Tablib: format-agnostic tabular dataset library
 
 [![Jazzband](https://jazzband.co/static/img/badge.svg)](https://jazzband.co/)
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/jazzband/tablib.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/jazzband/tablib)
+[![PyPI version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/tablib.svg)](https://pypi.org/project/tablib/)
+[![Supported Python versions](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/tablib.svg)](https://pypi.org/project/tablib/)
+[![PyPI downloads](https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/tablib.svg)](https://pypistats.org/packages/tablib)
+[![GitHub Actions status](https://github.com/jazzband/tablib/workflows/Test/badge.svg)](https://github.com/jazzband/tablib/actions)
 [![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/jazzband/tablib/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/jazzband/tablib)
+[![GitHub](https://img.shields.io/github/license/jazzband/tablib.svg)](LICENSE)
 
     _____         ______  ___________ ______
     __  /_______ ____  /_ ___  /___(_)___  /_
@@ -29,149 +33,12 @@ Output formats supported:
 Note that tablib *purposefully* excludes XML support. It always will. (Note: This is a
 joke. Pull requests are welcome.)
 
+Tablib documentation is graciously hosted on https://tablib.readthedocs.io
 
-## Overview
+It is also available in the ``docs`` directory of the source distribution.
-
-`tablib.Dataset()`
-
-A Dataset is a table of tabular data.
-It may or may not have a header row.
-They can be build and manipulated as raw Python datatypes (Lists of tuples|dictionaries).
-Datasets can be imported from JSON, YAML, DBF, and CSV;
-they can be exported to XLSX, XLS, ODS, JSON, YAML, DBF, CSV, TSV, and HTML.
-
-`tablib.Databook()`
-
-A Databook is a set of Datasets.
-The most common form of a Databook is an Excel file with multiple spreadsheets.
-Databooks can be imported from JSON and YAML;
-they can be exported to XLSX, XLS, ODS, JSON, and YAML.
-
-
-## Usage
-
-Populate fresh data files:
-
-```python
-headers = ('first_name', 'last_name')
-
-data = [
-    ('John', 'Adams'),
-    ('George', 'Washington')
-]
-
-data = tablib.Dataset(*data, headers=headers)
-```
-
-Intelligently add new rows:
-
-```python
->>> data.append(('Henry', 'Ford'))
-```
-
-Intelligently add new columns:
-
-```python
->>> data.append_col((90, 67, 83), header='age')
-```
-
-Slice rows:
-
-```python
->>> print(data[:2])
-[('John', 'Adams', 90), ('George', 'Washington', 67)]
-```
-
-Slice columns by header:
-
-```python
->>> print(data['first_name'])
-['John', 'George', 'Henry']
-```
-
-Easily delete rows:
-
-```python
->>> del data[1]
-```
-
-
-## Exports
-
-Drumroll please...........
-
-### JSON!
-
-```python
->>> print(data.export('json'))
-[
-  {
-    "last_name": "Adams",
-    "age": 90,
-    "first_name": "John"
-  },
-  {
-    "last_name": "Ford",
-    "age": 83,
-    "first_name": "Henry"
-  }
-]
-```
-
-### YAML!
-
-```python
->>> print(data.export('yaml'))
-- {age: 90, first_name: John, last_name: Adams}
-- {age: 83, first_name: Henry, last_name: Ford}
-```
-
-### CSV...
-
-```python
->>> print(data.export('csv'))
-first_name,last_name,age
-John,Adams,90
-Henry,Ford,83
-```
-
-### EXCEL!
-
-```python
->>> with open('people.xls', 'wb') as f:
-...     f.write(data.export('xls'))
-```
-
-### DBF!
-
-```python
->>> with open('people.dbf', 'wb') as f:
-...     f.write(data.export('dbf'))
-```
-
-### Pandas DataFrame!
-
-```python
->>> print(data.export('df')):
-      first_name last_name  age
-0       John     Adams   90
-1      Henry      Ford   83
-```
-
-It's that easy.
-
-
-## Installation
-
-To install tablib, simply:
-
-```console
-$ pip install tablib[pandas]
-```
 
 Make sure to check out [Tablib on PyPI](https://pypi.org/project/tablib/)!
 
-
 ## Contribute
 
 Please see the [contributing guide](https://github.com/jazzband/tablib/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md).

RELEASING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# Release checklist
+
+Jazzband guidelines: https://jazzband.co/about/releases
+
+* [ ] Get master to the appropriate code release state.
+      [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/jazzband/tablib/actions)
+      should pass on master.
+      [![GitHub Actions status](https://github.com/jazzband/tablib/workflows/Test/badge.svg)](https://github.com/jazzband/tablib/actions)
+
+* [ ] Check [HISTORY.md](https://github.com/jazzband/tablib/blob/master/HISTORY.md),
+      update version number and release date
+
+* [ ] Tag with version number and push tag, for example:
+```bash
+git tag -a v0.14.0 -m v0.14.0
+git push --tags
+```
+
+* [ ] Once GitHub Actions has built and uploaded distributions, check files at
+      [Jazzband](https://jazzband.co/projects/tablib) and release to
+      [PyPI](https://pypi.org/pypi/tablib)
+
+* [ ] Check installation:
+```bash
+pip uninstall -y tablib && pip install -U tablib
+```
+
+* [ ] Create new GitHub release: https://github.com/jazzband/tablib/releases/new
+  * Tag: Pick existing tag "v0.14.0"

docs/Pipfile

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-[[source]]
-name = "pypi"
-url = "https://pypi.org/simple"
-verify_ssl = true
-
-[dev-packages]
-
-[packages]
-"backports.csv" = "*"
-odfpy = "*"
-openpyxl = ">=2.4.0"
-pandas = "*"
-xlrd = "*"
-xlwt = "*"
-PyYAML = "*"
-
-[requires]
-python_version = "3.6"

docs/_templates/sidebarintro.html

@@ -8,4 +8,5 @@
   <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/tablib">Tablib @ PyPI</a></li>
   <li><a href="https://github.com/jazzband/tablib">Tablib @ GitHub</a></li>
   <li><a href="https://github.com/jazzband/tablib/issues">Issue Tracker</a></li>
+  <li><a href="https://github.com/jazzband/tablib/blob/master/HISTORY.md">Changelog</a></li>
 </ul>

docs/conf.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Tablib documentation build configuration file, created by
 # sphinx-quickstart on Tue Oct  5 15:25:21 2010.
@@ -10,7 +9,7 @@
 #
 # All configuration values have a default; values that are commented out
 # serve to show the default.
-from pkg_resources import get_distribution
+import tablib
 
 # If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
 # add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
@@ -23,7 +22,11 @@ from pkg_resources import get_distribution
 
 # Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be extensions
 # coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom ones.
-extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autodoc', 'sphinx.ext.todo', 'sphinx.ext.coverage', 'sphinx.ext.viewcode']
+extensions = [
+    'sphinx.ext.autodoc', 'sphinx.ext.todo', 'sphinx.ext.coverage',
+    'sphinx.ext.viewcode', 'sphinx.ext.intersphinx'
+]
+intersphinx_mapping = {'python': ('https://docs.python.org/3', None)}
 
 # Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
 templates_path = ['_templates']
@@ -38,17 +41,17 @@ source_suffix = '.rst'
 master_doc = 'index'
 
 # General information about the project.
-project = u'Tablib'
+project = 'Tablib'
-copyright = u'2019 Jazzband'
+copyright = '2019 Jazzband'
 
 # The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
 # |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
 # built documents.
 #
 # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
-release = get_distribution('tablib').version
+release = tablib.__version__
 # The short X.Y version.
-version = '.'.join(release.split('.')[:2])
+version = '.'.join(tablib.__version__.split('.')[:2])
 # for example take major/minor
 
 # The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
@@ -181,8 +184,8 @@ htmlhelp_basename = 'Tablibdoc'
 # Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
 # (source start file, target name, title, author, documentclass [howto/manual]).
 latex_documents = [
-  ('index', 'Tablib.tex', u'Tablib Documentation',
+  ('index', 'Tablib.tex', 'Tablib Documentation',
-   u'Jazzband', 'manual'),
+   'Jazzband', 'manual'),
 ]
 
 latex_use_modindex = False
@@ -222,6 +225,6 @@ latex_use_parts = True
 # One entry per manual page. List of tuples
 # (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
 man_pages = [
-    ('index', 'tablib', u'Tablib Documentation',
+    ('index', 'tablib', 'Tablib Documentation',
-     [u'Jazzband'], 1)
+     ['Jazzband'], 1)
 ]

docs/development.rst

@@ -90,32 +90,36 @@ Tablib features a micro-framework for adding format support.
 The easiest way to understand it is to use it.
 So, let's define our own format, named *xxx*.
 
-1. Write a new format interface.
+From version 1.0, Tablib formats are class-based and can be dynamically
+registered.
 
-    :class:`tablib.core` follows a simple pattern for automatically utilizing your format throughout Tablib.
+1. Write your custom format class::
-    Function names are crucial.
-
-    Example **tablib/formats/_xxx.py**: ::
 
+    class MyXXXFormatClass:
         title = 'xxx'
 
-        def export_set(dset):
+        @classmethod
+        def export_set(cls, dset):
             ....
             # returns string representation of given dataset
 
-        def export_book(dbook):
+        @classmethod
+        def export_book(cls, dbook):
             ....
             # returns string representation of given databook
 
-        def import_set(dset, in_stream):
+        @classmethod
+        def import_set(cls, dset, in_stream):
             ...
             # populates given Dataset with given datastream
 
-        def import_book(dbook, in_stream):
+        @classmethod
+        def import_book(cls, dbook, in_stream):
             ...
             # returns Databook instance
 
-        def detect(stream):
+        @classmethod
+        def detect(cls, stream):
             ...
             # returns True if given stream is parsable as xxx
 
@@ -124,15 +128,18 @@ So, let's define our own format, named *xxx*.
        If the format excludes support for an import/export mechanism (*e.g.* 
        :class:`csv <tablib.Dataset.csv>` excludes 
        :class:`Databook <tablib.Databook>` support),
-       simply don't define the respective functions.
+       simply don't define the respective class methods.
        Appropriate errors will be raised.
 
-2. Add your new format module to the :class:`tablib.formats.available` tuple.
+2. Register your class::
 
-3. Add a mock property to the :class:`Dataset <tablib.Dataset>` class with verbose `reStructured Text`_ docstring. 
+    from tablib.formats import registry
-   This alleviates IDE confusion, and allows for pretty auto-generated Sphinx_ documentation.
 
-4. Write respective :ref:`tests <testing>`.
+    registry.register('xxx', MyXXXFormatClass())
+
+3. From then on, you should be able to use your new custom format as if it were
+a built-in Tablib format, e.g. using ``dataset.export('xxx')`` will use the 
+``MyXXXFormatClass.export_set`` method.
 
 .. _testing:
 
@@ -156,16 +163,16 @@ the easiest way to test your changes for potential issues is to simply run the t
 Continuous Integration
 ----------------------
 
-Every pull request is automatically tested and inspected upon receipt with `Travis CI`_.
+Every pull request is automatically tested and inspected upon receipt with `GitHub Actions`_.
 If you broke the build, you will receive an email accordingly.
 
 Anyone may view the build status and history at any time.
 
-    https://travis-ci.org/jazzband/tablib
+    https://github.com/jazzband/tablib/actions
 
 Additional reports will also be included here in the future, including :pep:`8` checks and stress reports for extremely large datasets.
 
-.. _`Travis CI`: https://travis-ci.org/
+.. _`GitHub Actions`: https://github.com/jazzband/tablib/actions
 
 
 .. _docs:

docs/formats.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+.. _formats:
+
+=======
+Formats
+=======
+
+Tablib supports a wide variety of different tabular formats, both for input and
+output. Moreover, you can :ref:`register your own formats <newformats>`.
+
+cli
+===
+
+The ``cli`` format is currently export-only. The exports produce a representation
+table suited to a terminal.
+
+When exporting to a CLI you can pass the table format  with the ``tablefmt``
+parameter, the supported formats are::
+
+    >>> import tabulate
+    >>> list(tabulate._table_formats)
+    ['simple', 'plain', 'grid', 'fancy_grid', 'github', 'pipe', 'orgtbl',
+     'jira', 'presto', 'psql', 'rst', 'mediawiki', 'moinmoin', 'youtrack',
+     'html', 'latex', 'latex_raw', 'latex_booktabs', 'tsv', 'textile']
+
+For example::
+
+    dataset.export("cli", tablefmt="github")
+    dataset.export("cli", tablefmt="grid")
+
+This format is optional, install Tablib with ``pip install "tablib[cli]"`` to
+make the format available.
+
+csv
+===
+
+When you import CSV data, you can specify if the first line of your data source
+is headers with the ``headers`` boolean parameter (defaults to ``True``)::
+
+    import tablib
+
+    tablib.import_set(your_data_stream, format='csv', headers=False)
+
+When exporting with the ``csv`` format, the top row will contain headers, if
+they have been set. Otherwise, the top row will contain the first row of the
+dataset.
+
+When importing a CSV data source or exporting a dataset as CSV, you can pass any
+parameter supported by the :py:func:`csv.reader` and :py:func:`csv.writer`
+functions. For example::
+
+    tablib.import_set(your_data_stream, format='csv', dialect='unix')
+
+    dataset.export('csv', delimiter=' ', quotechar='|')
+
+.. admonition:: Line endings
+
+     Exporting uses \\r\\n line endings by default so, make sure to include
+     ``newline=''`` otherwise you will get a blank line between each row
+     when you open the file in Excel::
+
+         with open('output.csv', 'w', newline='') as f:
+             f.write(dataset.export('csv'))
+
+     If you do not do this, and you export the file on Windows, your
+     CSV file will open in Excel with a blank line between each row.
+
+dbf
+===
+
+Import/export using the dBASE_ format.
+
+.. admonition:: Binary Warning
+
+    The ``dbf`` format contains binary data, so make sure to write in binary
+    mode::
+
+        with open('output.dbf', 'wb') as f:
+            f.write(dataset.export('dbf')
+
+.. _dBASE: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBase
+
+df (DataFrame)
+==============
+
+Import/export using the pandas_ DataFrame format. This format is optional,
+install Tablib with ``pip install "tablib[pandas]"`` to make the format available.
+
+.. _pandas: https://pandas.pydata.org/
+
+html
+====
+
+The ``html`` format is currently export-only. The exports produce an HTML page
+with the data in a ``<table>``. If headers have been set, they will be used as
+table headers.
+
+This format is optional, install Tablib with ``pip install "tablib[html]"`` to
+make the format available.
+
+jira
+====
+
+The ``jira`` format is currently export-only. Exports format the dataset
+according to the Jira table syntax::
+
+    ||heading 1||heading 2||heading 3||
+    |col A1|col A2|col A3|
+    |col B1|col B2|col B3|
+
+json
+====
+
+Import/export using the JSON_ format. If headers have been set, a JSON list of
+objects will be returned. If no headers have been set, a JSON list of lists
+(rows) will be returned instead.
+
+Import assumes (for now) that headers exist.
+
+.. _JSON: http://json.org/
+
+latex
+=====
+
+Import/export using the LaTeX_ format. This format is export-only.
+If a title has been set, it will be exported as the table caption.
+
+.. _LaTeX: https://www.latex-project.org/
+
+ods
+===
+
+Export data in OpenDocument Spreadsheet format. The ``ods`` format is currently
+export-only.
+
+This format is optional, install Tablib with ``pip install "tablib[ods]"`` to
+make the format available.
+
+.. admonition:: Binary Warning
+
+    :class:`Dataset.ods` contains binary data, so make sure to write in binary mode::
+
+        with open('output.ods', 'wb') as f:
+            f.write(data.ods)
+
+rst
+===
+
+Export data as a reStructuredText_ table representation of a dataset. The
+``rst`` format is export-only.
+
+Exporting returns a simple table if the text in the first column is never
+wrapped, otherwise returns a grid table::
+
+    >>> from tablib import Dataset
+    >>> bits = ((0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1))
+    >>> data = Dataset()
+    >>> data.headers = ['A', 'B', 'A and B']
+    >>> for a, b in bits:
+    ...     data.append([bool(a), bool(b), bool(a * b)])
+    >>> table = data.export('rst')
+    >>> table.split('\\n') == [
+    ...     '=====  =====  =====',
+    ...     '  A      B    A and',
+    ...     '                B  ',
+    ...     '=====  =====  =====',
+    ...     'False  False  False',
+    ...     'True   False  False',
+    ...     'False  True   False',
+    ...     'True   True   True ',
+    ...     '=====  =====  =====',
+    ... ]
+    True
+
+.. _reStructuredText: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html
+
+tsv
+===
+
+A variant of the csv_ format with tabulators as fields separators.
+
+xls
+===
+
+Import/export data in Legacy Excel Spreadsheet representation.
+
+This format is optional, install Tablib with ``pip install "tablib[xls]"`` to
+make the format available.
+
+.. note::
+
+    XLS files are limited to a maximum of 65,000 rows. Use xlsx_ to avoid this
+    limitation.
+
+.. admonition:: Binary Warning
+
+    The ``xls`` file format is binary, so make sure to write in binary mode::
+
+        with open('output.xls', 'wb') as f:
+            f.write(data.export('xls'))
+
+xlsx
+====
+
+Import/export data in Excel 07+ Spreadsheet representation.
+
+This format is optional, install Tablib with ``pip install "tablib[xlsx]"`` to
+make the format available.
+
+The ``import_set()`` and ``import_book()`` methods accept keyword
+argument ``read_only``.  If its value is ``True`` (the default), the
+XLSX data source is read lazily.  Lazy reading generally reduces time
+and memory consumption, especially for large spreadsheets.  However,
+it relies on the XLSX data source declaring correct dimensions.  Some
+programs generate XLSX files with incorrect dimensions.  Such files
+may need to be loaded with this optimization turned off by passing
+``read_only=False``.
+
+.. note::
+
+    When reading an ``xlsx`` file containing formulas in its cells, Tablib will
+    read the cell values, not the cell formulas.
+
+.. versionchanged:: 2.0.0
+
+    Reads cell values instead of formulas.
+
+.. admonition:: Binary Warning
+
+    The ``xlsx`` file format is binary, so make sure to write in binary mode::
+
+        with open('output.xlsx', 'wb') as f:
+            f.write(data.export('xlsx'))
+
+yaml
+====
+
+Import/export data in the YAML_ format.
+When exporting, if headers have been set, a YAML list of objects will be
+returned. If no headers have been set, a YAML list of lists (rows) will be
+returned instead.
+
+Import assumes (for now) that headers exist.
+
+This format is optional, install Tablib with ``pip install "tablib[yaml]"`` to
+make the format available.
+
+.. _YAML: https://yaml.org

docs/index.rst

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 .. Tablib documentation master file, created by
    sphinx-quickstart on Tue Oct  5 15:25:21 2010.
    You can adapt this file completely to your liking, but it should at least
-   contain the root `toctree` directive.
+   contain the root ``toctree`` directive.
 
 Tablib: Pythonic Tabular Datasets
 =================================
@@ -98,6 +98,11 @@ This part of the documentation, which is mostly prose, begins with some backgrou
 
    tutorial
 
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   formats
+
 .. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 2
 

docs/install.rst

@@ -19,14 +19,32 @@ Of course, the recommended way to install Tablib is with `pip <https://pip.pypa.
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
-    $ pip install tablib[pandas]
+    $ pip install tablib
 
+You can also choose to install more dependencies to have more import/export
+formats available:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ pip install "tablib[xlsx]"
+
+Or all possible formats:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ pip install "tablib[all]"
+
+which is equivalent to:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ pip install "tablib[html, pandas, ods, xls, xlsx, yaml]"
 
 -------------------
 Download the Source
 -------------------
 
-You can also install tablib from source.
+You can also install Tablib from source.
 The latest release (|version|) is available from GitHub.
 
 * tarball_

docs/intro.rst

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Introduction
 This part of the documentation covers all the interfaces of Tablib.
 Tablib is a format-agnostic tabular dataset library, written in Python.
 It allows you to Pythonically import, export, and manipulate tabular data sets.
-Advanced features include segregation, dynamic columns, tags / filtering, and
+Advanced features include segregation, dynamic columns, tags/filtering, and
 seamless format import/export.
 
 
@@ -23,31 +23,13 @@ Tablib was developed with a few :pep:`20` idioms in mind.
 
 All contributions to Tablib should keep these important rules in mind.
 
-.. mit:
-
-MIT License
------------
-
-A large number of open source projects you find today are `GPL Licensed`_.
-While the GPL has its time and place, it should most certainly not be your
-go-to license for your next open source project.
-
-A project that is released as GPL cannot be used in any commercial product
-without the product itself also being offered as open source. The MIT, BSD, and
-ISC licenses are great alternatives to the GPL that allow your open-source
-software to be used in proprietary, closed-source software.
-
-Tablib is released under terms of `The MIT License`_.
-
-.. _`GPL Licensed`: https://opensource.org/licenses/gpl-license.php
-.. _`The MIT License`: https://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
-
-
 .. _license:
 
 Tablib License
 --------------
 
+Tablib is released under terms of `The MIT License`_.
+
 Copyright 2017 Kenneth Reitz
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
@@ -68,17 +50,14 @@ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 THE SOFTWARE.
 
+.. _`The MIT License`: https://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
 
 .. _pythonsupport:
 
 Pythons Supported
 -----------------
 
-At this time, the following Python versions are officially supported:
+Python 3.6+ is officially supported.
 
-* CPython 2.7
+Now, go :ref:`install Tablib <install>`.
-* CPython 3.5
-* CPython 3.6
-* CPython 3.7
 
-Now, go :ref:`Install Tablib <install>`.

docs/tutorial.rst

@@ -106,10 +106,18 @@ Importing Data
 --------------
 Creating a :class:`tablib.Dataset` object by importing a pre-existing file is simple. ::
 
-   imported_data = Dataset().load(open('data.csv').read())
+    with open('data.csv', 'r') as fh:
+        imported_data = Dataset().load(fh)
 
 This detects what sort of data is being passed in, and uses an appropriate formatter to do the import. So you can import from a variety of different file types.
 
+.. admonition:: Source without headers
+
+    When the format is :class:`csv <Dataset.csv>`, :class:`tsv <Dataset.tsv>`, :class:`dbf <Dataset.dbf>`, :class:`xls <Dataset.xls>` or :class:`xlsx <Dataset.xlsx>`, and the data source does not have headers, the import should be done as follows ::
+
+    with open('data.csv', 'r') as fh:
+        imported_data = Dataset().load(fh, headers=False)
+
 --------------
 Exporting Data
 --------------
@@ -200,7 +208,7 @@ Delete a range of rows::
 Advanced Usage
 ==============
 
-This part of the documentation services to give you an idea that are otherwise hard to extract from the :ref:`API Documentation <api>`
+This part of the documentation services to give you an idea that are otherwise hard to extract from the :ref:`API Documentation <api>`.
 
 And now for something completely different.
 
@@ -287,24 +295,36 @@ Let's tag some students. ::
     students.headers = ['first', 'last']
 
     students.rpush(['Kenneth', 'Reitz'], tags=['male', 'technical'])
+    students.rpush(['Daniel', 'Dupont'], tags=['male', 'creative' ])
     students.rpush(['Bessie', 'Monke'], tags=['female', 'creative'])
 
-Now that we have extra meta-data on our rows, we can easily filter our :class:`Dataset`. Let's just see Male students. ::
+Now that we have extra meta-data on our rows, we can easily filter our :class:`Dataset`. Let's just see Female students. ::
 
+    >>> students.filter(['female']).yaml
+    - {first: Bessie, Last: Monke}
 
-    >>> students.filter(['male']).yaml
+By default, when you pass a list of tags you get filter type or. :: 
-    - {first: Kenneth, Last: Reitz}
+
+    >>> students.filter(['female', 'creative']).yaml
+    - {first: Daniel, Last: Dupont}
+    - {first: Bessie, Last: Monke}
+
+Using chaining you can get a filter type and. ::
+
+    >>> students.filter(['female']).filter(['creative']).yaml
+    - {first: Bessie, Last: Monke}
 
 It's that simple. The original :class:`Dataset` is untouched.
 
 Open an Excel Workbook and read first sheet
 -------------------------------------------
 
-To open an Excel 2007 and later workbook with a single sheet (or a workbook with multiple sheets but you just want the first sheet), use the following:
+Open an Excel 2007 and later workbook with a single sheet (or a workbook with multiple sheets but you just want the first sheet). ::
 
-data = tablib.Dataset()
+    data = tablib.Dataset()
-data.xlsx = open('my_excel_file.xlsx', 'rb').read()
+    with open('my_excel_file.xlsx', 'rb') as fh:
-print(data)
+        data.load(fh, 'xlsx')
+    print(data)
 
 Excel Workbook With Multiple Sheets
 ------------------------------------
@@ -321,7 +341,7 @@ All we have to do is add them to a :class:`Databook` object... ::
 ... and export to Excel just like :class:`Datasets <Dataset>`. ::
 
     with open('students.xls', 'wb') as f:
-        f.write(book.xls)
+        f.write(book.export('xls'))
 
 The resulting ``students.xls`` file will contain a separate spreadsheet for each :class:`Dataset` object in the :class:`Databook`.
 

pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[tool.isort]
+profile = "black"

pytest.ini

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 [pytest]
 norecursedirs = .git .*
-addopts = -rsxX --showlocals --tb=native --cov=tablib --cov-report xml --cov-report term --cov-report html
+addopts = -rsxX --showlocals --tb=native --cov=tablib --cov=tests --cov-report xml --cov-report term --cov-report html
-python_paths = .

setup.py

@@ -1,37 +1,27 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
-import os
-import re
-import sys
 
 from setuptools import find_packages, setup
 
-
-install = [
-    'odfpy',
-    'openpyxl>=2.4.0',
-    'backports.csv;python_version<"3.0"',
-    'markuppy',
-    'xlrd',
-    'xlwt',
-    'pyyaml',
-]
-
-
 setup(
     name='tablib',
-    use_scm_version=True,
+    use_scm_version={
+        'write_to': 'src/tablib/_version.py',
+    },
     setup_requires=['setuptools_scm'],
     description='Format agnostic tabular data library (XLS, JSON, YAML, CSV)',
-    long_description=(open('README.md').read() + '\n\n' +
+    long_description=(
-        open('HISTORY.md').read()),
+        open('README.md').read() + '\n\n' + open('HISTORY.md').read()
+    ),
     long_description_content_type="text/markdown",
     author='Kenneth Reitz',
     author_email='me@kennethreitz.org',
     maintainer='Jazzband',
     maintainer_email='roadies@jazzband.co',
     url='https://tablib.readthedocs.io',
+    project_urls={
+        "Documentation": "https://tablib.readthedocs.io",
+        "Source": "https://github.com/jazzband/tablib",
+    },
     packages=find_packages(where="src"),
     package_dir={"": "src"},
     license='MIT',
@@ -41,17 +31,22 @@ setup(
         'Natural Language :: English',
         'License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License',
         'Programming Language :: Python',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 2',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7',
         'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5',
         'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6',
         'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7',
         'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9',
     ],
-    python_requires='>=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*, !=3.4.*',
+    python_requires='>=3.6',
-    install_requires=install,
     extras_require={
+        'all': ['markuppy', 'odfpy', 'openpyxl>=2.6.0', 'pandas', 'pyyaml', 'tabulate', 'xlrd', 'xlwt'],
+        'cli': ['tabulate'],
+        'html': ['markuppy'],
+        'ods': ['odfpy'],
         'pandas': ['pandas'],
+        'xls': ['xlrd', 'xlwt'],
+        'xlsx': ['openpyxl>=2.6.0'],
+        'yaml': ['pyyaml'],
     },
 )

src/tablib/__init__.py

@@ -1,13 +1,19 @@
 """ Tablib. """
-from pkg_resources import get_distribution, DistributionNotFound
-
-from tablib.core import (
-    Databook, Dataset, detect_format, import_set, import_book,
-    InvalidDatasetType, InvalidDimensions, UnsupportedFormat
-)
-
 try:
-    __version__ = get_distribution(__name__).version
+    # Generated by setuptools-scm.
-except DistributionNotFound:
+    from ._version import version as __version__
-    # package is not installed
+except ImportError:
+    # Some broken installation.
     __version__ = None
+
+
+from tablib.core import (  # noqa: F401
+    Databook,
+    Dataset,
+    InvalidDatasetType,
+    InvalidDimensions,
+    UnsupportedFormat,
+    detect_format,
+    import_book,
+    import_set,
+)

src/tablib/compat.py

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
-"""
-tablib.compat
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-Tablib compatiblity module.
-
-"""
-
-import sys
-
-is_py3 = (sys.version_info[0] > 2)
-
-
-if is_py3:
-    from io import StringIO
-    from statistics import median
-    from itertools import zip_longest as izip_longest
-    import csv
-    import tablib.packages.dbfpy3 as dbfpy
-
-    unicode = str
-    xrange = range
-
-else:
-    from StringIO import StringIO
-    from tablib.packages.statistics import median
-    from itertools import izip_longest
-    from backports import csv
-    import tablib.packages.dbfpy as dbfpy
-
-    unicode = unicode
-    xrange = xrange
-
-from MarkupPy import markup  # Kept temporarily to avoid breaking existing imports

src/tablib/core.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """
     tablib.core
     ~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -13,10 +12,15 @@ from collections import OrderedDict
 from copy import copy
 from operator import itemgetter
 
-from tablib import formats
+from tablib.exceptions import (
-
+    HeadersNeeded,
-from tablib.compat import unicode
+    InvalidDatasetIndex,
-
+    InvalidDatasetType,
+    InvalidDimensions,
+    UnsupportedFormat,
+)
+from tablib.formats import registry
+from tablib.utils import normalize_input
 
 __title__ = 'tablib'
 __author__ = 'Kenneth Reitz'
@@ -25,7 +29,7 @@ __copyright__ = 'Copyright 2017 Kenneth Reitz. 2019 Jazzband.'
 __docformat__ = 'restructuredtext'
 
 
-class Row(object):
+class Row:
     """Internal Row object. Mainly used for filtering."""
 
     __slots__ = ['_row', 'tags']
@@ -43,9 +47,6 @@ class Row(object):
     def __repr__(self):
         return repr(self._row)
 
-    def __getslice__(self, i, j):
-        return self._row[i:j]
-
     def __getitem__(self, i):
         return self._row[i]
 
@@ -56,23 +57,16 @@ class Row(object):
         del self._row[i]
 
     def __getstate__(self):
-
+        return self._row, self.tags
-        slots = dict()
-
-        for slot in self.__slots__:
-            attribute = getattr(self, slot)
-            slots[slot] = attribute
-
-        return slots
 
     def __setstate__(self, state):
-        for (k, v) in list(state.items()): setattr(self, k, v)
+        self._row, self.tags = state
 
     def rpush(self, value):
-        self.insert(0, value)
+        self.insert(len(self._row), value)
 
     def lpush(self, value):
-        self.insert(len(value), value)
+        self.insert(0, value)
 
     def append(self, value):
         self.rpush(value)
@@ -96,7 +90,7 @@ class Row(object):
     def has_tag(self, tag):
         """Returns true if current row contains tag."""
 
-        if tag == None:
+        if tag is None:
             return False
         elif isinstance(tag, str):
             return (tag in self.tags)
@@ -104,7 +98,7 @@ class Row(object):
             return bool(len(set(tag) & set(self.tags)))
 
 
-class Dataset(object):
+class Dataset:
     """The :class:`Dataset` object is the heart of Tablib. It provides all core
     functionality.
 
@@ -119,7 +113,7 @@ class Dataset(object):
 
 
     Setting columns is similar. The column data length must equal the
-    current height of the data and headers must be set ::
+    current height of the data and headers must be set. ::
 
         data = tablib.Dataset()
         data.headers = ('first_name', 'last_name')
@@ -145,14 +139,12 @@ class Dataset(object):
 
     .. admonition:: Format Attributes Definition
 
-     If you look at the code, the various output/import formats are not
+    If you look at the code, the various output/import formats are not
-     defined within the :class:`Dataset` object. To add support for a new format, see
+    defined within the :class:`Dataset` object. To add support for a new format, see
-     :ref:`Adding New Formats <newformats>`.
+    :ref:`Adding New Formats <newformats>`.
 
     """
 
-    _formats = {}
-
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         self._data = list(Row(arg) for arg in args)
         self.__headers = None
@@ -167,15 +159,13 @@ class Dataset(object):
 
         self.title = kwargs.get('title')
 
-        self._register_formats()
-
     def __len__(self):
         return self.height
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
-        if isinstance(key, (str, unicode)):
+        if isinstance(key, str):
             if key in self.headers:
-                pos = self.headers.index(key) # get 'key' index from each data
+                pos = self.headers.index(key)  # get 'key' index from each data
                 return [row[pos] for row in self._data]
             else:
                 raise KeyError
@@ -191,7 +181,7 @@ class Dataset(object):
         self._data[key] = Row(value)
 
     def __delitem__(self, key):
-        if isinstance(key, (str, unicode)):
+        if isinstance(key, str):
 
             if key in self.headers:
 
@@ -213,15 +203,15 @@ class Dataset(object):
         except AttributeError:
             return '<dataset object>'
 
-    def __unicode__(self):
+    def __str__(self):
         result = []
 
-        # Add unicode representation of headers.
+        # Add str representation of headers.
         if self.__headers:
-            result.append([unicode(h) for h in self.__headers])
+            result.append([str(h) for h in self.__headers])
 
-        # Add unicode representation of rows.
+        # Add str representation of rows.
-        result.extend(list(map(unicode, row)) for row in self._data)
+        result.extend(list(map(str, row)) for row in self._data)
 
         lens = [list(map(len, row)) for row in result]
         field_lens = list(map(max, zip(*lens)))
@@ -234,30 +224,16 @@ class Dataset(object):
 
         return '\n'.join(format_string.format(*row) for row in result)
 
-    def __str__(self):
-        return self.__unicode__()
-
     # ---------
     # Internals
     # ---------
 
-    @classmethod
+    def _get_in_format(self, fmt_key, **kwargs):
-    def _register_formats(cls):
+        return registry.get_format(fmt_key).export_set(self, **kwargs)
-        """Adds format properties."""
-        for fmt in formats.available:
-            try:
-                try:
-                    setattr(cls, fmt.title, property(fmt.export_set, fmt.import_set))
-                    setattr(cls, 'get_%s' % fmt.title, fmt.export_set)
-                    setattr(cls, 'set_%s' % fmt.title, fmt.import_set)
-                    cls._formats[fmt.title] = (fmt.export_set, fmt.import_set)
-                except AttributeError:
-                    setattr(cls, fmt.title, property(fmt.export_set))
-                    setattr(cls, 'get_%s' % fmt.title, fmt.export_set)
-                    cls._formats[fmt.title] = (fmt.export_set, None)
 
-            except AttributeError:
+    def _set_in_format(self, fmt_key, in_stream, **kwargs):
-                cls._formats[fmt.title] = (None, None)
+        in_stream = normalize_input(in_stream)
+        return registry.get_format(fmt_key).import_set(self, in_stream, **kwargs)
 
     def _validate(self, row=None, col=None, safety=False):
         """Assures size of every row in dataset is of proper proportions."""
@@ -269,7 +245,7 @@ class Dataset(object):
             else:
                 is_valid = (len(col) == self.height) if self.height else True
         else:
-            is_valid = all((len(x) == self.width for x in self._data))
+            is_valid = all(len(x) == self.width for x in self._data)
 
         if is_valid:
             return True
@@ -315,7 +291,7 @@ class Dataset(object):
     def _get_headers(self):
         """An *optional* list of strings to be used for header rows and attribute names.
 
-        This must be set manually. The given list length must equal :class:`Dataset.width`.
+        This must be set manually. The given list length must equal :attr:`Dataset.width`.
 
         """
         return self.__headers
@@ -351,7 +327,7 @@ class Dataset(object):
         set, a list of Python dictionaries will be returned. If no headers have been
         set, a list of tuples (rows) will be returned instead.
 
-        A dataset object can also be imported by setting the :class:`Dataset.dict` attribute. ::
+        A dataset object can also be imported by setting the :attr:`Dataset.dict` attribute. ::
 
             data = tablib.Dataset()
             data.dict = [{'age': 90, 'first_name': 'Kenneth', 'last_name': 'Reitz'}]
@@ -419,18 +395,23 @@ class Dataset(object):
     def load(self, in_stream, format=None, **kwargs):
         """
         Import `in_stream` to the :class:`Dataset` object using the `format`.
+        `in_stream` can be a file-like object, a string, or a bytestring.
 
         :param \\*\\*kwargs: (optional) custom configuration to the format `import_set`.
         """
 
+        stream = normalize_input(in_stream)
         if not format:
-            format = detect_format(in_stream)
+            format = detect_format(stream)
+
+        fmt = registry.get_format(format)
+        if not hasattr(fmt, 'import_set'):
+            raise UnsupportedFormat(f'Format {format} cannot be imported.')
 
-        export_set, import_set = self._formats.get(format, (None, None))
         if not import_set:
-            raise UnsupportedFormat('Format {0} cannot be imported.'.format(format))
+            raise UnsupportedFormat(f'Format {format} cannot be imported.')
 
-        import_set(self, in_stream, **kwargs)
+        fmt.import_set(self, stream, **kwargs)
         return self
 
     def export(self, format, **kwargs):
@@ -439,204 +420,11 @@ class Dataset(object):
 
         :param \\*\\*kwargs: (optional) custom configuration to the format `export_set`.
         """
-        export_set, import_set = self._formats.get(format, (None, None))
+        fmt = registry.get_format(format)
-        if not export_set:
+        if not hasattr(fmt, 'export_set'):
-            raise UnsupportedFormat('Format {0} cannot be exported.'.format(format))
+            raise UnsupportedFormat(f'Format {format} cannot be exported.')
 
-        return export_set(self, **kwargs)
+        return fmt.export_set(self, **kwargs)
-
-    # -------
-    # Formats
-    # -------
-
-    @property
-    def xls():
-        """A Legacy Excel Spreadsheet representation of the :class:`Dataset` object, with :ref:`separators`. Cannot be set.
-
-        .. note::
-
-            XLS files are limited to a maximum of 65,000 rows. Use :class:`Dataset.xlsx` to avoid this limitation.
-
-         .. admonition:: Binary Warning
-
-             :class:`Dataset.xls` contains binary data, so make sure to write in binary mode::
-
-                with open('output.xls', 'wb') as f:
-                    f.write(data.xls)
-        """
-        pass
-
-    @property
-    def xlsx():
-        """An Excel '07+ Spreadsheet representation of the :class:`Dataset` object, with :ref:`separators`. Cannot be set.
-
-         .. admonition:: Binary Warning
-
-             :class:`Dataset.xlsx` contains binary data, so make sure to write in binary mode::
-
-                with open('output.xlsx', 'wb') as f:
-                    f.write(data.xlsx)
-        """
-        pass
-
-    @property
-    def ods():
-        """An OpenDocument Spreadsheet representation of the :class:`Dataset` object, with :ref:`separators`. Cannot be set.
-
-         .. admonition:: Binary Warning
-
-             :class:`Dataset.ods` contains binary data, so make sure to write in binary mode::
-
-                with open('output.ods', 'wb') as f:
-                    f.write(data.ods)
-        """
-        pass
-
-    @property
-    def csv():
-        """A CSV representation of the :class:`Dataset` object. The top row will contain
-        headers, if they have been set. Otherwise, the top row will contain
-        the first row of the dataset.
-
-        A dataset object can also be imported by setting the :class:`Dataset.csv` attribute. ::
-
-            data = tablib.Dataset()
-            data.csv = 'age, first_name, last_name\\n90, John, Adams'
-
-        Import assumes (for now) that headers exist.
-
-        .. admonition:: Binary Warning for Python 2
-
-             :class:`Dataset.csv` uses \\r\\n line endings by default so, in Python 2, make
-             sure to write in binary mode::
-
-                 with open('output.csv', 'wb') as f:
-                     f.write(data.csv)
-
-             If you do not do this, and you export the file on Windows, your
-             CSV file will open in Excel with a blank line between each row.
-
-        .. admonition:: Line endings for Python 3
-
-             :class:`Dataset.csv` uses \\r\\n line endings by default so, in Python 3, make
-             sure to include newline='' otherwise you will get a blank line between each row
-             when you open the file in Excel::
-
-                 with open('output.csv', 'w', newline='') as f:
-                     f.write(data.csv)
-
-             If you do not do this, and you export the file on Windows, your
-             CSV file will open in Excel with a blank line between each row.
-        """
-        pass
-
-    @property
-    def tsv():
-        """A TSV representation of the :class:`Dataset` object. The top row will contain
-        headers, if they have been set. Otherwise, the top row will contain
-        the first row of the dataset.
-
-        A dataset object can also be imported by setting the :class:`Dataset.tsv` attribute. ::
-
-            data = tablib.Dataset()
-            data.tsv = 'age\tfirst_name\tlast_name\\n90\tJohn\tAdams'
-
-        Import assumes (for now) that headers exist.
-        """
-        pass
-
-    @property
-    def yaml():
-        """A YAML representation of the :class:`Dataset` object. If headers have been
-        set, a YAML list of objects will be returned. If no headers have
-        been set, a YAML list of lists (rows) will be returned instead.
-
-        A dataset object can also be imported by setting the :class:`Dataset.yaml` attribute: ::
-
-            data = tablib.Dataset()
-            data.yaml = '- {age: 90, first_name: John, last_name: Adams}'
-
-        Import assumes (for now) that headers exist.
-        """
-        pass
-
-    @property
-    def df():
-        """A DataFrame representation of the :class:`Dataset` object.
-
-        A dataset object can also be imported by setting the :class:`Dataset.df` attribute: ::
-
-            data = tablib.Dataset()
-            data.df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(6,4))
-
-        Import assumes (for now) that headers exist.
-        """
-        pass
-
-    @property
-    def json():
-        """A JSON representation of the :class:`Dataset` object. If headers have been
-        set, a JSON list of objects will be returned. If no headers have
-        been set, a JSON list of lists (rows) will be returned instead.
-
-        A dataset object can also be imported by setting the :class:`Dataset.json` attribute: ::
-
-            data = tablib.Dataset()
-            data.json = '[{"age": 90, "first_name": "John", "last_name": "Adams"}]'
-
-        Import assumes (for now) that headers exist.
-        """
-        pass
-
-    @property
-    def html():
-        """A HTML table representation of the :class:`Dataset` object. If
-        headers have been set, they will be used as table headers.
-
-        ..notice:: This method can be used for export only.
-        """
-        pass
-
-    @property
-    def dbf():
-        """A dBASE representation of the :class:`Dataset` object.
-
-        A dataset object can also be imported by setting the
-        :class:`Dataset.dbf` attribute. ::
-
-            # To import data from an existing DBF file:
-            data = tablib.Dataset()
-            data.dbf = open('existing_table.dbf', mode='rb').read()
-
-            # to import data from an ASCII-encoded bytestring:
-            data = tablib.Dataset()
-            data.dbf = '<bytestring of tabular data>'
-
-        .. admonition:: Binary Warning
-
-            :class:`Dataset.dbf` contains binary data, so make sure to write in binary mode::
-
-                with open('output.dbf', 'wb') as f:
-                    f.write(data.dbf)
-        """
-        pass
-
-    @property
-    def latex():
-        """A LaTeX booktabs representation of the :class:`Dataset` object. If a
-        title has been set, it will be exported as the table caption.
-
-        .. note:: This method can be used for export only.
-        """
-        pass
-
-    @property
-    def jira():
-        """A Jira table representation of the :class:`Dataset` object.
-
-        .. note:: This method can be used for export only.
-        """
-        pass
 
     # ----
     # Rows
@@ -656,28 +444,28 @@ class Dataset(object):
 
     def rpush(self, row, tags=list()):
         """Adds a row to the end of the :class:`Dataset`.
-        See :class:`Dataset.insert` for additional documentation.
+        See :method:`Dataset.insert` for additional documentation.
         """
 
         self.insert(self.height, row=row, tags=tags)
 
     def lpush(self, row, tags=list()):
         """Adds a row to the top of the :class:`Dataset`.
-        See :class:`Dataset.insert` for additional documentation.
+        See :method:`Dataset.insert` for additional documentation.
         """
 
         self.insert(0, row=row, tags=tags)
 
     def append(self, row, tags=list()):
         """Adds a row to the :class:`Dataset`.
-        See :class:`Dataset.insert` for additional documentation.
+        See :method:`Dataset.insert` for additional documentation.
         """
 
         self.rpush(row, tags)
 
     def extend(self, rows, tags=list()):
         """Adds a list of rows to the :class:`Dataset` using
-        :class:`Dataset.append`
+        :method:`Dataset.append`
         """
 
         for row in rows:
@@ -719,20 +507,20 @@ class Dataset(object):
 
             data.append_col(col=random.randint)
 
-        If inserting a column, and :class:`Dataset.headers` is set, the
+        If inserting a column, and :attr:`Dataset.headers` is set, the
         header attribute must be set, and will be considered the header for
         that row.
 
         See :ref:`dyncols` for an in-depth example.
 
         .. versionchanged:: 0.9.0
-           If inserting a column, and :class:`Dataset.headers` is set, the
+           If inserting a column, and :attr:`Dataset.headers` is set, the
            header attribute must be set, and will be considered the header for
            that row.
 
         .. versionadded:: 0.9.0
            If inserting a row, you can add :ref:`tags <tags>` to the row you are inserting.
-           This gives you the ability to :class:`filter <Dataset.filter>` your
+           This gives you the ability to :method:`filter <Dataset.filter>` your
            :class:`Dataset` later.
 
         """
@@ -769,14 +557,14 @@ class Dataset(object):
 
     def rpush_col(self, col, header=None):
         """Adds a column to the end of the :class:`Dataset`.
-        See :class:`Dataset.insert` for additional documentation.
+        See :method:`Dataset.insert` for additional documentation.
         """
 
         self.insert_col(self.width, col, header=header)
 
     def lpush_col(self, col, header=None):
         """Adds a column to the top of the :class:`Dataset`.
-        See :class:`Dataset.insert` for additional documentation.
+        See :method:`Dataset.insert` for additional documentation.
         """
 
         self.insert_col(0, col, header=header)
@@ -800,7 +588,7 @@ class Dataset(object):
 
     def append_col(self, col, header=None):
         """Adds a column to the :class:`Dataset`.
-        See :class:`Dataset.insert_col` for additional documentation.
+        See :method:`Dataset.insert_col` for additional documentation.
         """
 
         self.rpush_col(col, header)
@@ -824,9 +612,9 @@ class Dataset(object):
                         each cell value.
         """
 
-        if isinstance(col, unicode):
+        if isinstance(col, str):
             if col in self.headers:
-                col = self.headers.index(col) # get 'key' index from each data
+                col = self.headers.index(col)  # get 'key' index from each data
             else:
                 raise KeyError
 
@@ -855,7 +643,7 @@ class Dataset(object):
         sorted.
         """
 
-        if isinstance(col, (str, unicode)):
+        if isinstance(col, str):
 
             if not self.headers:
                 raise HeadersNeeded
@@ -992,13 +780,13 @@ class Dataset(object):
         if cols is None:
             cols = list(self.headers)
 
-        #filter out impossible rows and columns
+        # filter out impossible rows and columns
         rows = [row for row in rows if row in range(self.height)]
         cols = [header for header in cols if header in self.headers]
 
         _dset = Dataset()
 
-        #filtering rows and columns
+        # filtering rows and columns
         _dset.headers = list(cols)
 
         _dset._data = []
@@ -1017,20 +805,12 @@ class Dataset(object):
         return _dset
 
 
-class Databook(object):
+class Databook:
     """A book of :class:`Dataset` objects.
     """
 
-    _formats = {}
-
     def __init__(self, sets=None):
-
+        self._datasets = sets or []
-        if sets is None:
-            self._datasets = list()
-        else:
-            self._datasets = sets
-
-        self._register_formats()
 
     def __repr__(self):
         try:
@@ -1042,21 +822,6 @@ class Databook(object):
         """Removes all :class:`Dataset` objects from the :class:`Databook`."""
         self._datasets = []
 
-    @classmethod
-    def _register_formats(cls):
-        """Adds format properties."""
-        for fmt in formats.available:
-            try:
-                try:
-                    setattr(cls, fmt.title, property(fmt.export_book, fmt.import_book))
-                    cls._formats[fmt.title] = (fmt.export_book, fmt.import_book)
-                except AttributeError:
-                    setattr(cls, fmt.title, property(fmt.export_book))
-                    cls._formats[fmt.title] = (fmt.export_book, None)
-
-            except AttributeError:
-                cls._formats[fmt.title] = (None, None)
-
     def sheets(self):
         return self._datasets
 
@@ -1078,8 +843,8 @@ class Databook(object):
 
         for dset in self._datasets:
             collector.append(dict_pack(
-                title = dset.title,
+                title=dset.title,
-                data = dset._package(ordered=ordered)
+                data=dset._package(ordered=ordered)
             ))
         return collector
 
@@ -1091,18 +856,20 @@ class Databook(object):
     def load(self, in_stream, format, **kwargs):
         """
         Import `in_stream` to the :class:`Databook` object using the `format`.
+        `in_stream` can be a file-like object, a string, or a bytestring.
 
         :param \\*\\*kwargs: (optional) custom configuration to the format `import_book`.
         """
 
+        stream = normalize_input(in_stream)
         if not format:
-            format = detect_format(in_stream)
+            format = detect_format(stream)
 
-        export_book, import_book = self._formats.get(format, (None, None))
+        fmt = registry.get_format(format)
-        if not import_book:
+        if not hasattr(fmt, 'import_book'):
-            raise UnsupportedFormat('Format {0} cannot be loaded.'.format(format))
+            raise UnsupportedFormat(f'Format {format} cannot be loaded.')
 
-        import_book(self, in_stream, **kwargs)
+        fmt.import_book(self, stream, **kwargs)
         return self
 
     def export(self, format, **kwargs):
@@ -1111,50 +878,40 @@ class Databook(object):
 
         :param \\*\\*kwargs: (optional) custom configuration to the format `export_book`.
         """
-        export_book, import_book = self._formats.get(format, (None, None))
+        fmt = registry.get_format(format)
-        if not export_book:
+        if not hasattr(fmt, 'export_book'):
-            raise UnsupportedFormat('Format {0} cannot be exported.'.format(format))
+            raise UnsupportedFormat(f'Format {format} cannot be exported.')
 
-        return export_book(self, **kwargs)
+        return fmt.export_book(self, **kwargs)
 
 
 def detect_format(stream):
-    """Return format name of given stream."""
+    """Return format name of given stream (file-like object, string, or bytestring)."""
-    for fmt in formats.available:
+    stream = normalize_input(stream)
+    fmt_title = None
+    for fmt in registry.formats():
         try:
             if fmt.detect(stream):
-                return fmt.title
+                fmt_title = fmt.title
+                break
         except AttributeError:
             pass
+        finally:
+            if hasattr(stream, 'seek'):
+                stream.seek(0)
+    return fmt_title
 
 
 def import_set(stream, format=None, **kwargs):
-    """Return dataset of given stream."""
+    """Return dataset of given stream (file-like object, string, or bytestring)."""
 
-    return Dataset().load(stream, format, **kwargs)
+    return Dataset().load(normalize_input(stream), format, **kwargs)
 
 
 def import_book(stream, format=None, **kwargs):
-    """Return dataset of given stream."""
+    """Return dataset of given stream (file-like object, string, or bytestring)."""
 
-    return Databook().load(stream, format, **kwargs)
+    return Databook().load(normalize_input(stream), format, **kwargs)
 
 
-class InvalidDatasetType(Exception):
+registry.register_builtins()
-    "Only Datasets can be added to a DataBook"
-
-
-class InvalidDimensions(Exception):
-    "Invalid size"
-
-
-class InvalidDatasetIndex(Exception):
-    "Outside of Dataset size"
-
-
-class HeadersNeeded(Exception):
-    "Header parameter must be given when appending a column in this Dataset."
-
-
-class UnsupportedFormat(NotImplementedError):
-    "Format is not supported"

src/tablib/exceptions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+class InvalidDatasetType(Exception):
+    "Only Datasets can be added to a DataBook"
+
+
+class InvalidDimensions(Exception):
+    "Invalid size"
+
+
+class InvalidDatasetIndex(Exception):
+    "Outside of Dataset size"
+
+
+class HeadersNeeded(Exception):
+    "Header parameter must be given when appending a column in this Dataset."
+
+
+class UnsupportedFormat(NotImplementedError):
+    "Format is not supported"

src/tablib/formats/__init__.py

@@ -1,21 +1,135 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 """ Tablib - formats
 """
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from functools import partialmethod
+from importlib import import_module
+from importlib.util import find_spec
 
-from . import _csv as csv
+from tablib.exceptions import UnsupportedFormat
-from . import _json as json
+from tablib.utils import normalize_input
-from . import _xls as xls
-from . import _yaml as yaml
-from . import _tsv as tsv
-from . import _html as html
-from . import _xlsx as xlsx
-from . import _ods as ods
-from . import _dbf as dbf
-from . import _latex as latex
-from . import _df as df
-from . import _rst as rst
-from . import _jira as jira
 
-# xlsx before as xls (xlrd) can also read xlsx
+from ._csv import CSVFormat
-available = (json, xlsx, xls, yaml, csv, dbf, tsv, html, jira, latex, ods, df, rst)
+from ._json import JSONFormat
+from ._tsv import TSVFormat
+
+uninstalled_format_messages = {
+    "cli": {"package_name": "tabulate package", "extras_name": "cli"},
+    "df": {"package_name": "pandas package", "extras_name": "pandas"},
+    "html": {"package_name": "MarkupPy package", "extras_name": "html"},
+    "ods": {"package_name": "odfpy package", "extras_name": "ods"},
+    "xls": {"package_name": "xlrd and xlwt packages", "extras_name": "xls"},
+    "xlsx": {"package_name": "openpyxl package", "extras_name": "xlsx"},
+    "yaml": {"package_name": "pyyaml package", "extras_name": "yaml"},
+}
+
+
+def load_format_class(dotted_path):
+    try:
+        module_path, class_name = dotted_path.rsplit('.', 1)
+        return getattr(import_module(module_path), class_name)
+    except (ValueError, AttributeError) as err:
+        raise ImportError(f"Unable to load format class '{dotted_path}' ({err})")
+
+
+class FormatDescriptorBase:
+    def __init__(self, key, format_or_path):
+        self.key = key
+        self._format_path = None
+        if isinstance(format_or_path, str):
+            self._format = None
+            self._format_path = format_or_path
+        else:
+            self._format = format_or_path
+
+    def ensure_format_loaded(self):
+        if self._format is None:
+            self._format = load_format_class(self._format_path)
+
+
+class ImportExportBookDescriptor(FormatDescriptorBase):
+    def __get__(self, obj, cls, **kwargs):
+        self.ensure_format_loaded()
+        return self._format.export_book(obj, **kwargs)
+
+    def __set__(self, obj, val):
+        self.ensure_format_loaded()
+        return self._format.import_book(obj, normalize_input(val))
+
+
+class ImportExportSetDescriptor(FormatDescriptorBase):
+    def __get__(self, obj, cls, **kwargs):
+        self.ensure_format_loaded()
+        return self._format.export_set(obj, **kwargs)
+
+    def __set__(self, obj, val):
+        self.ensure_format_loaded()
+        return self._format.import_set(obj, normalize_input(val))
+
+
+class Registry:
+    _formats = OrderedDict()
+
+    def register(self, key, format_or_path):
+        from tablib.core import Databook, Dataset
+
+        # Create Databook.<format> read or read/write properties
+        setattr(Databook, key, ImportExportBookDescriptor(key, format_or_path))
+
+        # Create Dataset.<format> read or read/write properties,
+        # and Dataset.get_<format>/set_<format> methods.
+        setattr(Dataset, key, ImportExportSetDescriptor(key, format_or_path))
+        try:
+            setattr(Dataset, 'get_%s' % key, partialmethod(Dataset._get_in_format, key))
+            setattr(Dataset, 'set_%s' % key, partialmethod(Dataset._set_in_format, key))
+        except AttributeError:
+            setattr(Dataset, 'get_%s' % key, partialmethod(Dataset._get_in_format, key))
+
+        self._formats[key] = format_or_path
+
+    def register_builtins(self):
+        # Registration ordering matters for autodetection.
+        self.register('json', JSONFormat())
+        # xlsx before as xls (xlrd) can also read xlsx
+        if find_spec('openpyxl'):
+            self.register('xlsx', 'tablib.formats._xlsx.XLSXFormat')
+        if find_spec('xlrd') and find_spec('xlwt'):
+            self.register('xls', 'tablib.formats._xls.XLSFormat')
+        if find_spec('yaml'):
+            self.register('yaml', 'tablib.formats._yaml.YAMLFormat')
+        self.register('csv', CSVFormat())
+        self.register('tsv', TSVFormat())
+        if find_spec('odf'):
+            self.register('ods', 'tablib.formats._ods.ODSFormat')
+        self.register('dbf', 'tablib.formats._dbf.DBFFormat')
+        if find_spec('MarkupPy'):
+            self.register('html', 'tablib.formats._html.HTMLFormat')
+        self.register('jira', 'tablib.formats._jira.JIRAFormat')
+        self.register('latex', 'tablib.formats._latex.LATEXFormat')
+        if find_spec('pandas'):
+            self.register('df', 'tablib.formats._df.DataFrameFormat')
+        self.register('rst', 'tablib.formats._rst.ReSTFormat')
+        if find_spec('tabulate'):
+            self.register('cli', 'tablib.formats._cli.CLIFormat')
+
+    def formats(self):
+        for key, frm in self._formats.items():
+            if isinstance(frm, str):
+                self._formats[key] = load_format_class(frm)
+            yield self._formats[key]
+
+    def get_format(self, key):
+        if key not in self._formats:
+            if key in uninstalled_format_messages:
+                raise UnsupportedFormat(
+                    "The '{key}' format is not available. You may want to install the "
+                    "{package_name} (or `pip install \"tablib[{extras_name}]\"`).".format(
+                        **uninstalled_format_messages[key], key=key
+                    )
+                )
+            raise UnsupportedFormat("Tablib has no format '%s' or it is not registered." % key)
+        if isinstance(self._formats[key], str):
+            self._formats[key] = load_format_class(self._formats[key])
+        return self._formats[key]
+
+
+registry = Registry()

src/tablib/formats/_cli.py

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+"""Tablib - Command-line Interface table export support.
+
+   Generates a representation for CLI from the dataset.
+   Wrapper for tabulate library.
+"""
+from tabulate import tabulate as Tabulate
+
+
+class CLIFormat:
+    """ Class responsible to export to CLI Format """
+    title = 'cli'
+    DEFAULT_FMT = 'plain'
+
+    @classmethod
+    def export_set(cls, dataset, **kwargs):
+        """Returns CLI representation of a Dataset."""
+        if dataset.headers:
+            kwargs.setdefault('headers', dataset.headers)
+        kwargs.setdefault('tablefmt', cls.DEFAULT_FMT)
+        return Tabulate(dataset, **kwargs)

src/tablib/formats/_csv.py

@@ -1,59 +1,60 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 """ Tablib - *SV Support.
 """
 
-from tablib.compat import csv, StringIO, unicode
+import csv
+from io import StringIO
 
 
-title = 'csv'
+class CSVFormat:
-extensions = ('csv',)
+    title = 'csv'
+    extensions = ('csv',)
 
+    DEFAULT_DELIMITER = ','
 
-DEFAULT_DELIMITER = unicode(',')
+    @classmethod
+    def export_stream_set(cls, dataset, **kwargs):
+        """Returns CSV representation of Dataset as file-like."""
+        stream = StringIO()
 
+        kwargs.setdefault('delimiter', cls.DEFAULT_DELIMITER)
 
-def export_stream_set(dataset, **kwargs):
+        _csv = csv.writer(stream, **kwargs)
-    """Returns CSV representation of Dataset as file-like."""
-    stream = StringIO()
 
-    kwargs.setdefault('delimiter', DEFAULT_DELIMITER)
+        for row in dataset._package(dicts=False):
+            _csv.writerow(row)
 
-    _csv = csv.writer(stream, **kwargs)
+        stream.seek(0)
+        return stream
 
-    for row in dataset._package(dicts=False):
+    @classmethod
-        _csv.writerow(row)
+    def export_set(cls, dataset, **kwargs):
+        """Returns CSV representation of Dataset."""
+        stream = cls.export_stream_set(dataset, **kwargs)
+        return stream.getvalue()
 
-    stream.seek(0)
+    @classmethod
-    return stream
+    def import_set(cls, dset, in_stream, headers=True, **kwargs):
+        """Returns dataset from CSV stream."""
 
+        dset.wipe()
 
-def export_set(dataset, **kwargs):
+        kwargs.setdefault('delimiter', cls.DEFAULT_DELIMITER)
-    """Returns CSV representation of Dataset."""
-    stream = export_stream_set(dataset, **kwargs)
-    return stream.getvalue()
 
+        rows = csv.reader(in_stream, **kwargs)
+        for i, row in enumerate(rows):
 
-def import_set(dset, in_stream, headers=True, **kwargs):
+            if (i == 0) and (headers):
-    """Returns dataset from CSV stream."""
+                dset.headers = row
+            elif row:
+                if i > 0 and len(row) < dset.width:
+                    row += [''] * (dset.width - len(row))
+                dset.append(row)
 
-    dset.wipe()
+    @classmethod
-
+    def detect(cls, stream, delimiter=None):
-    kwargs.setdefault('delimiter', DEFAULT_DELIMITER)
+        """Returns True if given stream is valid CSV."""
-
+        try:
-    rows = csv.reader(StringIO(in_stream), **kwargs)
+            csv.Sniffer().sniff(stream.read(1024), delimiters=delimiter or cls.DEFAULT_DELIMITER)
-    for i, row in enumerate(rows):
+            return True
-
+        except Exception:
-        if (i == 0) and (headers):
+            return False
-            dset.headers = row
-        elif row:
-            dset.append(row)
-
-
-def detect(stream, delimiter=DEFAULT_DELIMITER):
-    """Returns True if given stream is valid CSV."""
-    try:
-        csv.Sniffer().sniff(stream, delimiters=delimiter)
-        return True
-    except Exception:
-        return False

src/tablib/formats/_dbf.py

@@ -1,87 +1,66 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 """ Tablib - DBF Support.
 """
-import tempfile
+import io
-import struct
 import os
+import tempfile
 
-from tablib.compat import StringIO
+from tablib.packages.dbfpy import dbf, dbfnew
-from tablib.compat import dbfpy
+from tablib.packages.dbfpy import record as dbfrecord
-from tablib.compat import is_py3
-
-if is_py3:
-    from tablib.packages.dbfpy3 import dbf
-    from tablib.packages.dbfpy3 import dbfnew
-    from tablib.packages.dbfpy3 import record as dbfrecord
-    import io
-else:
-    from tablib.packages.dbfpy import dbf
-    from tablib.packages.dbfpy import dbfnew
-    from tablib.packages.dbfpy import record as dbfrecord
 
 
-title = 'dbf'
+class DBFFormat:
-extensions = ('csv',)
+    title = 'dbf'
+    extensions = ('csv',)
 
-DEFAULT_ENCODING = 'utf-8'
+    DEFAULT_ENCODING = 'utf-8'
 
-def export_set(dataset):
+    @classmethod
-    """Returns DBF representation of a Dataset"""
+    def export_set(cls, dataset):
-    new_dbf = dbfnew.dbf_new()
+        """Returns DBF representation of a Dataset"""
-    temp_file, temp_uri = tempfile.mkstemp()
+        new_dbf = dbfnew.dbf_new()
+        temp_file, temp_uri = tempfile.mkstemp()
 
-    # create the appropriate fields based on the contents of the first row
+        # create the appropriate fields based on the contents of the first row
-    first_row = dataset[0]
+        first_row = dataset[0]
-    for fieldname, field_value in zip(dataset.headers, first_row):
+        for fieldname, field_value in zip(dataset.headers, first_row):
-        if type(field_value) in [int, float]:
+            if type(field_value) in [int, float]:
-            new_dbf.add_field(fieldname, 'N', 10, 8)
+                new_dbf.add_field(fieldname, 'N', 10, 8)
-        else:
+            else:
-            new_dbf.add_field(fieldname, 'C', 80)
+                new_dbf.add_field(fieldname, 'C', 80)
 
-    new_dbf.write(temp_uri)
+        new_dbf.write(temp_uri)
 
-    dbf_file = dbf.Dbf(temp_uri, readOnly=0)
+        dbf_file = dbf.Dbf(temp_uri, readOnly=0)
-    for row in dataset:
+        for row in dataset:
-        record = dbfrecord.DbfRecord(dbf_file)
+            record = dbfrecord.DbfRecord(dbf_file)
-        for fieldname, field_value in zip(dataset.headers, row):
+            for fieldname, field_value in zip(dataset.headers, row):
-            record[fieldname] = field_value
+                record[fieldname] = field_value
-        record.store()
+            record.store()
 
-    dbf_file.close()
+        dbf_file.close()
-    dbf_stream = open(temp_uri, 'rb')
+        dbf_stream = open(temp_uri, 'rb')
-    if is_py3:
         stream = io.BytesIO(dbf_stream.read())
-    else:
+        dbf_stream.close()
-        stream = StringIO(dbf_stream.read())
+        os.close(temp_file)
-    dbf_stream.close()
+        os.remove(temp_uri)
-    os.close(temp_file)
+        return stream.getvalue()
-    os.remove(temp_uri)
-    return stream.getvalue()
 
-def import_set(dset, in_stream, headers=True):
+    @classmethod
-    """Returns a dataset from a DBF stream."""
+    def import_set(cls, dset, in_stream, headers=True):
+        """Returns a dataset from a DBF stream."""
 
-    dset.wipe()
+        dset.wipe()
-    if is_py3:
+        _dbf = dbf.Dbf(in_stream)
-        _dbf = dbf.Dbf(io.BytesIO(in_stream))
+        dset.headers = _dbf.fieldNames
-    else:
+        for record in range(_dbf.recordCount):
-        _dbf = dbf.Dbf(StringIO(in_stream))
+            row = [_dbf[record][f] for f in _dbf.fieldNames]
-    dset.headers = _dbf.fieldNames
+            dset.append(row)
-    for record in range(_dbf.recordCount):
-        row = [_dbf[record][f] for f in _dbf.fieldNames]
-        dset.append(row)
 
-def detect(stream):
+    @classmethod
-    """Returns True if the given stream is valid DBF"""
+    def detect(cls, stream):
-    #_dbf = dbf.Table(StringIO(stream))
+        """Returns True if the given stream is valid DBF"""
-    try:
+        try:
-        if is_py3:
+            _dbf = dbf.Dbf(stream, readOnly=True)
-            if type(stream) is not bytes:
+            return True
-                stream = bytes(stream, 'utf-8')
+        except Exception:
-            _dbf = dbf.Dbf(io.BytesIO(stream), readOnly=True)
+            return False
-        else:
-            _dbf = dbf.Dbf(StringIO(stream), readOnly=True)
-        return True
-    except Exception:
-        return False

src/tablib/formats/_df.py

@@ -1,43 +1,41 @@
 """ Tablib - DataFrame Support.
 """
 
-import sys
-from io import BytesIO
-
 try:
     from pandas import DataFrame
 except ImportError:
     DataFrame = None
 
-import tablib
 
-from tablib.compat import unicode
+class DataFrameFormat:
+    title = 'df'
+    extensions = ('df',)
 
-title = 'df'
+    @classmethod
-extensions = ('df', )
+    def detect(cls, stream):
+        """Returns True if given stream is a DataFrame."""
+        if DataFrame is None:
+            return False
+        elif isinstance(stream, DataFrame):
+            return True
+        try:
+            DataFrame(stream.read())
+            return True
+        except ValueError:
+            return False
 
-def detect(stream):
+    @classmethod
-    """Returns True if given stream is a DataFrame."""
+    def export_set(cls, dset, index=None):
-    if DataFrame is None:
+        """Returns DataFrame representation of DataBook."""
-        return False
+        if DataFrame is None:
-    try:
+            raise NotImplementedError(
-        DataFrame(stream)
+                'DataFrame Format requires `pandas` to be installed.'
-        return True
+                ' Try `pip install "tablib[pandas]"`.')
-    except ValueError:
+        dataframe = DataFrame(dset.dict, columns=dset.headers)
-        return False
+        return dataframe
 
-
+    @classmethod
-def export_set(dset, index=None):
+    def import_set(cls, dset, in_stream):
-    """Returns DataFrame representation of DataBook."""
+        """Returns dataset from DataFrame."""
-    if DataFrame is None:
+        dset.wipe()
-        raise NotImplementedError(
+        dset.dict = in_stream.to_dict(orient='records')
-            'DataFrame Format requires `pandas` to be installed.'
-            ' Try `pip install tablib[pandas]`.')
-    dataframe = DataFrame(dset.dict, columns=dset.headers)
-    return dataframe
-
-
-def import_set(dset, in_stream):
-    """Returns dataset from DataFrame."""
-    dset.wipe()
-    dset.dict = in_stream.to_dict(orient='records')

src/tablib/formats/_html.py

@@ -1,65 +1,62 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 """ Tablib - HTML export support.
 """
 
 import codecs
-import sys
 from io import BytesIO
 
 from MarkupPy import markup
-import tablib
-from tablib.compat import unicode
-
-BOOK_ENDINGS = 'h3'
-
-title = 'html'
-extensions = ('html', )
 
 
-def export_set(dataset):
+class HTMLFormat:
-    """HTML representation of a Dataset."""
+    BOOK_ENDINGS = 'h3'
 
-    stream = BytesIO()
+    title = 'html'
+    extensions = ('html', )
 
-    page = markup.page()
+    @classmethod
-    page.table.open()
+    def export_set(cls, dataset):
+        """HTML representation of a Dataset."""
 
-    if dataset.headers is not None:
+        stream = BytesIO()
-        new_header = [item if item is not None else '' for item in dataset.headers]
 
-        page.thead.open()
+        page = markup.page()
-        headers = markup.oneliner.th(new_header)
+        page.table.open()
-        page.tr(headers)
-        page.thead.close()
 
-    for row in dataset:
+        if dataset.headers is not None:
-        new_row = [item if item is not None else '' for item in row]
+            new_header = [item if item is not None else '' for item in dataset.headers]
 
-        html_row = markup.oneliner.td(new_row)
+            page.thead.open()
-        page.tr(html_row)
+            headers = markup.oneliner.th(new_header)
+            page.tr(headers)
+            page.thead.close()
 
-    page.table.close()
+        for row in dataset:
+            new_row = [item if item is not None else '' for item in row]
 
-    # Allow unicode characters in output
+            html_row = markup.oneliner.td(new_row)
-    wrapper = codecs.getwriter("utf8")(stream)
+            page.tr(html_row)
-    wrapper.writelines(unicode(page))
 
-    return stream.getvalue().decode('utf-8')
+        page.table.close()
 
+        # Allow unicode characters in output
+        wrapper = codecs.getwriter("utf8")(stream)
+        wrapper.writelines(str(page))
 
-def export_book(databook):
+        return stream.getvalue().decode('utf-8')
-    """HTML representation of a Databook."""
 
-    stream = BytesIO()
+    @classmethod
+    def export_book(cls, databook):
+        """HTML representation of a Databook."""
 
-    # Allow unicode characters in output
+        stream = BytesIO()
-    wrapper = codecs.getwriter("utf8")(stream)
 
-    for i, dset in enumerate(databook._datasets):
+        # Allow unicode characters in output
-        title = (dset.title if dset.title else 'Set %s' % (i))
+        wrapper = codecs.getwriter("utf8")(stream)
-        wrapper.write('<%s>%s</%s>\n' % (BOOK_ENDINGS, title, BOOK_ENDINGS))
-        wrapper.write(dset.html)
-        wrapper.write('\n')
 
-    return stream.getvalue().decode('utf-8')
+        for i, dset in enumerate(databook._datasets):
+            title = (dset.title if dset.title else 'Set %s' % (i))
+            wrapper.write(f'<{cls.BOOK_ENDINGS}>{title}</{cls.BOOK_ENDINGS}>\n')
+            wrapper.write(dset.html)
+            wrapper.write('\n')
+
+        return stream.getvalue().decode('utf-8')

src/tablib/formats/_jira.py

@@ -1,39 +1,40 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 """Tablib - Jira table export support.
 
    Generates a Jira table from the dataset.
 """
-from tablib.compat import unicode
-
-title = 'jira'
 
 
-def export_set(dataset):
+class JIRAFormat:
-    """Formats the dataset according to the Jira table syntax:
+    title = 'jira'
 
-    ||heading 1||heading 2||heading 3||
+    @classmethod
-    |col A1|col A2|col A3|
+    def export_set(cls, dataset):
-    |col B1|col B2|col B3|
+        """Formats the dataset according to the Jira table syntax:
 
-    :param dataset: dataset to serialize
+        ||heading 1||heading 2||heading 3||
-    :type dataset: tablib.core.Dataset
+        |col A1|col A2|col A3|
-    """
+        |col B1|col B2|col B3|
 
-    header = _get_header(dataset.headers) if dataset.headers else ''
+        :param dataset: dataset to serialize
-    body = _get_body(dataset)
+        :type dataset: tablib.core.Dataset
-    return '%s\n%s' % (header, body) if header else body
+        """
 
+        header = cls._get_header(dataset.headers) if dataset.headers else ''
+        body = cls._get_body(dataset)
+        return f'{header}\n{body}' if header else body
 
-def _get_body(dataset):
+    @classmethod
-    return '\n'.join([_serialize_row(row) for row in dataset])
+    def _get_body(cls, dataset):
+        return '\n'.join([cls._serialize_row(row) for row in dataset])
 
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_header(cls, headers):
+        return cls._serialize_row(headers, delimiter='||')
 
-def _get_header(headers):
+    @classmethod
-    return _serialize_row(headers, delimiter='||')
+    def _serialize_row(cls, row, delimiter='|'):
-
+        return '{}{}{}'.format(
-
+            delimiter,
-def _serialize_row(row, delimiter='|'):
+            delimiter.join([str(item) if item else ' ' for item in row]),
-    return '%s%s%s' % (delimiter,
+            delimiter
-                       delimiter.join([unicode(item) if item else ' ' for item in row]),
+        )
-                       delimiter)

src/tablib/formats/_json.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 """ Tablib - JSON Support
 """
 import decimal
@@ -9,10 +7,6 @@ from uuid import UUID
 import tablib
 
 
-title = 'json'
-extensions = ('json', 'jsn')
-
-
 def serialize_objects_handler(obj):
     if isinstance(obj, (decimal.Decimal, UUID)):
         return str(obj)
@@ -22,38 +16,43 @@ def serialize_objects_handler(obj):
         return obj
 
 
-def export_set(dataset):
+class JSONFormat:
-    """Returns JSON representation of Dataset."""
+    title = 'json'
-    return json.dumps(dataset.dict, default=serialize_objects_handler)
+    extensions = ('json', 'jsn')
 
+    @classmethod
+    def export_set(cls, dataset):
+        """Returns JSON representation of Dataset."""
+        return json.dumps(dataset.dict, default=serialize_objects_handler)
 
-def export_book(databook):
+    @classmethod
-    """Returns JSON representation of Databook."""
+    def export_book(cls, databook):
-    return json.dumps(databook._package(), default=serialize_objects_handler)
+        """Returns JSON representation of Databook."""
+        return json.dumps(databook._package(), default=serialize_objects_handler)
 
+    @classmethod
+    def import_set(cls, dset, in_stream):
+        """Returns dataset from JSON stream."""
 
-def import_set(dset, in_stream):
+        dset.wipe()
-    """Returns dataset from JSON stream."""
+        dset.dict = json.load(in_stream)
 
-    dset.wipe()
+    @classmethod
-    dset.dict = json.loads(in_stream)
+    def import_book(cls, dbook, in_stream):
+        """Returns databook from JSON stream."""
 
+        dbook.wipe()
+        for sheet in json.load(in_stream):
+            data = tablib.Dataset()
+            data.title = sheet['title']
+            data.dict = sheet['data']
+            dbook.add_sheet(data)
 
-def import_book(dbook, in_stream):
+    @classmethod
-    """Returns databook from JSON stream."""
+    def detect(cls, stream):
-
+        """Returns True if given stream is valid JSON."""
-    dbook.wipe()
+        try:
-    for sheet in json.loads(in_stream):
+            json.load(stream)
-        data = tablib.Dataset()
+            return True
-        data.title = sheet['title']
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
-        data.dict = sheet['data']
+            return False
-        dbook.add_sheet(data)
-
-
-def detect(stream):
-    """Returns True if given stream is valid JSON."""
-    try:
-        json.loads(stream)
-        return True
-    except (TypeError, ValueError):
-        return False

src/tablib/formats/_latex.py

@@ -1,17 +1,15 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 """Tablib - LaTeX table export support.
 
    Generates a LaTeX booktabs-style table from the dataset.
 """
 import re
 
-from tablib.compat import unicode
 
-title = 'latex'
+class LATEXFormat:
-extensions = ('tex',)
+    title = 'latex'
+    extensions = ('tex',)
 
-TABLE_TEMPLATE = """\
+    TABLE_TEMPLATE = """\
 %% Note: add \\usepackage{booktabs} to your preamble
 %%
 \\begin{table}[!htbp]
@@ -27,108 +25,108 @@ TABLE_TEMPLATE = """\
 \\end{table}
 """
 
-TEX_RESERVED_SYMBOLS_MAP = dict([
+    TEX_RESERVED_SYMBOLS_MAP = dict([
-    ('\\', '\\textbackslash{}'),
+        ('\\', '\\textbackslash{}'),
-    ('{', '\\{'),
+        ('{', '\\{'),
-    ('}', '\\}'),
+        ('}', '\\}'),
-    ('$', '\\$'),
+        ('$', '\\$'),
-    ('&', '\\&'),
+        ('&', '\\&'),
-    ('#', '\\#'),
+        ('#', '\\#'),
-    ('^', '\\textasciicircum{}'),
+        ('^', '\\textasciicircum{}'),
-    ('_', '\\_'),
+        ('_', '\\_'),
-    ('~', '\\textasciitilde{}'),
+        ('~', '\\textasciitilde{}'),
-    ('%', '\\%'),
+        ('%', '\\%'),
-])
+    ])
 
-TEX_RESERVED_SYMBOLS_RE = re.compile(
+    TEX_RESERVED_SYMBOLS_RE = re.compile(
-    '(%s)' % '|'.join(map(re.escape, TEX_RESERVED_SYMBOLS_MAP.keys())))
+        '(%s)' % '|'.join(map(re.escape, TEX_RESERVED_SYMBOLS_MAP.keys())))
 
+    @classmethod
+    def export_set(cls, dataset):
+        """Returns LaTeX representation of dataset
 
-def export_set(dataset):
+        :param dataset: dataset to serialize
-    """Returns LaTeX representation of dataset
+        :type dataset: tablib.core.Dataset
+        """
 
-    :param dataset: dataset to serialize
+        caption = '\\caption{%s}' % dataset.title if dataset.title else '%'
-    :type dataset: tablib.core.Dataset
+        colspec = cls._colspec(dataset.width)
-    """
+        header = cls._serialize_row(dataset.headers) if dataset.headers else ''
+        midrule = cls._midrule(dataset.width)
+        body = '\n'.join([cls._serialize_row(row) for row in dataset])
+        return cls.TABLE_TEMPLATE % dict(CAPTION=caption, COLSPEC=colspec,
+                                     HEADER=header, MIDRULE=midrule, BODY=body)
 
-    caption = '\\caption{%s}' % dataset.title if dataset.title else '%'
+    @classmethod
-    colspec = _colspec(dataset.width)
+    def _colspec(cls, dataset_width):
-    header = _serialize_row(dataset.headers) if dataset.headers else ''
+        """Generates the column specification for the LaTeX `tabular` environment
-    midrule = _midrule(dataset.width)
+        based on the dataset width.
-    body = '\n'.join([_serialize_row(row) for row in dataset])
-    return TABLE_TEMPLATE % dict(CAPTION=caption, COLSPEC=colspec,
-                                 HEADER=header, MIDRULE=midrule, BODY=body)
 
+        The first column is justified to the left, all further columns are aligned
+        to the right.
 
-def _colspec(dataset_width):
+        .. note:: This is only a heuristic and most probably has to be fine-tuned
-    """Generates the column specification for the LaTeX `tabular` environment
+        post export. Column alignment should depend on the data type, e.g., textual
-    based on the dataset width.
+        content should usually be aligned to the left while numeric content almost
+        always should be aligned to the right.
 
-    The first column is justified to the left, all further columns are aligned
+        :param dataset_width: width of the dataset
-    to the right.
+        """
 
-    .. note:: This is only a heuristic and most probably has to be fine-tuned
+        spec = 'l'
-    post export. Column alignment should depend on the data type, e.g., textual
+        for _ in range(1, dataset_width):
-    content should usually be aligned to the left while numeric content almost
+            spec += 'r'
-    always should be aligned to the right.
+        return spec
 
-    :param dataset_width: width of the dataset
+    @classmethod
-    """
+    def _midrule(cls, dataset_width):
+        """Generates the table `midrule`, which may be composed of several
+        `cmidrules`.
 
-    spec = 'l'
+        :param dataset_width: width of the dataset to serialize
-    for _ in range(1, dataset_width):
+        """
-        spec += 'r'
-    return spec
 
+        if not dataset_width or dataset_width == 1:
+            return '\\midrule'
+        return ' '.join([cls._cmidrule(colindex, dataset_width) for colindex in
+                         range(1, dataset_width + 1)])
 
-def _midrule(dataset_width):
+    @classmethod
-    """Generates the table `midrule`, which may be composed of several
+    def _cmidrule(cls, colindex, dataset_width):
-    `cmidrules`.
+        """Generates the `cmidrule` for a single column with appropriate trimming
+        based on the column position.
 
-    :param dataset_width: width of the dataset to serialize
+        :param colindex: Column index
-    """
+        :param dataset_width: width of the dataset
+        """
 
-    if not dataset_width or dataset_width == 1:
+        rule = '\\cmidrule(%s){%d-%d}'
-        return '\\midrule'
+        if colindex == 1:
-    return ' '.join([_cmidrule(colindex, dataset_width) for colindex in
+            # Rule of first column is trimmed on the right
-                     range(1, dataset_width + 1)])
+            return rule % ('r', colindex, colindex)
+        if colindex == dataset_width:
+            # Rule of last column is trimmed on the left
+            return rule % ('l', colindex, colindex)
+        # Inner columns are trimmed on the left and right
+        return rule % ('lr', colindex, colindex)
 
+    @classmethod
+    def _serialize_row(cls, row):
+        """Returns string representation of a single row.
 
-def _cmidrule(colindex, dataset_width):
+        :param row: single dataset row
-    """Generates the `cmidrule` for a single column with appropriate trimming
+        """
-    based on the column position.
 
-    :param colindex: Column index
+        new_row = [cls._escape_tex_reserved_symbols(str(item)) if item else ''
-    :param dataset_width: width of the dataset
+                   for item in row]
-    """
+        return 6 * ' ' + ' & '.join(new_row) + ' \\\\'
 
-    rule = '\\cmidrule(%s){%d-%d}'
+    @classmethod
-    if colindex == 1:
+    def _escape_tex_reserved_symbols(cls, input):
-        # Rule of first column is trimmed on the right
+        """Escapes all TeX reserved symbols ('_', '~', etc.) in a string.
-        return rule % ('r', colindex, colindex)
-    if colindex == dataset_width:
-        # Rule of last column is trimmed on the left
-        return rule % ('l', colindex, colindex)
-    # Inner columns are trimmed on the left and right
-    return rule % ('lr', colindex, colindex)
 
-
+        :param input: String to escape
-def _serialize_row(row):
+        """
-    """Returns string representation of a single row.
+        def replace(match):
-
+            return cls.TEX_RESERVED_SYMBOLS_MAP[match.group()]
-    :param row: single dataset row
+        return cls.TEX_RESERVED_SYMBOLS_RE.sub(replace, input)
-    """
-
-    new_row = [_escape_tex_reserved_symbols(unicode(item)) if item else '' for
-               item in row]
-    return 6 * ' ' + ' & '.join(new_row) + ' \\\\'
-
-
-def _escape_tex_reserved_symbols(input):
-    """Escapes all TeX reserved symbols ('_', '~', etc.) in a string.
-
-    :param input: String to escape
-    """
-    def replace(match):
-        return TEX_RESERVED_SYMBOLS_MAP[match.group()]
-    return TEX_RESERVED_SYMBOLS_RE.sub(replace, input)

src/tablib/formats/_ods.py

@@ -1,104 +1,105 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 """ Tablib - ODF Support.
 """
 
 from io import BytesIO
-from odf import opendocument, style, table, text
-from tablib.compat import unicode
 
-title = 'ods'
+from odf import opendocument, style, table, text
-extensions = ('ods',)
 
 bold = style.Style(name="bold", family="paragraph")
 bold.addElement(style.TextProperties(fontweight="bold", fontweightasian="bold", fontweightcomplex="bold"))
 
-def export_set(dataset):
-    """Returns ODF representation of Dataset."""
 
-    wb = opendocument.OpenDocumentSpreadsheet()
+class ODSFormat:
-    wb.automaticstyles.addElement(bold)
+    title = 'ods'
+    extensions = ('ods',)
 
-    ws = table.Table(name=dataset.title if dataset.title else 'Tablib Dataset')
+    @classmethod
-    wb.spreadsheet.addElement(ws)
+    def export_set(cls, dataset):
-    dset_sheet(dataset, ws)
+        """Returns ODF representation of Dataset."""
 
-    stream = BytesIO()
+        wb = opendocument.OpenDocumentSpreadsheet()
-    wb.save(stream)
+        wb.automaticstyles.addElement(bold)
-    return stream.getvalue()
 
-
+        ws = table.Table(name=dataset.title if dataset.title else 'Tablib Dataset')
-def export_book(databook):
-    """Returns ODF representation of DataBook."""
-
-    wb = opendocument.OpenDocumentSpreadsheet()
-    wb.automaticstyles.addElement(bold)
-
-    for i, dset in enumerate(databook._datasets):
-        ws = table.Table(name=dset.title if dset.title else 'Sheet%s' % (i))
         wb.spreadsheet.addElement(ws)
-        dset_sheet(dset, ws)
+        cls.dset_sheet(dataset, ws)
 
-    stream = BytesIO()
+        stream = BytesIO()
-    wb.save(stream)
+        wb.save(stream)
-    return stream.getvalue()
+        return stream.getvalue()
 
+    @classmethod
+    def export_book(cls, databook):
+        """Returns ODF representation of DataBook."""
 
-def dset_sheet(dataset, ws):
+        wb = opendocument.OpenDocumentSpreadsheet()
-    """Completes given worksheet from given Dataset."""
+        wb.automaticstyles.addElement(bold)
-    _package = dataset._package(dicts=False)
 
-    for i, sep in enumerate(dataset._separators):
+        for i, dset in enumerate(databook._datasets):
-        _offset = i
+            ws = table.Table(name=dset.title if dset.title else 'Sheet%s' % (i))
-        _package.insert((sep[0] + _offset), (sep[1],))
+            wb.spreadsheet.addElement(ws)
+            cls.dset_sheet(dset, ws)
 
-    for i, row in enumerate(_package):
+        stream = BytesIO()
-        row_number = i + 1
+        wb.save(stream)
-        odf_row = table.TableRow(stylename=bold, defaultcellstylename='bold')
+        return stream.getvalue()
-        for j, col in enumerate(row):
-            try:
-                col = unicode(col, errors='ignore')
-            except TypeError:
-                ## col is already unicode
-                pass
-            ws.addElement(table.TableColumn())
 
-            # bold headers
+    @classmethod
-            if (row_number == 1) and dataset.headers:
+    def dset_sheet(cls, dataset, ws):
-                odf_row.setAttribute('stylename', bold)
+        """Completes given worksheet from given Dataset."""
-                ws.addElement(odf_row)
+        _package = dataset._package(dicts=False)
-                cell = table.TableCell()
-                p = text.P()
-                p.addElement(text.Span(text=col, stylename=bold))
-                cell.addElement(p)
-                odf_row.addElement(cell)
 
-            # wrap the rest
+        for i, sep in enumerate(dataset._separators):
-            else:
+            _offset = i
+            _package.insert((sep[0] + _offset), (sep[1],))
+
+        for i, row in enumerate(_package):
+            row_number = i + 1
+            odf_row = table.TableRow(stylename=bold, defaultcellstylename='bold')
+            for j, col in enumerate(row):
                 try:
-                    if '\n' in col:
+                    col = str(col, errors='ignore')
-                        ws.addElement(odf_row)
-                        cell = table.TableCell()
-                        cell.addElement(text.P(text=col))
-                        odf_row.addElement(cell)
-                    else:
-                        ws.addElement(odf_row)
-                        cell = table.TableCell()
-                        cell.addElement(text.P(text=col))
-                        odf_row.addElement(cell)
                 except TypeError:
+                    # col is already str
+                    pass
+                ws.addElement(table.TableColumn())
+
+                # bold headers
+                if (row_number == 1) and dataset.headers:
+                    odf_row.setAttribute('stylename', bold)
                     ws.addElement(odf_row)
                     cell = table.TableCell()
-                    cell.addElement(text.P(text=col))
+                    p = text.P()
+                    p.addElement(text.Span(text=col, stylename=bold))
+                    cell.addElement(p)
                     odf_row.addElement(cell)
 
+                # wrap the rest
+                else:
+                    try:
+                        if '\n' in col:
+                            ws.addElement(odf_row)
+                            cell = table.TableCell()
+                            cell.addElement(text.P(text=col))
+                            odf_row.addElement(cell)
+                        else:
+                            ws.addElement(odf_row)
+                            cell = table.TableCell()
+                            cell.addElement(text.P(text=col))
+                            odf_row.addElement(cell)
+                    except TypeError:
+                        ws.addElement(odf_row)
+                        cell = table.TableCell()
+                        cell.addElement(text.P(text=col))
+                        odf_row.addElement(cell)
 
-def detect(stream):
+    @classmethod
-    if isinstance(stream, bytes):
+    def detect(cls, stream):
-        # load expects a file-like object.
+        if isinstance(stream, bytes):
-        stream = BytesIO(stream)
+            # load expects a file-like object.
-    try:
+            stream = BytesIO(stream)
-        opendocument.load(stream)
+        try:
-        return True
+            opendocument.load(stream)
-    except Exception:
+            return True
-        return False
+        except Exception:
+            return False

src/tablib/formats/_rst.py

@@ -1,273 +1,265 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 """ Tablib - reStructuredText Support
 """
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
+from itertools import zip_longest
+from statistics import median
 from textwrap import TextWrapper
 
-from tablib.compat import (
-    median,
-    unicode,
-    izip_longest,
-)
-
-
-title = 'rst'
-extensions = ('rst',)
-
-
-MAX_TABLE_WIDTH = 80  # Roughly. It may be wider to avoid breaking words.
-
-
 JUSTIFY_LEFT = 'left'
 JUSTIFY_CENTER = 'center'
 JUSTIFY_RIGHT = 'right'
 JUSTIFY_VALUES = (JUSTIFY_LEFT, JUSTIFY_CENTER, JUSTIFY_RIGHT)
 
 
-def to_unicode(value):
+def to_str(value):
     if isinstance(value, bytes):
         return value.decode('utf-8')
-    return unicode(value)
+    return str(value)
 
 
 def _max_word_len(text):
     """
     Return the length of the longest word in `text`.
 
-
     >>> _max_word_len('Python Module for Tabular Datasets')
     8
-
     """
-    return max((len(word) for word in text.split()))
+    return max([len(word) for word in text.split()], default=0) if text else 0
 
 
-def _get_column_string_lengths(dataset):
+class ReSTFormat:
-    """
+    title = 'rst'
-    Returns a list of string lengths of each column, and a list of
+    extensions = ('rst',)
-    maximum word lengths.
-    """
-    if dataset.headers:
-        column_lengths = [[len(h)] for h in dataset.headers]
-        word_lens = [_max_word_len(h) for h in dataset.headers]
-    else:
-        column_lengths = [[] for _ in range(dataset.width)]
-        word_lens = [0 for _ in range(dataset.width)]
-    for row in dataset.dict:
-        values = iter(row.values() if hasattr(row, 'values') else row)
-        for i, val in enumerate(values):
-            text = to_unicode(val)
-            column_lengths[i].append(len(text))
-            word_lens[i] = max(word_lens[i], _max_word_len(text))
-    return column_lengths, word_lens
 
+    MAX_TABLE_WIDTH = 80  # Roughly. It may be wider to avoid breaking words.
 
-def _row_to_lines(values, widths, wrapper, sep='|', justify=JUSTIFY_LEFT):
+    @classmethod
-    """
+    def _get_column_string_lengths(cls, dataset):
-    Returns a table row of wrapped values as a list of lines
+        """
-    """
+        Returns a list of string lengths of each column, and a list of
-    if justify not in JUSTIFY_VALUES:
+        maximum word lengths.
-        raise ValueError('Value of "justify" must be one of "{}"'.format(
+        """
-            '", "'.join(JUSTIFY_VALUES)
+        if dataset.headers:
-        ))
+            column_lengths = [[len(h)] for h in dataset.headers]
-    if justify == JUSTIFY_LEFT:
+            word_lens = [_max_word_len(h) for h in dataset.headers]
-        just = lambda text, width: text.ljust(width)
+        else:
-    elif justify == JUSTIFY_CENTER:
+            column_lengths = [[] for _ in range(dataset.width)]
-        just = lambda text, width: text.center(width)
+            word_lens = [0 for _ in range(dataset.width)]
-    else:
+        for row in dataset.dict:
-        just = lambda text, width: text.rjust(width)
+            values = iter(row.values() if hasattr(row, 'values') else row)
-    lpad = sep + ' ' if sep else ''
+            for i, val in enumerate(values):
-    rpad = ' ' + sep if sep else ''
+                text = to_str(val)
-    pad = ' ' + sep + ' '
+                column_lengths[i].append(len(text))
-    cells = []
+                word_lens[i] = max(word_lens[i], _max_word_len(text))
-    for value, width in zip(values, widths):
+        return column_lengths, word_lens
-        wrapper.width = width
-        text = to_unicode(value)
-        cell = wrapper.wrap(text)
-        cells.append(cell)
-    lines = izip_longest(*cells, fillvalue='')
-    lines = (
-        (just(cell_line, widths[i]) for i, cell_line in enumerate(line))
-        for line in lines
-    )
-    lines = [''.join((lpad, pad.join(line), rpad)) for line in lines]
-    return lines
 
+    @classmethod
+    def _row_to_lines(cls, values, widths, wrapper, sep='|', justify=JUSTIFY_LEFT):
+        """
+        Returns a table row of wrapped values as a list of lines
+        """
+        if justify not in JUSTIFY_VALUES:
+            raise ValueError('Value of "justify" must be one of "{}"'.format(
+                '", "'.join(JUSTIFY_VALUES)
+            ))
+        if justify == JUSTIFY_LEFT:
+            just = lambda text, width: text.ljust(width)
+        elif justify == JUSTIFY_CENTER:
+            just = lambda text, width: text.center(width)
+        else:
+            just = lambda text, width: text.rjust(width)
+        lpad = sep + ' ' if sep else ''
+        rpad = ' ' + sep if sep else ''
+        pad = ' ' + sep + ' '
+        cells = []
+        for value, width in zip(values, widths):
+            wrapper.width = width
+            text = to_str(value)
+            cell = wrapper.wrap(text)
+            cells.append(cell)
+        lines = zip_longest(*cells, fillvalue='')
+        lines = (
+            (just(cell_line, widths[i]) for i, cell_line in enumerate(line))
+            for line in lines
+        )
+        lines = [''.join((lpad, pad.join(line), rpad)) for line in lines]
+        return lines
 
-def _get_column_widths(dataset, max_table_width=MAX_TABLE_WIDTH, pad_len=3):
+    @classmethod
-    """
+    def _get_column_widths(cls, dataset, max_table_width=MAX_TABLE_WIDTH, pad_len=3):
-    Returns a list of column widths proportional to the median length
+        """
-    of the text in their cells.
+        Returns a list of column widths proportional to the median length
-    """
+        of the text in their cells.
-    str_lens, word_lens = _get_column_string_lengths(dataset)
+        """
-    median_lens = [int(median(lens)) for lens in str_lens]
+        str_lens, word_lens = cls._get_column_string_lengths(dataset)
-    total = sum(median_lens)
+        median_lens = [int(median(lens)) for lens in str_lens]
-    if total > max_table_width - (pad_len * len(median_lens)):
+        total = sum(median_lens)
-        column_widths = (max_table_width * l // total for l in median_lens)
+        if total > max_table_width - (pad_len * len(median_lens)):
-    else:
+            column_widths = (max_table_width * l // total for l in median_lens)
-        column_widths = (l for l in median_lens)
+        else:
-    # Allow for separator and padding:
+            column_widths = (l for l in median_lens)
-    column_widths = (w - pad_len if w > pad_len else w for w in column_widths)
+        # Allow for separator and padding:
-    # Rather widen table than break words:
+        column_widths = (w - pad_len if w > pad_len else w for w in column_widths)
-    column_widths = [max(w, l) for w, l in zip(column_widths, word_lens)]
+        # Rather widen table than break words:
-    return column_widths
+        column_widths = [max(w, l) for w, l in zip(column_widths, word_lens)]
+        return column_widths
 
+    @classmethod
+    def export_set_as_simple_table(cls, dataset, column_widths=None):
+        """
+        Returns reStructuredText grid table representation of dataset.
+        """
+        lines = []
+        wrapper = TextWrapper()
+        if column_widths is None:
+            column_widths = cls._get_column_widths(dataset, pad_len=2)
+        border = '  '.join(['=' * w for w in column_widths])
 
-def export_set_as_simple_table(dataset, column_widths=None):
-    """
-    Returns reStructuredText grid table representation of dataset.
-    """
-    lines = []
-    wrapper = TextWrapper()
-    if column_widths is None:
-        column_widths = _get_column_widths(dataset, pad_len=2)
-    border = '  '.join(['=' * w for w in column_widths])
-
-    lines.append(border)
-    if dataset.headers:
-        lines.extend(_row_to_lines(
-            dataset.headers,
-            column_widths,
-            wrapper,
-            sep='',
-            justify=JUSTIFY_CENTER,
-        ))
         lines.append(border)
-    for row in dataset.dict:
+        if dataset.headers:
-        values = iter(row.values() if hasattr(row, 'values') else row)
+            lines.extend(cls._row_to_lines(
-        lines.extend(_row_to_lines(values, column_widths, wrapper, ''))
+                dataset.headers,
-    lines.append(border)
+                column_widths,
-    return '\n'.join(lines)
+                wrapper,
+                sep='',
+                justify=JUSTIFY_CENTER,
+            ))
+            lines.append(border)
+        for row in dataset.dict:
+            values = iter(row.values() if hasattr(row, 'values') else row)
+            lines.extend(cls._row_to_lines(values, column_widths, wrapper, ''))
+        lines.append(border)
+        return '\n'.join(lines)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def export_set_as_grid_table(cls, dataset, column_widths=None):
+        """
+        Returns reStructuredText grid table representation of dataset.
 
 
-def export_set_as_grid_table(dataset, column_widths=None):
+        >>> from tablib import Dataset
-    """
+        >>> from tablib.formats import registry
-    Returns reStructuredText grid table representation of dataset.
+        >>> bits = ((0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1))
+        >>> data = Dataset()
+        >>> data.headers = ['A', 'B', 'A and B']
+        >>> for a, b in bits:
+        ...     data.append([bool(a), bool(b), bool(a * b)])
+        >>> rst = registry.get_format('rst')
+        >>> print(rst.export_set(data, force_grid=True))
+        +-------+-------+-------+
+        |   A   |   B   | A and |
+        |       |       |   B   |
+        +=======+=======+=======+
+        | False | False | False |
+        +-------+-------+-------+
+        | True  | False | False |
+        +-------+-------+-------+
+        | False | True  | False |
+        +-------+-------+-------+
+        | True  | True  | True  |
+        +-------+-------+-------+
 
+        """
+        lines = []
+        wrapper = TextWrapper()
+        if column_widths is None:
+            column_widths = cls._get_column_widths(dataset)
+        header_sep = '+=' + '=+='.join(['=' * w for w in column_widths]) + '=+'
+        row_sep = '+-' + '-+-'.join(['-' * w for w in column_widths]) + '-+'
 
-    >>> from tablib import Dataset
-    >>> from tablib.formats import rst
-    >>> bits = ((0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1))
-    >>> data = Dataset()
-    >>> data.headers = ['A', 'B', 'A and B']
-    >>> for a, b in bits:
-    ...     data.append([bool(a), bool(b), bool(a * b)])
-    >>> print(rst.export_set(data, force_grid=True))
-    +-------+-------+-------+
-    |   A   |   B   | A and |
-    |       |       |   B   |
-    +=======+=======+=======+
-    | False | False | False |
-    +-------+-------+-------+
-    | True  | False | False |
-    +-------+-------+-------+
-    | False | True  | False |
-    +-------+-------+-------+
-    | True  | True  | True  |
-    +-------+-------+-------+
-
-    """
-    lines = []
-    wrapper = TextWrapper()
-    if column_widths is None:
-        column_widths = _get_column_widths(dataset)
-    header_sep = '+=' + '=+='.join(['=' * w for w in column_widths]) + '=+'
-    row_sep = '+-' + '-+-'.join(['-' * w for w in column_widths]) + '-+'
-
-    lines.append(row_sep)
-    if dataset.headers:
-        lines.extend(_row_to_lines(
-            dataset.headers,
-            column_widths,
-            wrapper,
-            justify=JUSTIFY_CENTER,
-        ))
-        lines.append(header_sep)
-    for row in dataset.dict:
-        values = iter(row.values() if hasattr(row, 'values') else row)
-        lines.extend(_row_to_lines(values, column_widths, wrapper))
         lines.append(row_sep)
-    return '\n'.join(lines)
+
+        if dataset.headers:
+            lines.extend(cls._row_to_lines(
+                dataset.headers,
+                column_widths,
+                wrapper,
+                justify=JUSTIFY_CENTER,
+            ))
+            lines.append(header_sep)
+        for row in dataset.dict:
+            values = iter(row.values() if hasattr(row, 'values') else row)
+            lines.extend(cls._row_to_lines(values, column_widths, wrapper))
+            lines.append(row_sep)
+        return '\n'.join(lines)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _use_simple_table(cls, head0, col0, width0):
+        """
+        Use a simple table if the text in the first column is never wrapped
 
 
-def _use_simple_table(head0, col0, width0):
+        >>> from tablib.formats import registry
-    """
+        >>> rst = registry.get_format('rst')
-    Use a simple table if the text in the first column is never wrapped
+        >>> rst._use_simple_table('menu', ['egg', 'bacon'], 10)
+        True
+        >>> rst._use_simple_table(None, ['lobster thermidor', 'spam'], 10)
+        False
+
+        """
+        if head0 is not None:
+            head0 = to_str(head0)
+            if len(head0) > width0:
+                return False
+        for cell in col0:
+            cell = to_str(cell)
+            if len(cell) > width0:
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    @classmethod
+    def export_set(cls, dataset, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Returns reStructuredText table representation of dataset.
+
+        Returns a simple table if the text in the first column is never
+        wrapped, otherwise returns a grid table.
 
 
-    >>> _use_simple_table('menu', ['egg', 'bacon'], 10)
+        >>> from tablib import Dataset
-    True
+        >>> bits = ((0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1))
-    >>> _use_simple_table(None, ['lobster thermidor', 'spam'], 10)
+        >>> data = Dataset()
-    False
+        >>> data.headers = ['A', 'B', 'A and B']
+        >>> for a, b in bits:
+        ...     data.append([bool(a), bool(b), bool(a * b)])
+        >>> table = data.rst
+        >>> table.split('\\n') == [
+        ...     '=====  =====  =====',
+        ...     '  A      B    A and',
+        ...     '                B  ',
+        ...     '=====  =====  =====',
+        ...     'False  False  False',
+        ...     'True   False  False',
+        ...     'False  True   False',
+        ...     'True   True   True ',
+        ...     '=====  =====  =====',
+        ... ]
+        True
 
-    """
+        """
-    if head0 is not None:
+        if not dataset.dict:
-        head0 = to_unicode(head0)
+            return ''
-        if len(head0) > width0:
+        force_grid = kwargs.get('force_grid', False)
-            return False
+        max_table_width = kwargs.get('max_table_width', cls.MAX_TABLE_WIDTH)
-    for cell in col0:
+        column_widths = cls._get_column_widths(dataset, max_table_width)
-        cell = to_unicode(cell)
-        if len(cell) > width0:
-            return False
-    return True
 
+        use_simple_table = cls._use_simple_table(
+            dataset.headers[0] if dataset.headers else None,
+            dataset.get_col(0),
+            column_widths[0],
+        )
+        if use_simple_table and not force_grid:
+            return cls.export_set_as_simple_table(dataset, column_widths)
+        else:
+            return cls.export_set_as_grid_table(dataset, column_widths)
 
-def export_set(dataset, **kwargs):
+    @classmethod
-    """
+    def export_book(cls, databook):
-    Returns reStructuredText table representation of dataset.
+        """
+        reStructuredText representation of a Databook.
 
-    Returns a simple table if the text in the first column is never
+        Tables are separated by a blank line. All tables use the grid
-    wrapped, otherwise returns a grid table.
+        format.
-
+        """
-
+        return '\n\n'.join(cls.export_set(dataset, force_grid=True)
-    >>> from tablib import Dataset
+                           for dataset in databook._datasets)
-    >>> bits = ((0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1))
-    >>> data = Dataset()
-    >>> data.headers = ['A', 'B', 'A and B']
-    >>> for a, b in bits:
-    ...     data.append([bool(a), bool(b), bool(a * b)])
-    >>> table = data.rst
-    >>> table.split('\\n') == [
-    ...     '=====  =====  =====',
-    ...     '  A      B    A and',
-    ...     '                B  ',
-    ...     '=====  =====  =====',
-    ...     'False  False  False',
-    ...     'True   False  False',
-    ...     'False  True   False',
-    ...     'True   True   True ',
-    ...     '=====  =====  =====',
-    ... ]
-    True
-
-    """
-    if not dataset.dict:
-        return ''
-    force_grid = kwargs.get('force_grid', False)
-    max_table_width = kwargs.get('max_table_width', MAX_TABLE_WIDTH)
-    column_widths = _get_column_widths(dataset, max_table_width)
-
-    use_simple_table = _use_simple_table(
-        dataset.headers[0] if dataset.headers else None,
-        dataset.get_col(0),
-        column_widths[0],
-    )
-    if use_simple_table and not force_grid:
-        return export_set_as_simple_table(dataset, column_widths)
-    else:
-        return export_set_as_grid_table(dataset, column_widths)
-
-
-def export_book(databook):
-    """
-    reStructuredText representation of a Databook.
-
-    Tables are separated by a blank line. All tables use the grid
-    format.
-    """
-    return '\n\n'.join(export_set(dataset, force_grid=True)
-                       for dataset in databook._datasets)

src/tablib/formats/_tsv.py

@@ -1,30 +1,11 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 """ Tablib - TSV (Tab Separated Values) Support.
 """
 
-from tablib.compat import unicode
+from ._csv import CSVFormat
-from tablib.formats._csv import (
-    export_set as export_set_wrapper,
-    import_set as import_set_wrapper,
-    detect as detect_wrapper,
-)
-
-title = 'tsv'
-extensions = ('tsv',)
-
-DELIMITER = unicode('\t')
-
-def export_set(dataset):
-    """Returns TSV representation of Dataset."""
-    return export_set_wrapper(dataset, delimiter=DELIMITER)
 
 
-def import_set(dset, in_stream, headers=True):
+class TSVFormat(CSVFormat):
-    """Returns dataset from TSV stream."""
+    title = 'tsv'
-    return import_set_wrapper(dset, in_stream, headers=headers, delimiter=DELIMITER)
+    extensions = ('tsv',)
 
-
+    DEFAULT_DELIMITER = '\t'
-def detect(stream):
-    """Returns True if given stream is valid TSV."""
-    return detect_wrapper(stream, delimiter=DELIMITER)

src/tablib/formats/_xls.py

@@ -1,137 +1,147 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 """ Tablib - XLS Support.
 """
 
-import sys
 from io import BytesIO
 
-from tablib.compat import xrange
-import tablib
 import xlrd
 import xlwt
-from xlrd.biffh import XLRDError
+from xlrd.xldate import xldate_as_datetime
 
-title = 'xls'
+import tablib
-extensions = ('xls',)
 
 # special styles
 wrap = xlwt.easyxf("alignment: wrap on")
 bold = xlwt.easyxf("font: bold on")
 
 
-def detect(stream):
+class XLSFormat:
-    """Returns True if given stream is a readable excel file."""
+    title = 'xls'
-    try:
+    extensions = ('xls',)
-        xlrd.open_workbook(file_contents=stream)
-        return True
-    except Exception:
-        pass
-    try:
-        xlrd.open_workbook(file_contents=stream.read())
-        return True
-    except Exception:
-        pass
-    try:
-        xlrd.open_workbook(filename=stream)
-        return True
-    except Exception:
-        return False
 
+    @classmethod
+    def detect(cls, stream):
+        """Returns True if given stream is a readable excel file."""
+        try:
+            xlrd.open_workbook(file_contents=stream)
+            return True
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        try:
+            xlrd.open_workbook(file_contents=stream.read())
+            return True
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        try:
+            xlrd.open_workbook(filename=stream)
+            return True
+        except Exception:
+            return False
 
-def export_set(dataset):
+    @classmethod
-    """Returns XLS representation of Dataset."""
+    def export_set(cls, dataset):
+        """Returns XLS representation of Dataset."""
 
-    wb = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf8')
+        wb = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf8')
-    ws = wb.add_sheet(dataset.title if dataset.title else 'Tablib Dataset')
+        ws = wb.add_sheet(dataset.title if dataset.title else 'Tablib Dataset')
 
-    dset_sheet(dataset, ws)
+        cls.dset_sheet(dataset, ws)
 
-    stream = BytesIO()
+        stream = BytesIO()
-    wb.save(stream)
+        wb.save(stream)
-    return stream.getvalue()
+        return stream.getvalue()
 
+    @classmethod
+    def export_book(cls, databook):
+        """Returns XLS representation of DataBook."""
 
-def export_book(databook):
+        wb = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf8')
-    """Returns XLS representation of DataBook."""
 
-    wb = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf8')
+        for i, dset in enumerate(databook._datasets):
+            ws = wb.add_sheet(dset.title if dset.title else 'Sheet%s' % (i))
 
-    for i, dset in enumerate(databook._datasets):
+            cls.dset_sheet(dset, ws)
-        ws = wb.add_sheet(dset.title if dset.title else 'Sheet%s' % (i))
 
-        dset_sheet(dset, ws)
+        stream = BytesIO()
+        wb.save(stream)
+        return stream.getvalue()
 
-    stream = BytesIO()
+    @classmethod
-    wb.save(stream)
+    def import_set(cls, dset, in_stream, headers=True):
-    return stream.getvalue()
+        """Returns databook from XLS stream."""
 
+        dset.wipe()
 
-def import_set(dset, in_stream, headers=True):
+        xls_book = xlrd.open_workbook(file_contents=in_stream.read())
-    """Returns databook from XLS stream."""
+        sheet = xls_book.sheet_by_index(0)
 
-    dset.wipe()
+        dset.title = sheet.name
 
-    xls_book = xlrd.open_workbook(file_contents=in_stream)
+        def cell_value(value, type_):
-    sheet = xls_book.sheet_by_index(0)
+            if type_ == xlrd.XL_CELL_ERROR:
+                return xlrd.error_text_from_code[value]
+            elif type_ == xlrd.XL_CELL_DATE:
+                return xldate_as_datetime(value, xls_book.datemode)
+            return value
 
-    dset.title = sheet.name
+        for i in range(sheet.nrows):
-
+            if i == 0 and headers:
-    for i in xrange(sheet.nrows):
+                dset.headers = sheet.row_values(0)
-        if (i == 0) and (headers):
-            dset.headers = sheet.row_values(0)
-        else:
-            dset.append(sheet.row_values(i))
-
-def import_book(dbook, in_stream, headers=True):
-    """Returns databook from XLS stream."""
-
-    dbook.wipe()
-
-    xls_book = xlrd.open_workbook(file_contents=in_stream)
-
-    for sheet in xls_book.sheets():
-        data = tablib.Dataset()
-        data.title = sheet.name
-
-        for i in xrange(sheet.nrows):
-            if (i == 0) and (headers):
-                data.headers = sheet.row_values(0)
             else:
-                data.append(sheet.row_values(i))
+                dset.append([
+                    cell_value(val, typ)
+                    for val, typ in zip(sheet.row_values(i), sheet.row_types(i))
+                ])
 
-        dbook.add_sheet(data)
+    @classmethod
+    def import_book(cls, dbook, in_stream, headers=True):
+        """Returns databook from XLS stream."""
 
+        dbook.wipe()
 
-def dset_sheet(dataset, ws):
+        xls_book = xlrd.open_workbook(file_contents=in_stream)
-    """Completes given worksheet from given Dataset."""
-    _package = dataset._package(dicts=False)
 
-    for i, sep in enumerate(dataset._separators):
+        for sheet in xls_book.sheets():
-        _offset = i
+            data = tablib.Dataset()
-        _package.insert((sep[0] + _offset), (sep[1],))
+            data.title = sheet.name
 
-    for i, row in enumerate(_package):
+            for i in range(sheet.nrows):
-        for j, col in enumerate(row):
+                if i == 0 and headers:
+                    data.headers = sheet.row_values(0)
+                else:
+                    data.append(sheet.row_values(i))
 
-            # bold headers
+            dbook.add_sheet(data)
-            if (i == 0) and dataset.headers:
-                ws.write(i, j, col, bold)
 
-                # frozen header row
+    @classmethod
-                ws.panes_frozen = True
+    def dset_sheet(cls, dataset, ws):
-                ws.horz_split_pos = 1
+        """Completes given worksheet from given Dataset."""
+        _package = dataset._package(dicts=False)
 
-            # bold separators
+        for i, sep in enumerate(dataset._separators):
-            elif len(row) < dataset.width:
+            _offset = i
-                ws.write(i, j, col, bold)
+            _package.insert((sep[0] + _offset), (sep[1],))
 
-            # wrap the rest
+        for i, row in enumerate(_package):
-            else:
+            for j, col in enumerate(row):
-                try:
+
-                    if '\n' in col:
+                # bold headers
-                        ws.write(i, j, col, wrap)
+                if (i == 0) and dataset.headers:
-                    else:
+                    ws.write(i, j, col, bold)
+
+                    # frozen header row
+                    ws.panes_frozen = True
+                    ws.horz_split_pos = 1
+
+                # bold separators
+                elif len(row) < dataset.width:
+                    ws.write(i, j, col, bold)
+
+                # wrap the rest
+                else:
+                    try:
+                        if '\n' in col:
+                            ws.write(i, j, col, wrap)
+                        else:
+                            ws.write(i, j, col)
+                    except TypeError:
                         ws.write(i, j, col)
-                except TypeError:
-                    ws.write(i, j, col)

src/tablib/formats/_xlsx.py

@@ -1,144 +1,143 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 """ Tablib - XLSX Support.
 """
 
-import sys
 from io import BytesIO
 
-import openpyxl
+from openpyxl.reader.excel import ExcelReader, load_workbook
+from openpyxl.styles import Alignment, Font
+from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter
+from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook
+from openpyxl.writer.excel import ExcelWriter
+
 import tablib
 
-Workbook = openpyxl.workbook.Workbook
-ExcelWriter = openpyxl.writer.excel.ExcelWriter
-get_column_letter = openpyxl.utils.get_column_letter
 
-from tablib.compat import unicode
+class XLSXFormat:
+    title = 'xlsx'
+    extensions = ('xlsx',)
 
+    @classmethod
+    def detect(cls, stream):
+        """Returns True if given stream is a readable excel file."""
+        try:
+            # No need to fully load the file, it should be enough to be able to
+            # read the manifest.
+            reader = ExcelReader(stream, read_only=False)
+            reader.read_manifest()
+            return True
+        except Exception:
+            return False
 
-title = 'xlsx'
+    @classmethod
-extensions = ('xlsx',)
+    def export_set(cls, dataset, freeze_panes=True):
+        """Returns XLSX representation of Dataset."""
+        wb = Workbook()
+        ws = wb.worksheets[0]
+        ws.title = dataset.title if dataset.title else 'Tablib Dataset'
 
+        cls.dset_sheet(dataset, ws, freeze_panes=freeze_panes)
 
-def detect(stream):
+        stream = BytesIO()
-    """Returns True if given stream is a readable excel file."""
+        wb.save(stream)
-    if isinstance(stream, bytes):
+        return stream.getvalue()
-        # load_workbook expects a file-like object.
-        stream = BytesIO(stream)
-    try:
-        openpyxl.reader.excel.load_workbook(stream, read_only=True)
-        return True
-    except Exception:
-        return False
 
-def export_set(dataset, freeze_panes=True):
+    @classmethod
-    """Returns XLSX representation of Dataset."""
+    def export_book(cls, databook, freeze_panes=True):
+        """Returns XLSX representation of DataBook."""
 
-    wb = Workbook()
+        wb = Workbook()
-    ws = wb.worksheets[0]
+        for sheet in wb.worksheets:
-    ws.title = dataset.title if dataset.title else 'Tablib Dataset'
+            wb.remove(sheet)
+        for i, dset in enumerate(databook._datasets):
+            ws = wb.create_sheet()
+            ws.title = dset.title if dset.title else 'Sheet%s' % (i)
 
-    dset_sheet(dataset, ws, freeze_panes=freeze_panes)
+            cls.dset_sheet(dset, ws, freeze_panes=freeze_panes)
 
-    stream = BytesIO()
+        stream = BytesIO()
-    wb.save(stream)
+        wb.save(stream)
-    return stream.getvalue()
+        return stream.getvalue()
 
+    @classmethod
+    def import_set(cls, dset, in_stream, headers=True, read_only=True):
+        """Returns databook from XLS stream."""
 
-def export_book(databook, freeze_panes=True):
+        dset.wipe()
-    """Returns XLSX representation of DataBook."""
 
-    wb = Workbook()
+        xls_book = load_workbook(in_stream, read_only=read_only, data_only=True)
-    for sheet in wb.worksheets:
+        sheet = xls_book.active
-        wb.remove(sheet)
-    for i, dset in enumerate(databook._datasets):
-        ws = wb.create_sheet()
-        ws.title = dset.title if dset.title else 'Sheet%s' % (i)
 
-        dset_sheet(dset, ws, freeze_panes=freeze_panes)
+        dset.title = sheet.title
-
-    stream = BytesIO()
-    wb.save(stream)
-    return stream.getvalue()
-
-
-def import_set(dset, in_stream, headers=True):
-    """Returns databook from XLS stream."""
-
-    dset.wipe()
-
-    xls_book = openpyxl.reader.excel.load_workbook(BytesIO(in_stream), read_only=True)
-    sheet = xls_book.active
-
-    dset.title = sheet.title
-
-    for i, row in enumerate(sheet.rows):
-        row_vals = [c.value for c in row]
-        if (i == 0) and (headers):
-            dset.headers = row_vals
-        else:
-            dset.append(row_vals)
-
-
-def import_book(dbook, in_stream, headers=True):
-    """Returns databook from XLS stream."""
-
-    dbook.wipe()
-
-    xls_book = openpyxl.reader.excel.load_workbook(BytesIO(in_stream), read_only=True)
-
-    for sheet in xls_book.worksheets:
-        data = tablib.Dataset()
-        data.title = sheet.title
 
         for i, row in enumerate(sheet.rows):
             row_vals = [c.value for c in row]
             if (i == 0) and (headers):
-                data.headers = row_vals
+                dset.headers = row_vals
             else:
-                data.append(row_vals)
+                dset.append(row_vals)
 
-        dbook.add_sheet(data)
+    @classmethod
+    def import_book(cls, dbook, in_stream, headers=True, read_only=True):
+        """Returns databook from XLS stream."""
 
+        dbook.wipe()
 
-def dset_sheet(dataset, ws, freeze_panes=True):
+        xls_book = load_workbook(in_stream, read_only=read_only, data_only=True)
-    """Completes given worksheet from given Dataset."""
-    _package = dataset._package(dicts=False)
 
-    for i, sep in enumerate(dataset._separators):
+        for sheet in xls_book.worksheets:
-        _offset = i
+            data = tablib.Dataset()
-        _package.insert((sep[0] + _offset), (sep[1],))
+            data.title = sheet.title
 
-    bold = openpyxl.styles.Font(bold=True)
+            for i, row in enumerate(sheet.rows):
-    wrap_text = openpyxl.styles.Alignment(wrap_text=True)
+                row_vals = [c.value for c in row]
+                if (i == 0) and (headers):
+                    data.headers = row_vals
+                else:
+                    if i > 0 and len(row_vals) < data.width:
+                        row_vals += [''] * (data.width - len(row_vals))
+                    data.append(row_vals)
 
-    for i, row in enumerate(_package):
+            dbook.add_sheet(data)
-        row_number = i + 1
-        for j, col in enumerate(row):
-            col_idx = get_column_letter(j + 1)
-            cell = ws['%s%s' % (col_idx, row_number)]
 
-            # bold headers
+    @classmethod
-            if (row_number == 1) and dataset.headers:
+    def dset_sheet(cls, dataset, ws, freeze_panes=True):
-                cell.font = bold
+        """Completes given worksheet from given Dataset."""
-                if freeze_panes:
+        _package = dataset._package(dicts=False)
-                    #  Export Freeze only after first Line
-                    ws.freeze_panes = 'A2'
 
-            # bold separators
+        for i, sep in enumerate(dataset._separators):
-            elif len(row) < dataset.width:
+            _offset = i
-                cell.font = bold
+            _package.insert((sep[0] + _offset), (sep[1],))
+
+        bold = Font(bold=True)
+        wrap_text = Alignment(wrap_text=True)
+
+        for i, row in enumerate(_package):
+            row_number = i + 1
+            for j, col in enumerate(row):
+                col_idx = get_column_letter(j + 1)
+                cell = ws[f'{col_idx}{row_number}']
+
+                # bold headers
+                if (row_number == 1) and dataset.headers:
+                    cell.font = bold
+                    if freeze_panes:
+                        #  Export Freeze only after first Line
+                        ws.freeze_panes = 'A2'
+
+                # bold separators
+                elif len(row) < dataset.width:
+                    cell.font = bold
+
+                # wrap the rest
+                else:
+                    try:
+                        str_col_value = str(col)
+                    except TypeError:
+                        str_col_value = ''
+                    if '\n' in str_col_value:
+                        cell.alignment = wrap_text
 
-            # wrap the rest
-            else:
                 try:
-                    str_col_value = unicode(col)
+                    cell.value = col
-                except TypeError:
+                except (ValueError, TypeError):
-                    str_col_value = ''
+                    cell.value = str(col)
-                if '\n' in str_col_value:
-                    cell.alignment = wrap_text
-
-            try:
-                cell.value = col
-            except (ValueError, TypeError):
-                cell.value = unicode(col)

src/tablib/formats/_yaml.py

@@ -1,53 +1,54 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 """ Tablib - YAML Support.
 """
 
-import tablib
 import yaml
 
-title = 'yaml'
+import tablib
-extensions = ('yaml', 'yml')
 
 
-def export_set(dataset):
+class YAMLFormat:
-    """Returns YAML representation of Dataset."""
+    title = 'yaml'
+    extensions = ('yaml', 'yml')
 
-    return yaml.safe_dump(dataset._package(ordered=False))
+    @classmethod
+    def export_set(cls, dataset):
+        """Returns YAML representation of Dataset."""
 
+        return yaml.safe_dump(dataset._package(ordered=False), default_flow_style=None)
 
-def export_book(databook):
+    @classmethod
-    """Returns YAML representation of Databook."""
+    def export_book(cls, databook):
-    return yaml.safe_dump(databook._package(ordered=False))
+        """Returns YAML representation of Databook."""
+        return yaml.safe_dump(databook._package(ordered=False), default_flow_style=None)
 
+    @classmethod
+    def import_set(cls, dset, in_stream):
+        """Returns dataset from YAML stream."""
 
-def import_set(dset, in_stream):
+        dset.wipe()
-    """Returns dataset from YAML stream."""
+        dset.dict = yaml.safe_load(in_stream)
 
-    dset.wipe()
+    @classmethod
-    dset.dict = yaml.safe_load(in_stream)
+    def import_book(cls, dbook, in_stream):
+        """Returns databook from YAML stream."""
 
+        dbook.wipe()
 
-def import_book(dbook, in_stream):
+        for sheet in yaml.safe_load(in_stream):
-    """Returns databook from YAML stream."""
+            data = tablib.Dataset()
+            data.title = sheet['title']
+            data.dict = sheet['data']
+            dbook.add_sheet(data)
 
-    dbook.wipe()
+    @classmethod
-
+    def detect(cls, stream):
-    for sheet in yaml.safe_load(in_stream):
+        """Returns True if given stream is valid YAML."""
-        data = tablib.Dataset()
+        try:
-        data.title = sheet['title']
+            _yaml = yaml.safe_load(stream)
-        data.dict = sheet['data']
+            if isinstance(_yaml, (list, tuple, dict)):
-        dbook.add_sheet(data)
+                return True
-
+            else:
-
+                return False
-def detect(stream):
+        except (yaml.parser.ParserError, yaml.reader.ReaderError,
-    """Returns True if given stream is valid YAML."""
+                yaml.scanner.ScannerError):
-    try:
-        _yaml = yaml.safe_load(stream)
-        if isinstance(_yaml, (list, tuple, dict)):
-            return True
-        else:
             return False
-    except (yaml.parser.ParserError, yaml.reader.ReaderError,
-            yaml.scanner.ScannerError):
-        return False

src/tablib/packages/dbfpy/dbf.py

@@ -62,12 +62,11 @@ __author__ = "Jeff Kunce <kuncej@mail.conservation.state.mo.us>"
 
 __all__ = ["Dbf"]
 
-from . import header
+from . import header, record
-from . import record
+from .utils import INVALID_VALUE
-from utils import INVALID_VALUE
 
 
-class Dbf(object):
+class Dbf:
     """DBF accessor.
 
     FIXME:
@@ -114,16 +113,16 @@ class Dbf(object):
                 ``INVALID_VALUE`` instead of raising conversion error.
 
         """
-        if isinstance(f, basestring):
+        if isinstance(f, str):
             # a filename
             self.name = f
             if new:
                 # new table (table file must be
                 # created or opened and truncated)
-                self.stream = file(f, "w+b")
+                self.stream = open(f, "w+b")
             else:
-                # tabe file must exist
+                # table file must exist
-                self.stream = file(f, ("r+b", "rb")[bool(readOnly)])
+                self.stream = open(f, ("r+b", "rb")[bool(readOnly)])
         else:
             # a stream
             self.name = getattr(f, "name", "")
@@ -177,7 +176,7 @@ class Dbf(object):
             Return value is numeric object maning valid index.
 
         """
-        if not isinstance(index, (int, long)):
+        if not isinstance(index, int):
             raise TypeError("Index must be a numeric object")
         if index < 0:
             # index from the right side
@@ -187,7 +186,7 @@ class Dbf(object):
             raise IndexError("Record index out of range")
         return index
 
-    # iterface methods
+    # interface methods
 
     def close(self):
         self.flush()
@@ -204,7 +203,8 @@ class Dbf(object):
     def indexOfFieldName(self, name):
         """Index of field named ``name``."""
         # FIXME: move this to header class
-        return self.header.fields.index(name)
+        names = [f.name for f in self.header.fields]
+        return names.index(name.upper())
 
     def newRecord(self):
         """Return new record, which belong to this table."""
@@ -294,4 +294,4 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
     demo_create(_name)
     demo_read(_name)
 
-    # vim: set et sw=4 sts=4 :
+# vim: set et sw=4 sts=4 :

src/tablib/packages/dbfpy/dbfnew.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Note: this is a legacy interface.  New code should use Dbf class
 
 TODO:
   - handle Memo fields.
-  - check length of the fields accoring to the
+  - check length of the fields according to the
     `http://www.clicketyclick.dk/databases/xbase/format/data_types.html`
 
 """
@@ -24,20 +24,20 @@ __date__ = "$Date: 2006/07/04 08:18:18 $"[7:-2]
 
 __all__ = ["dbf_new"]
 
-from dbf import *
+from .dbf import *
-from fields import *
+from .fields import *
-from header import *
+from .header import *
-from record import *
+from .record import *
 
 
-class _FieldDefinition(object):
+class _FieldDefinition:
     """Field definition.
 
     This is a simple structure, which contains ``name``, ``type``,
     ``len``, ``dec`` and ``cls`` fields.
 
     Objects also implement get/setitem magic functions, so fields
-    could be accessed via sequence iterface, where 'name' has
+    could be accessed via sequence interface, where 'name' has
     index 0, 'type' index 1, 'len' index 2, 'dec' index 3 and
     'cls' could be located at index 4.
 
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class _FieldDefinition(object):
         dbfh.addField(_dbff)
 
 
-class dbf_new(object):
+class dbf_new:
     """New .DBF creation helper.
 
     Example Usage:
@@ -140,17 +140,11 @@ class dbf_new(object):
         _dbfh.setCurrentDate()
         for _fldDef in self.fields:
             _fldDef.appendToHeader(_dbfh)
-        _dbfStream = file(filename, "wb")
+
+        _dbfStream = open(filename, "wb")
         _dbfh.write(_dbfStream)
         _dbfStream.close()
 
-    def write_stream(self, stream):
-        _dbfh = DbfHeader()
-        _dbfh.setCurrentDate()
-        for _fldDef in self.fields:
-            _fldDef.appendToHeader(_dbfh)
-        _dbfh.write(stream)
-
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     # create a new DBF-File
@@ -182,8 +176,8 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
     for i1 in range(len(dbft)):
         rec = dbft[i1]
         for fldName in dbft.fieldNames:
-            print('%s:\t %s' % (fldName, rec[fldName]))
+            print('{}:\t {}'.format(fldName, rec[fldName]))
         print()
     dbft.close()
 
-    # vim: set et sts=4 sw=4 :
+# vim: set et sts=4 sw=4 :

src/tablib/packages/dbfpy/fields.py

@@ -28,36 +28,38 @@ TODO:
 __version__ = "$Revision: 1.14 $"[11:-2]
 __date__ = "$Date: 2009/05/26 05:16:51 $"[7:-2]
 
-__all__ = ["lookupFor",] # field classes added at the end of the module
+__all__ = ["lookupFor"]  # field classes added at the end of the module
 
 import datetime
 import struct
 import sys
+from functools import total_ordering
 
 from . import utils
 
-## abstract definitions
+# abstract definitions
 
-class DbfFieldDef(object):
+
+@total_ordering
+class DbfFieldDef:
     """Abstract field definition.
 
     Child classes must override ``type`` class attribute to provide datatype
-    infromation of the field definition. For more info about types visit
+    information of the field definition. For more info about types visit
     `http://www.clicketyclick.dk/databases/xbase/format/data_types.html`
 
     Also child classes must override ``defaultValue`` field to provide
     default value for the field value.
 
     If child class has fixed length ``length`` class attribute must be
-    overriden and set to the valid value. None value means, that field
+    overridden and set to the valid value. None value means, that field
     isn't of fixed length.
 
     Note: ``name`` field must not be changed after instantiation.
 
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ("name", "length", "decimalCount",
+    __slots__ = ("name", "decimalCount", "start", "end", "ignoreErrors")
-        "start", "end", "ignoreErrors")
 
     # length of the field, None in case of variable-length field,
     # or a number if this field is a fixed-length field
@@ -65,21 +67,20 @@ class DbfFieldDef(object):
 
     # field type. for more information about fields types visit
     # `http://www.clicketyclick.dk/databases/xbase/format/data_types.html`
-    # must be overriden in child classes
+    # must be overridden in child classes
     typeCode = None
 
     # default value for the field. this field must be
-    # overriden in child classes
+    # overridden in child classes
     defaultValue = None
 
     def __init__(self, name, length=None, decimalCount=None,
-        start=None, stop=None, ignoreErrors=False,
+                 start=None, stop=None, ignoreErrors=False):
-    ):
         """Initialize instance."""
-        assert self.typeCode is not None, "Type code must be overriden"
+        assert self.typeCode is not None, "Type code must be overridden"
-        assert self.defaultValue is not None, "Default value must be overriden"
+        assert self.defaultValue is not None, "Default value must be overridden"
-        ## fix arguments
+        # fix arguments
-        if len(name) >10:
+        if len(name) > 10:
             raise ValueError("Field name \"%s\" is too long" % name)
         name = str(name).upper()
         if self.__class__.length is None:
@@ -87,13 +88,12 @@ class DbfFieldDef(object):
                 raise ValueError("[%s] Length isn't specified" % name)
             length = int(length)
             if length <= 0:
-                raise ValueError("[%s] Length must be a positive integer"
+                raise ValueError("[%s] Length must be a positive integer" % name)
-                    % name)
         else:
             length = self.length
         if decimalCount is None:
             decimalCount = 0
-        ## set fields
+        # set fields
         self.name = name
         # FIXME: validate length according to the specification at
         # http://www.clicketyclick.dk/databases/xbase/format/data_types.html
@@ -103,8 +103,14 @@ class DbfFieldDef(object):
         self.start = start
         self.end = stop
 
-    def __cmp__(self, other):
+    def __eq__(self, other):
-        return cmp(self.name, str(other).upper())
+        return repr(self) == repr(other)
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return repr(self) != repr(other)
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        return repr(self) < repr(other)
 
     def __hash__(self):
         return hash(self.name)
@@ -123,9 +129,9 @@ class DbfFieldDef(object):
 
         """
         assert len(string) == 32
-        _length = ord(string[16])
+        _length = string[16]
-        return cls(utils.unzfill(string)[:11], _length, ord(string[17]),
+        return cls(utils.unzfill(string)[:11].decode('utf-8'), _length,
-            start, start + _length, ignoreErrors=ignoreErrors)
+            string[17], start, start + _length, ignoreErrors=ignoreErrors)
     fromString = classmethod(fromString)
 
     def toString(self):
@@ -136,15 +142,11 @@ class DbfFieldDef(object):
             definition of this field.
 
         """
-        if sys.version_info < (2, 4):
+        _name = self.name.ljust(11, '\0')
-            # earlier versions did not support padding character
-            _name = self.name[:11] + "\0" * (11 - len(self.name))
-        else:
-            _name = self.name.ljust(11, '\0')
         return (
             _name +
             self.typeCode +
-            #data address
+            # data address
             chr(0) * 4 +
             chr(self.length) +
             chr(self.decimalCount) +
@@ -171,7 +173,7 @@ class DbfFieldDef(object):
         """Return decoded field value from the record string."""
         try:
             return self.decodeValue(self.rawFromRecord(record))
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             if self.ignoreErrors:
                 return utils.INVALID_VALUE
             else:
@@ -190,17 +192,18 @@ class DbfFieldDef(object):
     def encodeValue(self, value):
         """Return str object containing encoded field value.
 
-        This is an abstract method and it must be overriden in child classes.
+        This is an abstract method and it must be overridden in child classes.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError
 
-## real classes
+# real classes
+
 
 class DbfCharacterFieldDef(DbfFieldDef):
     """Definition of the character field."""
 
     typeCode = "C"
-    defaultValue = ""
+    defaultValue = b''
 
     def decodeValue(self, value):
         """Return string object.
@@ -208,7 +211,7 @@ class DbfCharacterFieldDef(DbfFieldDef):
         Return value is a ``value`` argument with stripped right spaces.
 
         """
-        return value.rstrip(" ")
+        return value.rstrip(b' ').decode('utf-8')
 
     def encodeValue(self, value):
         """Return raw data string encoded from a ``value``."""
@@ -235,8 +238,8 @@ class DbfNumericFieldDef(DbfFieldDef):
             Return value is a int (long) or float instance.
 
         """
-        value = value.strip(" \0")
+        value = value.strip(b' \0')
-        if "." in value:
+        if b'.' in value:
             # a float (has decimal separator)
             return float(value)
         elif value:
@@ -257,11 +260,13 @@ class DbfNumericFieldDef(DbfFieldDef):
                     % (self.name, _rv, self.length))
         return _rv
 
+
 class DbfFloatFieldDef(DbfNumericFieldDef):
     """Definition of the float field - same as numeric."""
 
     typeCode = "F"
 
+
 class DbfIntegerFieldDef(DbfFieldDef):
     """Definition of the integer field."""
 
@@ -277,6 +282,7 @@ class DbfIntegerFieldDef(DbfFieldDef):
         """Return string containing encoded ``value``."""
         return struct.pack("<i", int(value))
 
+
 class DbfCurrencyFieldDef(DbfFieldDef):
     """Definition of the currency field."""
 
@@ -292,6 +298,7 @@ class DbfCurrencyFieldDef(DbfFieldDef):
         """Return string containing encoded ``value``."""
         return struct.pack("<q", round(value * 10000))
 
+
 class DbfLogicalFieldDef(DbfFieldDef):
     """Definition of the logical field."""
 
@@ -308,7 +315,7 @@ class DbfLogicalFieldDef(DbfFieldDef):
             return False
         if value in "YyTt":
             return True
-        raise ValueError("[%s] Invalid logical value %r" % (self.name, value))
+        raise ValueError(f"[{self.name}] Invalid logical value {value!r}")
 
     def encodeValue(self, value):
         """Return a character from the "TF?" set.
@@ -328,7 +335,7 @@ class DbfLogicalFieldDef(DbfFieldDef):
 class DbfMemoFieldDef(DbfFieldDef):
     """Definition of the memo field.
 
-    Note: memos aren't currenly completely supported.
+    Note: memos aren't currently completely supported.
 
     """
 
@@ -338,7 +345,7 @@ class DbfMemoFieldDef(DbfFieldDef):
 
     def decodeValue(self, value):
         """Return int .dbt block number decoded from the string object."""
-        #return int(value)
+        # return int(value)
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     def encodeValue(self, value):
@@ -347,7 +354,7 @@ class DbfMemoFieldDef(DbfFieldDef):
         Note: this is an internal method.
 
         """
-        #return str(value)[:self.length].ljust(self.length)
+        # return str(value)[:self.length].ljust(self.length)
         raise NotImplementedError
 
 
@@ -423,6 +430,7 @@ class DbfDateTimeFieldDef(DbfFieldDef):
 
 _fieldsRegistry = {}
 
+
 def registerField(fieldCls):
     """Register field definition class.
 
@@ -452,13 +460,14 @@ def lookupFor(typeCode):
     """
     # XXX: use typeCode.upper()? in case of any decign don't
     # forget to look to the same comment in ``registerField``
-    return _fieldsRegistry[typeCode]
+    return _fieldsRegistry[chr(typeCode)]
 
-## register generic types
+# register generic types
 
-for (_name, _val) in globals().items():
+
+for (_name, _val) in list(globals().items()):
     if isinstance(_val, type) and issubclass(_val, DbfFieldDef) \
-    and (_name != "DbfFieldDef"):
+       and (_name != "DbfFieldDef"):
         __all__.append(_name)
         registerField(_val)
 del _name, _val

src/tablib/packages/dbfpy/header.py

@@ -19,20 +19,16 @@ __date__ = "$Date: 2010/09/16 05:06:39 $"[7:-2]
 
 __all__ = ["DbfHeader"]
 
-try:
-    import cStringIO
-except ImportError:
-    # when we're in python3, we cStringIO has been replaced by io.StringIO
-    import io as cStringIO
 import datetime
+import io
 import struct
-import time
+import sys
 
 from . import fields
-from . import utils
+from .utils import getDate
 
 
-class DbfHeader(object):
+class DbfHeader:
     """Dbf header definition.
 
     For more information about dbf header format visit
@@ -54,13 +50,12 @@ class DbfHeader(object):
     """
 
     __slots__ = ("signature", "fields", "lastUpdate", "recordLength",
-        "recordCount", "headerLength", "changed", "_ignore_errors")
+                 "recordCount", "headerLength", "changed", "_ignore_errors")
 
-    ## instance construction and initialization methods
+    # instance construction and initialization methods
 
     def __init__(self, fields=None, headerLength=0, recordLength=0,
-        recordCount=0, signature=0x03, lastUpdate=None, ignoreErrors=False,
+                 recordCount=0, signature=0x03, lastUpdate=None, ignoreErrors=False):
-    ):
         """Initialize instance.
 
         Arguments:
@@ -90,7 +85,7 @@ class DbfHeader(object):
             self.fields = []
         else:
             self.fields = list(fields)
-        self.lastUpdate = utils.getDate(lastUpdate)
+        self.lastUpdate = getDate(lastUpdate)
         self.recordLength = recordLength
         self.headerLength = headerLength
         self.recordCount = recordCount
@@ -102,35 +97,34 @@ class DbfHeader(object):
     # @classmethod
     def fromString(cls, string):
         """Return header instance from the string object."""
-        return cls.fromStream(cStringIO.StringIO(str(string)))
+        return cls.fromStream(io.StringIO(str(string)))
     fromString = classmethod(fromString)
 
     # @classmethod
     def fromStream(cls, stream):
         """Return header object from the stream."""
         stream.seek(0)
-        _data = stream.read(32)
+        first_32 = stream.read(32)
+        if type(first_32) != bytes:
+            _data = bytes(first_32, sys.getfilesystemencoding())
+        _data = first_32
         (_cnt, _hdrLen, _recLen) = struct.unpack("<I2H", _data[4:12])
-        #reserved = _data[12:32]
+        # reserved = _data[12:32]
-        _year = ord(_data[1])
+        _year = _data[1]
         if _year < 80:
             # dBase II started at 1980.  It is quite unlikely
             # that actual last update date is before that year.
             _year += 2000
         else:
             _year += 1900
-        ## create header object
+        # create header object
-        _obj = cls(None, _hdrLen, _recLen, _cnt, ord(_data[0]),
+        _obj = cls(None, _hdrLen, _recLen, _cnt, _data[0],
-            (_year, ord(_data[2]), ord(_data[3])))
+                   (_year, _data[2], _data[3]))
-        ## append field definitions
+        # append field definitions
         # position 0 is for the deletion flag
         _pos = 1
         _data = stream.read(1)
-
+        while _data != b'\r':
-        # The field definitions are ended either by \x0D OR a newline
-        # character, so we need to handle both when reading from a stream.
-        # When writing, dbfpy appears to write newlines instead of \x0D.
-        while _data[0] not in ["\x0D", "\n"]:
             _data += stream.read(31)
             _fld = fields.lookupFor(_data[11]).fromString(_data, _pos)
             _obj._addField(_fld)
@@ -139,7 +133,7 @@ class DbfHeader(object):
         return _obj
     fromStream = classmethod(fromStream)
 
-    ## properties
+    # properties
 
     year = property(lambda self: self.lastUpdate.year)
     month = property(lambda self: self.lastUpdate.month)
@@ -160,7 +154,7 @@ class DbfHeader(object):
 
         """)
 
-    ## object representation
+    # object representation
 
     def __repr__(self):
         _rv = """\
@@ -177,7 +171,7 @@ Version (signature): 0x%02x
         )
         return _rv
 
-    ## internal methods
+    # internal methods
 
     def _addField(self, *defs):
         """Internal variant of the `addField` method.
@@ -201,8 +195,7 @@ Version (signature): 0x%02x
             else:
                 (_name, _type, _len, _dec) = (tuple(_def) + (None,) * 4)[:4]
                 _cls = fields.lookupFor(_type)
-                _obj = _cls(_name, _len, _dec,
+                _obj = _cls(_name, _len, _dec, ignoreErrors=self._ignore_errors)
-                    ignoreErrors=self._ignore_errors)
             _recordLength += _obj.length
             _defs.append(_obj)
         # and now extend field definitions and
@@ -210,7 +203,7 @@ Version (signature): 0x%02x
         self.fields += _defs
         return _recordLength
 
-    ## interface methods
+    # interface methods
 
     def addField(self, *defs):
         """Add field definition to the header.
@@ -240,8 +233,9 @@ Version (signature): 0x%02x
         """Encode and write header to the stream."""
         stream.seek(0)
         stream.write(self.toString())
-        stream.write("".join([_fld.toString() for _fld in self.fields]))
+        fields = [_fld.toString() for _fld in self.fields]
-        stream.write(chr(0x0D))   # cr at end of all hdr data
+        stream.write(''.join(fields).encode(sys.getfilesystemencoding()))
+        stream.write(b'\x0D')   # cr at end of all header data
         self.changed = False
 
     def toString(self):
@@ -253,7 +247,8 @@ Version (signature): 0x%02x
             self.day,
             self.recordCount,
             self.headerLength,
-            self.recordLength) + "\0" * 20
+            self.recordLength) + (b'\x00' * 20)
+        # TODO: figure out if bytes(utf-8) is correct here.
 
     def setCurrentDate(self):
         """Update ``self.lastUpdate`` field with current date value."""
@@ -261,7 +256,7 @@ Version (signature): 0x%02x
 
     def __getitem__(self, item):
         """Return a field definition by numeric index or name string"""
-        if isinstance(item, basestring):
+        if isinstance(item, str):
             _name = item.upper()
             for _field in self.fields:
                 if _field.name == _name:

src/tablib/packages/dbfpy/record.py

@@ -16,19 +16,20 @@ __date__ = "$Date: 2007/02/11 09:05:49 $"[7:-2]
 
 __all__ = ["DbfRecord"]
 
-from itertools import izip
+import sys
 
-import utils
+from . import utils
 
-class DbfRecord(object):
+
+class DbfRecord:
     """DBF record.
 
-    Instances of this class shouldn't be created manualy,
+    Instances of this class shouldn't be created manually,
     use `dbf.Dbf.newRecord` instead.
 
     Class implements mapping/sequence interface, so
     fields could be accessed via their names or indexes
-    (names is a preffered way to access fields).
+    (names is a preferred way to access fields).
 
     Hint:
         Use `store` method to save modified record.
@@ -52,14 +53,14 @@ class DbfRecord(object):
 
     __slots__ = "dbf", "index", "deleted", "fieldData"
 
-    ## creation and initialization
+    # creation and initialization
 
     def __init__(self, dbf, index=None, deleted=False, data=None):
-        """Instance initialiation.
+        """Instance initialization.
 
         Arguments:
             dbf:
-                A `Dbf.Dbf` instance this record belonogs to.
+                A `Dbf.Dbf` instance this record belongs to.
             index:
                 An integer record index or None. If this value is
                 None, record will be appended to the DBF.
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ class DbfRecord(object):
 
     # XXX: validate self.index before calculating position?
     position = property(lambda self: self.dbf.header.headerLength + \
-        self.index * self.dbf.header.recordLength)
+                        self.index * self.dbf.header.recordLength)
 
     def rawFromStream(cls, dbf, index):
         """Return raw record contents read from the stream.
@@ -137,10 +138,10 @@ class DbfRecord(object):
 
         """
         return cls(dbf, index, string[0]=="*",
-            [_fd.decodeFromRecord(string) for _fd in dbf.header.fields])
+                   [_fd.decodeFromRecord(string) for _fd in dbf.header.fields])
     fromString = classmethod(fromString)
 
-    ## object representation
+    # object representation
 
     def __repr__(self):
         _template = "%%%ds: %%s (%%s)" % max([len(_fld)
@@ -155,14 +156,14 @@ class DbfRecord(object):
                 _rv.append(_template % (_fld, _val, type(_val)))
         return "\n".join(_rv)
 
-    ## protected methods
+    # protected methods
 
     def _write(self):
         """Write data to the dbf stream.
 
         Note:
             This isn't a public method, it's better to
-            use 'store' instead publically.
+            use 'store' instead publicly.
             Be design ``_write`` method should be called
             only from the `Dbf` instance.
 
@@ -170,15 +171,16 @@ class DbfRecord(object):
         """
         self._validateIndex(False)
         self.dbf.stream.seek(self.position)
-        self.dbf.stream.write(self.toString())
+        self.dbf.stream.write(bytes(self.toString(),
+                              sys.getfilesystemencoding()))
         # FIXME: may be move this write somewhere else?
         # why we should check this condition for each record?
         if self.index == len(self.dbf):
             # this is the last record,
             # we should write SUB (ASCII 26)
-            self.dbf.stream.write("\x1A")
+            self.dbf.stream.write(b"\x1A")
 
-    ## utility methods
+    # utility methods
 
     def _validateIndex(self, allowUndefined=True, checkRange=False):
         """Valid ``self.index`` value.
@@ -194,9 +196,9 @@ class DbfRecord(object):
             raise ValueError("Index can't be negative (%s)" % self.index)
         elif checkRange and self.index <= self.dbf.header.recordCount:
             raise ValueError("There are only %d records in the DBF" %
-                self.dbf.header.recordCount)
+                             self.dbf.header.recordCount)
 
-    ## interface methods
+    # interface methods
 
     def store(self):
         """Store current record in the DBF.
@@ -218,9 +220,12 @@ class DbfRecord(object):
 
     def toString(self):
         """Return string packed record values."""
+#        for (_def, _dat) in zip(self.dbf.header.fields, self.fieldData):
+#
+
         return "".join([" *"[self.deleted]] + [
-            _def.encodeValue(_dat)
+           _def.encodeValue(_dat)
-            for (_def, _dat) in izip(self.dbf.header.fields, self.fieldData)
+            for (_def, _dat) in zip(self.dbf.header.fields, self.fieldData)
         ])
 
     def asList(self):
@@ -241,11 +246,11 @@ class DbfRecord(object):
             real values stored in this object.
 
         """
-        return dict([_i for _i in izip(self.dbf.fieldNames, self.fieldData)])
+        return dict([_i for _i in zip(self.dbf.fieldNames, self.fieldData)])
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         """Return value by field name or field index."""
-        if isinstance(key, (long, int)):
+        if isinstance(key, int):
             # integer index of the field
             return self.fieldData[key]
         # assuming string field name
@@ -253,7 +258,7 @@ class DbfRecord(object):
 
     def __setitem__(self, key, value):
         """Set field value by integer index of the field or string name."""
-        if isinstance(key, (int, long)):
+        if isinstance(key, int):
             # integer index of the field
             return self.fieldData[key]
         # assuming string field name

src/tablib/packages/dbfpy/utils.py

@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@ import time
 def unzfill(str):
     """Return a string without ASCII NULs.
 
-    This function searchers for the first NUL (ASCII 0) occurance
+    This function searchers for the first NUL (ASCII 0) occurrence
     and truncates string till that position.
 
     """
     try:
-        return str[:str.index('\0')]
+        return str[:str.index(b'\0')]
     except ValueError:
         return str
 
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def getDate(date=None):
         sequence:
             assuming (year, month, day, ...) sequence;
 
-    Additionaly, if ``date`` has callable ``ticks`` attribute,
+    Additionally, if ``date`` has callable ``ticks`` attribute,
     it will be used and result of the called would be treated
     as a timestamp value.
 
@@ -60,10 +60,10 @@ def getDate(date=None):
         return date
     if isinstance(date, datetime.datetime):
         return date.date()
-    if isinstance(date, (int, long, float)):
+    if isinstance(date, (int, float)):
         # date is a timestamp
         return datetime.date.fromtimestamp(date)
-    if isinstance(date, basestring):
+    if isinstance(date, str):
         date = date.replace(" ", "0")
         if len(date) == 6:
             # yymmdd
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ def getDateTime(value=None):
         sequence:
             assuming (year, month, day, ...) sequence;
 
-    Additionaly, if ``value`` has callable ``ticks`` attribute,
+    Additionally, if ``value`` has callable ``ticks`` attribute,
     it will be used and result of the called would be treated
     as a timestamp value.
 
@@ -107,10 +107,10 @@ def getDateTime(value=None):
         return value
     if isinstance(value, datetime.date):
         return datetime.datetime.fromordinal(value.toordinal())
-    if isinstance(value, (int, long, float)):
+    if isinstance(value, (int, float)):
         # value is a timestamp
         return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(value)
-    if isinstance(value, basestring):
+    if isinstance(value, str):
         raise NotImplementedError("Strings aren't currently implemented")
     if hasattr(value, "__getitem__"):
         # a sequence (assuming date/time tuple)
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ class classproperty(property):
         return self.fget(cls)
 
 
-class _InvalidValue(object):
+class _InvalidValue:
 
     """Value returned from DBF records when field validation fails
 
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class _InvalidValue(object):
     def __ne__(self, other):
         return not (other is self)
 
-    def __nonzero__(self):
+    def __bool__(self):
         return False
 
     def __int__(self):
@@ -158,12 +158,10 @@ class _InvalidValue(object):
     def __str__(self):
         return ""
 
-    def __unicode__(self):
-        return u""
-
     def __repr__(self):
         return "<INVALID>"
 
+
 # invalid value is a constant singleton
 INVALID_VALUE = _InvalidValue()
 

src/tablib/packages/dbfpy3/dbf.py

@@ -1,297 +0,0 @@
-#! /usr/bin/env python
-"""DBF accessing helpers.
-
-FIXME: more documentation needed
-
-Examples:
-
-    Create new table, setup structure, add records:
-
-        dbf = Dbf(filename, new=True)
-        dbf.addField(
-            ("NAME", "C", 15),
-            ("SURNAME", "C", 25),
-            ("INITIALS", "C", 10),
-            ("BIRTHDATE", "D"),
-        )
-        for (n, s, i, b) in (
-            ("John", "Miller", "YC", (1980, 10, 11)),
-            ("Andy", "Larkin", "", (1980, 4, 11)),
-        ):
-            rec = dbf.newRecord()
-            rec["NAME"] = n
-            rec["SURNAME"] = s
-            rec["INITIALS"] = i
-            rec["BIRTHDATE"] = b
-            rec.store()
-        dbf.close()
-
-    Open existed dbf, read some data:
-
-        dbf = Dbf(filename, True)
-        for rec in dbf:
-            for fldName in dbf.fieldNames:
-                print('%s:\t %s (%s)' % (fldName, rec[fldName],
-                    type(rec[fldName])))
-        dbf.close()
-
-"""
-"""History (most recent first):
-11-feb-2007 [als]   export INVALID_VALUE;
-                    Dbf: added .ignoreErrors, .INVALID_VALUE
-04-jul-2006 [als]   added export declaration
-20-dec-2005 [yc]    removed fromStream and newDbf methods:
-                    use argument of __init__ call must be used instead;
-                    added class fields pointing to the header and
-                    record classes.
-17-dec-2005 [yc]    split to several modules; reimplemented
-13-dec-2005 [yc]    adapted to the changes of the `strutil` module.
-13-sep-2002 [als]   support FoxPro Timestamp datatype
-15-nov-1999 [jjk]   documentation updates, add demo
-24-aug-1998 [jjk]   add some encodeValue methods (not tested), other tweaks
-08-jun-1998 [jjk]   fix problems, add more features
-20-feb-1998 [jjk]   fix problems, add more features
-19-feb-1998 [jjk]   add create/write capabilities
-18-feb-1998 [jjk]   from dbfload.py
-"""
-
-__version__ = "$Revision: 1.7 $"[11:-2]
-__date__ = "$Date: 2007/02/11 09:23:13 $"[7:-2]
-__author__ = "Jeff Kunce <kuncej@mail.conservation.state.mo.us>"
-
-__all__ = ["Dbf"]
-
-from . import header
-from . import record
-from .utils import INVALID_VALUE
-
-
-class Dbf(object):
-    """DBF accessor.
-
-    FIXME:
-        docs and examples needed (dont' forget to tell
-        about problems adding new fields on the fly)
-
-    Implementation notes:
-        ``_new`` field is used to indicate whether this is
-        a new data table. `addField` could be used only for
-        the new tables! If at least one record was appended
-        to the table it's structure couldn't be changed.
-
-    """
-
-    __slots__ = ("name", "header", "stream",
-                 "_changed", "_new", "_ignore_errors")
-
-    HeaderClass = header.DbfHeader
-    RecordClass = record.DbfRecord
-    INVALID_VALUE = INVALID_VALUE
-
-    # initialization and creation helpers
-
-    def __init__(self, f, readOnly=False, new=False, ignoreErrors=False):
-        """Initialize instance.
-
-        Arguments:
-            f:
-                Filename or file-like object.
-            new:
-                True if new data table must be created. Assume
-                data table exists if this argument is False.
-            readOnly:
-                if ``f`` argument is a string file will
-                be opend in read-only mode; in other cases
-                this argument is ignored. This argument is ignored
-                even if ``new`` argument is True.
-            headerObj:
-                `header.DbfHeader` instance or None. If this argument
-                is None, new empty header will be used with the
-                all fields set by default.
-            ignoreErrors:
-                if set, failing field value conversion will return
-                ``INVALID_VALUE`` instead of raising conversion error.
-
-        """
-        if isinstance(f, str):
-            # a filename
-            self.name = f
-            if new:
-                # new table (table file must be
-                # created or opened and truncated)
-                self.stream = open(f, "w+b")
-            else:
-                # tabe file must exist
-                self.stream = open(f, ("r+b", "rb")[bool(readOnly)])
-        else:
-            # a stream
-            self.name = getattr(f, "name", "")
-            self.stream = f
-        if new:
-            # if this is a new table, header will be empty
-            self.header = self.HeaderClass()
-        else:
-            # or instantiated using stream
-            self.header = self.HeaderClass.fromStream(self.stream)
-        self.ignoreErrors = ignoreErrors
-        self._new = bool(new)
-        self._changed = False
-
-    # properties
-
-    closed = property(lambda self: self.stream.closed)
-    recordCount = property(lambda self: self.header.recordCount)
-    fieldNames = property(
-        lambda self: [_fld.name for _fld in self.header.fields])
-    fieldDefs = property(lambda self: self.header.fields)
-    changed = property(lambda self: self._changed or self.header.changed)
-
-    def ignoreErrors(self, value):
-        """Update `ignoreErrors` flag on the header object and self"""
-        self.header.ignoreErrors = self._ignore_errors = bool(value)
-
-    ignoreErrors = property(
-        lambda self: self._ignore_errors,
-        ignoreErrors,
-        doc="""Error processing mode for DBF field value conversion
-
-        if set, failing field value conversion will return
-        ``INVALID_VALUE`` instead of raising conversion error.
-
-        """)
-
-    # protected methods
-
-    def _fixIndex(self, index):
-        """Return fixed index.
-
-        This method fails if index isn't a numeric object
-        (long or int). Or index isn't in a valid range
-        (less or equal to the number of records in the db).
-
-        If ``index`` is a negative number, it will be
-        treated as a negative indexes for list objects.
-
-        Return:
-            Return value is numeric object maning valid index.
-
-        """
-        if not isinstance(index, int):
-            raise TypeError("Index must be a numeric object")
-        if index < 0:
-            # index from the right side
-            # fix it to the left-side index
-            index += len(self) + 1
-        if index >= len(self):
-            raise IndexError("Record index out of range")
-        return index
-
-    # iterface methods
-
-    def close(self):
-        self.flush()
-        self.stream.close()
-
-    def flush(self):
-        """Flush data to the associated stream."""
-        if self.changed:
-            self.header.setCurrentDate()
-            self.header.write(self.stream)
-            self.stream.flush()
-            self._changed = False
-
-    def indexOfFieldName(self, name):
-        """Index of field named ``name``."""
-        # FIXME: move this to header class
-        names = [f.name for f in self.header.fields]
-        return names.index(name.upper())
-
-    def newRecord(self):
-        """Return new record, which belong to this table."""
-        return self.RecordClass(self)
-
-    def append(self, record):
-        """Append ``record`` to the database."""
-        record.index = self.header.recordCount
-        record._write()
-        self.header.recordCount += 1
-        self._changed = True
-        self._new = False
-
-    def addField(self, *defs):
-        """Add field definitions.
-
-        For more information see `header.DbfHeader.addField`.
-
-        """
-        if self._new:
-            self.header.addField(*defs)
-        else:
-            raise TypeError("At least one record was added, "
-                            "structure can't be changed")
-
-    # 'magic' methods (representation and sequence interface)
-
-    def __repr__(self):
-        return "Dbf stream '%s'\n" % self.stream + repr(self.header)
-
-    def __len__(self):
-        """Return number of records."""
-        return self.recordCount
-
-    def __getitem__(self, index):
-        """Return `DbfRecord` instance."""
-        return self.RecordClass.fromStream(self, self._fixIndex(index))
-
-    def __setitem__(self, index, record):
-        """Write `DbfRecord` instance to the stream."""
-        record.index = self._fixIndex(index)
-        record._write()
-        self._changed = True
-        self._new = False
-
-        # def __del__(self):
-        #    """Flush stream upon deletion of the object."""
-        #    self.flush()
-
-
-def demo_read(filename):
-    _dbf = Dbf(filename, True)
-    for _rec in _dbf:
-        print()
-        print(repr(_rec))
-    _dbf.close()
-
-
-def demo_create(filename):
-    _dbf = Dbf(filename, new=True)
-    _dbf.addField(
-        ("NAME", "C", 15),
-        ("SURNAME", "C", 25),
-        ("INITIALS", "C", 10),
-        ("BIRTHDATE", "D"),
-    )
-    for (_n, _s, _i, _b) in (
-            ("John", "Miller", "YC", (1981, 1, 2)),
-            ("Andy", "Larkin", "AL", (1982, 3, 4)),
-            ("Bill", "Clinth", "", (1983, 5, 6)),
-            ("Bobb", "McNail", "", (1984, 7, 8)),
-    ):
-        _rec = _dbf.newRecord()
-        _rec["NAME"] = _n
-        _rec["SURNAME"] = _s
-        _rec["INITIALS"] = _i
-        _rec["BIRTHDATE"] = _b
-        _rec.store()
-    print(repr(_dbf))
-    _dbf.close()
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    import sys
-
-    _name = len(sys.argv) > 1 and sys.argv[1] or "county.dbf"
-    demo_create(_name)
-    demo_read(_name)
-
-# vim: set et sw=4 sts=4 :

src/tablib/packages/dbfpy3/dbfnew.py

@@ -1,183 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
-""".DBF creation helpers.
-
-Note: this is a legacy interface.  New code should use Dbf class
-    for table creation (see examples in dbf.py)
-
-TODO:
-  - handle Memo fields.
-  - check length of the fields accoring to the
-    `http://www.clicketyclick.dk/databases/xbase/format/data_types.html`
-
-"""
-"""History (most recent first)
-04-jul-2006 [als]   added export declaration;
-                    updated for dbfpy 2.0
-15-dec-2005 [yc]    define dbf_new.__slots__
-14-dec-2005 [yc]    added vim modeline; retab'd; added doc-strings;
-                    dbf_new now is a new class (inherited from object)
-??-jun-2000 [--]    added by Hans Fiby
-"""
-
-__version__ = "$Revision: 1.4 $"[11:-2]
-__date__ = "$Date: 2006/07/04 08:18:18 $"[7:-2]
-
-__all__ = ["dbf_new"]
-
-from .dbf import *
-from .fields import *
-from .header import *
-from .record import *
-
-
-class _FieldDefinition(object):
-    """Field definition.
-
-    This is a simple structure, which contains ``name``, ``type``,
-    ``len``, ``dec`` and ``cls`` fields.
-
-    Objects also implement get/setitem magic functions, so fields
-    could be accessed via sequence iterface, where 'name' has
-    index 0, 'type' index 1, 'len' index 2, 'dec' index 3 and
-    'cls' could be located at index 4.
-
-    """
-
-    __slots__ = "name", "type", "len", "dec", "cls"
-
-    # WARNING: be attentive - dictionaries are mutable!
-    FLD_TYPES = {
-        # type: (cls, len)
-        "C": (DbfCharacterFieldDef, None),
-        "N": (DbfNumericFieldDef, None),
-        "L": (DbfLogicalFieldDef, 1),
-        # FIXME: support memos
-        # "M": (DbfMemoFieldDef),
-        "D": (DbfDateFieldDef, 8),
-        # FIXME: I'm not sure length should be 14 characters!
-        # but temporary I use it, cuz date is 8 characters
-        # and time 6 (hhmmss)
-        "T": (DbfDateTimeFieldDef, 14),
-    }
-
-    def __init__(self, name, type, len=None, dec=0):
-        _cls, _len = self.FLD_TYPES[type]
-        if _len is None:
-            if len is None:
-                raise ValueError("Field length must be defined")
-            _len = len
-        self.name = name
-        self.type = type
-        self.len = _len
-        self.dec = dec
-        self.cls = _cls
-
-    def getDbfField(self):
-        "Return `DbfFieldDef` instance from the current definition."
-        return self.cls(self.name, self.len, self.dec)
-
-    def appendToHeader(self, dbfh):
-        """Create a `DbfFieldDef` instance and append it to the dbf header.
-
-        Arguments:
-            dbfh: `DbfHeader` instance.
-
-        """
-        _dbff = self.getDbfField()
-        dbfh.addField(_dbff)
-
-
-class dbf_new(object):
-    """New .DBF creation helper.
-
-    Example Usage:
-
-        dbfn = dbf_new()
-        dbfn.add_field("name",'C',80)
-        dbfn.add_field("price",'N',10,2)
-        dbfn.add_field("date",'D',8)
-        dbfn.write("tst.dbf")
-
-    Note:
-        This module cannot handle Memo-fields,
-        they are special.
-
-    """
-
-    __slots__ = ("fields",)
-
-    FieldDefinitionClass = _FieldDefinition
-
-    def __init__(self):
-        self.fields = []
-
-    def add_field(self, name, typ, len, dec=0):
-        """Add field definition.
-
-        Arguments:
-            name:
-                field name (str object). field name must not
-                contain ASCII NULs and it's length shouldn't
-                exceed 10 characters.
-            typ:
-                type of the field. this must be a single character
-                from the "CNLMDT" set meaning character, numeric,
-                logical, memo, date and date/time respectively.
-            len:
-                length of the field. this argument is used only for
-                the character and numeric fields. all other fields
-                have fixed length.
-                FIXME: use None as a default for this argument?
-            dec:
-                decimal precision. used only for the numric fields.
-
-        """
-        self.fields.append(self.FieldDefinitionClass(name, typ, len, dec))
-
-    def write(self, filename):
-        """Create empty .DBF file using current structure."""
-        _dbfh = DbfHeader()
-        _dbfh.setCurrentDate()
-        for _fldDef in self.fields:
-            _fldDef.appendToHeader(_dbfh)
-
-        _dbfStream = open(filename, "wb")
-        _dbfh.write(_dbfStream)
-        _dbfStream.close()
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    # create a new DBF-File
-    dbfn = dbf_new()
-    dbfn.add_field("name", 'C', 80)
-    dbfn.add_field("price", 'N', 10, 2)
-    dbfn.add_field("date", 'D', 8)
-    dbfn.write("tst.dbf")
-    # test new dbf
-    print("*** created tst.dbf: ***")
-    dbft = Dbf('tst.dbf', readOnly=0)
-    print(repr(dbft))
-    # add a record
-    rec = DbfRecord(dbft)
-    rec['name'] = 'something'
-    rec['price'] = 10.5
-    rec['date'] = (2000, 1, 12)
-    rec.store()
-    # add another record
-    rec = DbfRecord(dbft)
-    rec['name'] = 'foo and bar'
-    rec['price'] = 12234
-    rec['date'] = (1992, 7, 15)
-    rec.store()
-
-    # show the records
-    print("*** inserted 2 records into tst.dbf: ***")
-    print(repr(dbft))
-    for i1 in range(len(dbft)):
-        rec = dbft[i1]
-        for fldName in dbft.fieldNames:
-            print('%s:\t %s' % (fldName, rec[fldName]))
-        print()
-    dbft.close()
-
-# vim: set et sts=4 sw=4 :

src/tablib/packages/dbfpy3/fields.py

@@ -1,466 +0,0 @@
-"""DBF fields definitions.
-
-TODO:
-  - make memos work
-"""
-"""History (most recent first):
-26-may-2009 [als]   DbfNumericFieldDef.decodeValue: strip zero bytes
-05-feb-2009 [als]   DbfDateFieldDef.encodeValue: empty arg produces empty date
-16-sep-2008 [als]   DbfNumericFieldDef decoding looks for decimal point
-                    in the value to select float or integer return type
-13-mar-2008 [als]   check field name length in constructor
-11-feb-2007 [als]   handle value conversion errors
-10-feb-2007 [als]   DbfFieldDef: added .rawFromRecord()
-01-dec-2006 [als]   Timestamp columns use None for empty values
-31-oct-2006 [als]   support field types 'F' (float), 'I' (integer)
-                    and 'Y' (currency);
-                    automate export and registration of field classes
-04-jul-2006 [als]   added export declaration
-10-mar-2006 [als]   decode empty values for Date and Logical fields;
-                    show field name in errors
-10-mar-2006 [als]   fix Numeric value decoding: according to spec,
-                    value always is string representation of the number;
-                    ensure that encoded Numeric value fits into the field
-20-dec-2005 [yc]    use field names in upper case
-15-dec-2005 [yc]    field definitions moved from `dbf`.
-"""
-
-__version__ = "$Revision: 1.14 $"[11:-2]
-__date__ = "$Date: 2009/05/26 05:16:51 $"[7:-2]
-
-__all__ = ["lookupFor",] # field classes added at the end of the module
-
-import datetime
-import struct
-import sys
-
-from . import utils
-
-## abstract definitions
-
-class DbfFieldDef(object):
-    """Abstract field definition.
-
-    Child classes must override ``type`` class attribute to provide datatype
-    infromation of the field definition. For more info about types visit
-    `http://www.clicketyclick.dk/databases/xbase/format/data_types.html`
-
-    Also child classes must override ``defaultValue`` field to provide
-    default value for the field value.
-
-    If child class has fixed length ``length`` class attribute must be
-    overriden and set to the valid value. None value means, that field
-    isn't of fixed length.
-
-    Note: ``name`` field must not be changed after instantiation.
-
-    """
-
-    __slots__ = ("name", "decimalCount",
-        "start", "end", "ignoreErrors")
-
-    # length of the field, None in case of variable-length field,
-    # or a number if this field is a fixed-length field
-    length = None
-
-    # field type. for more information about fields types visit
-    # `http://www.clicketyclick.dk/databases/xbase/format/data_types.html`
-    # must be overriden in child classes
-    typeCode = None
-
-    # default value for the field. this field must be
-    # overriden in child classes
-    defaultValue = None
-
-    def __init__(self, name, length=None, decimalCount=None,
-        start=None, stop=None, ignoreErrors=False,
-    ):
-        """Initialize instance."""
-        assert self.typeCode is not None, "Type code must be overriden"
-        assert self.defaultValue is not None, "Default value must be overriden"
-        ## fix arguments
-        if len(name) >10:
-            raise ValueError("Field name \"%s\" is too long" % name)
-        name = str(name).upper()
-        if self.__class__.length is None:
-            if length is None:
-                raise ValueError("[%s] Length isn't specified" % name)
-            length = int(length)
-            if length <= 0:
-                raise ValueError("[%s] Length must be a positive integer"
-                    % name)
-        else:
-            length = self.length
-        if decimalCount is None:
-            decimalCount = 0
-        ## set fields
-        self.name = name
-        # FIXME: validate length according to the specification at
-        # http://www.clicketyclick.dk/databases/xbase/format/data_types.html
-        self.length = length
-        self.decimalCount = decimalCount
-        self.ignoreErrors = ignoreErrors
-        self.start = start
-        self.end = stop
-
-    def __cmp__(self, other):
-        return cmp(self.name, str(other).upper())
-
-    def __hash__(self):
-        return hash(self.name)
-
-    def fromString(cls, string, start, ignoreErrors=False):
-        """Decode dbf field definition from the string data.
-
-        Arguments:
-            string:
-                a string, dbf definition is decoded from. length of
-                the string must be 32 bytes.
-            start:
-                position in the database file.
-            ignoreErrors:
-                initial error processing mode for the new field (boolean)
-
-        """
-        assert len(string) == 32
-        _length = string[16]
-        return cls(utils.unzfill(string)[:11].decode('utf-8'), _length,
-            string[17], start, start + _length, ignoreErrors=ignoreErrors)
-    fromString = classmethod(fromString)
-
-    def toString(self):
-        """Return encoded field definition.
-
-        Return:
-            Return value is a string object containing encoded
-            definition of this field.
-
-        """
-        if sys.version_info < (2, 4):
-            # earlier versions did not support padding character
-            _name = self.name[:11] + "\0" * (11 - len(self.name))
-        else:
-            _name = self.name.ljust(11, '\0')
-        return (
-            _name +
-            self.typeCode +
-            #data address
-            chr(0) * 4 +
-            chr(self.length) +
-            chr(self.decimalCount) +
-            chr(0) * 14
-        )
-
-    def __repr__(self):
-        return "%-10s %1s %3d %3d" % self.fieldInfo()
-
-    def fieldInfo(self):
-        """Return field information.
-
-        Return:
-            Return value is a (name, type, length, decimals) tuple.
-
-        """
-        return (self.name, self.typeCode, self.length, self.decimalCount)
-
-    def rawFromRecord(self, record):
-        """Return a "raw" field value from the record string."""
-        return record[self.start:self.end]
-
-    def decodeFromRecord(self, record):
-        """Return decoded field value from the record string."""
-        try:
-            return self.decodeValue(self.rawFromRecord(record))
-        except:
-            if self.ignoreErrors:
-                return utils.INVALID_VALUE
-            else:
-                raise
-
-    def decodeValue(self, value):
-        """Return decoded value from string value.
-
-        This method shouldn't be used publicly. It's called from the
-        `decodeFromRecord` method.
-
-        This is an abstract method and it must be overridden in child classes.
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError
-
-    def encodeValue(self, value):
-        """Return str object containing encoded field value.
-
-        This is an abstract method and it must be overriden in child classes.
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError
-
-## real classes
-
-class DbfCharacterFieldDef(DbfFieldDef):
-    """Definition of the character field."""
-
-    typeCode = "C"
-    defaultValue = b''
-
-    def decodeValue(self, value):
-        """Return string object.
-
-        Return value is a ``value`` argument with stripped right spaces.
-
-        """
-        return value.rstrip(b' ').decode('utf-8')
-
-    def encodeValue(self, value):
-        """Return raw data string encoded from a ``value``."""
-        return str(value)[:self.length].ljust(self.length)
-
-
-class DbfNumericFieldDef(DbfFieldDef):
-    """Definition of the numeric field."""
-
-    typeCode = "N"
-    # XXX: now I'm not sure it was a good idea to make a class field
-    # `defaultValue` instead of a generic method as it was implemented
-    # previously -- it's ok with all types except number, cuz
-    # if self.decimalCount is 0, we should return 0 and 0.0 otherwise.
-    defaultValue = 0
-
-    def decodeValue(self, value):
-        """Return a number decoded from ``value``.
-
-        If decimals is zero, value will be decoded as an integer;
-        or as a float otherwise.
-
-        Return:
-            Return value is a int (long) or float instance.
-
-        """
-        value = value.strip(b' \0')
-        if b'.' in value:
-            # a float (has decimal separator)
-            return float(value)
-        elif value:
-            # must be an integer
-            return int(value)
-        else:
-            return 0
-
-    def encodeValue(self, value):
-        """Return string containing encoded ``value``."""
-        _rv = ("%*.*f" % (self.length, self.decimalCount, value))
-        if len(_rv) > self.length:
-            _ppos = _rv.find(".")
-            if 0 <= _ppos <= self.length:
-                _rv = _rv[:self.length]
-            else:
-                raise ValueError("[%s] Numeric overflow: %s (field width: %i)"
-                    % (self.name, _rv, self.length))
-        return _rv
-
-class DbfFloatFieldDef(DbfNumericFieldDef):
-    """Definition of the float field - same as numeric."""
-
-    typeCode = "F"
-
-class DbfIntegerFieldDef(DbfFieldDef):
-    """Definition of the integer field."""
-
-    typeCode = "I"
-    length = 4
-    defaultValue = 0
-
-    def decodeValue(self, value):
-        """Return an integer number decoded from ``value``."""
-        return struct.unpack("<i", value)[0]
-
-    def encodeValue(self, value):
-        """Return string containing encoded ``value``."""
-        return struct.pack("<i", int(value))
-
-class DbfCurrencyFieldDef(DbfFieldDef):
-    """Definition of the currency field."""
-
-    typeCode = "Y"
-    length = 8
-    defaultValue = 0.0
-
-    def decodeValue(self, value):
-        """Return float number decoded from ``value``."""
-        return struct.unpack("<q", value)[0] / 10000.
-
-    def encodeValue(self, value):
-        """Return string containing encoded ``value``."""
-        return struct.pack("<q", round(value * 10000))
-
-class DbfLogicalFieldDef(DbfFieldDef):
-    """Definition of the logical field."""
-
-    typeCode = "L"
-    defaultValue = -1
-    length = 1
-
-    def decodeValue(self, value):
-        """Return True, False or -1 decoded from ``value``."""
-        # Note: value always is 1-char string
-        if value == "?":
-            return -1
-        if value in "NnFf ":
-            return False
-        if value in "YyTt":
-            return True
-        raise ValueError("[%s] Invalid logical value %r" % (self.name, value))
-
-    def encodeValue(self, value):
-        """Return a character from the "TF?" set.
-
-        Return:
-            Return value is "T" if ``value`` is True
-            "?" if value is -1 or False otherwise.
-
-        """
-        if value is True:
-            return "T"
-        if value == -1:
-            return "?"
-        return "F"
-
-
-class DbfMemoFieldDef(DbfFieldDef):
-    """Definition of the memo field.
-
-    Note: memos aren't currenly completely supported.
-
-    """
-
-    typeCode = "M"
-    defaultValue = " " * 10
-    length = 10
-
-    def decodeValue(self, value):
-        """Return int .dbt block number decoded from the string object."""
-        #return int(value)
-        raise NotImplementedError
-
-    def encodeValue(self, value):
-        """Return raw data string encoded from a ``value``.
-
-        Note: this is an internal method.
-
-        """
-        #return str(value)[:self.length].ljust(self.length)
-        raise NotImplementedError
-
-
-class DbfDateFieldDef(DbfFieldDef):
-    """Definition of the date field."""
-
-    typeCode = "D"
-    defaultValue = utils.classproperty(lambda cls: datetime.date.today())
-    # "yyyymmdd" gives us 8 characters
-    length = 8
-
-    def decodeValue(self, value):
-        """Return a ``datetime.date`` instance decoded from ``value``."""
-        if value.strip():
-            return utils.getDate(value)
-        else:
-            return None
-
-    def encodeValue(self, value):
-        """Return a string-encoded value.
-
-        ``value`` argument should be a value suitable for the
-        `utils.getDate` call.
-
-        Return:
-            Return value is a string in format "yyyymmdd".
-
-        """
-        if value:
-            return utils.getDate(value).strftime("%Y%m%d")
-        else:
-            return " " * self.length
-
-
-class DbfDateTimeFieldDef(DbfFieldDef):
-    """Definition of the timestamp field."""
-
-    # a difference between JDN (Julian Day Number)
-    # and GDN (Gregorian Day Number). note, that GDN < JDN
-    JDN_GDN_DIFF = 1721425
-    typeCode = "T"
-    defaultValue = utils.classproperty(lambda cls: datetime.datetime.now())
-    # two 32-bits integers representing JDN and amount of
-    # milliseconds respectively gives us 8 bytes.
-    # note, that values must be encoded in LE byteorder.
-    length = 8
-
-    def decodeValue(self, value):
-        """Return a `datetime.datetime` instance."""
-        assert len(value) == self.length
-        # LE byteorder
-        _jdn, _msecs = struct.unpack("<2I", value)
-        if _jdn >= 1:
-            _rv = datetime.datetime.fromordinal(_jdn - self.JDN_GDN_DIFF)
-            _rv += datetime.timedelta(0, _msecs / 1000.0)
-        else:
-            # empty date
-            _rv = None
-        return _rv
-
-    def encodeValue(self, value):
-        """Return a string-encoded ``value``."""
-        if value:
-            value = utils.getDateTime(value)
-            # LE byteorder
-            _rv = struct.pack("<2I", value.toordinal() + self.JDN_GDN_DIFF,
-                (value.hour * 3600 + value.minute * 60 + value.second) * 1000)
-        else:
-            _rv = "\0" * self.length
-        assert len(_rv) == self.length
-        return _rv
-
-
-_fieldsRegistry = {}
-
-def registerField(fieldCls):
-    """Register field definition class.
-
-    ``fieldCls`` should be subclass of the `DbfFieldDef`.
-
-    Use `lookupFor` to retrieve field definition class
-    by the type code.
-
-    """
-    assert fieldCls.typeCode is not None, "Type code isn't defined"
-    # XXX: use fieldCls.typeCode.upper()? in case of any decign
-    # don't forget to look to the same comment in ``lookupFor`` method
-    _fieldsRegistry[fieldCls.typeCode] = fieldCls
-
-
-def lookupFor(typeCode):
-    """Return field definition class for the given type code.
-
-    ``typeCode`` must be a single character. That type should be
-    previously registered.
-
-    Use `registerField` to register new field class.
-
-    Return:
-        Return value is a subclass of the `DbfFieldDef`.
-
-    """
-    # XXX: use typeCode.upper()? in case of any decign don't
-    # forget to look to the same comment in ``registerField``
-    return _fieldsRegistry[chr(typeCode)]
-
-## register generic types
-
-for (_name, _val) in list(globals().items()):
-    if isinstance(_val, type) and issubclass(_val, DbfFieldDef) \
-    and (_name != "DbfFieldDef"):
-        __all__.append(_name)
-        registerField(_val)
-del _name, _val
-
-# vim: et sts=4 sw=4 :

src/tablib/packages/dbfpy3/header.py

@@ -1,273 +0,0 @@
-"""DBF header definition.
-
-TODO:
-  - handle encoding of the character fields
-    (encoding information stored in the DBF header)
-
-"""
-"""History (most recent first):
-16-sep-2010 [als]   fromStream: fix century of the last update field
-11-feb-2007 [als]   added .ignoreErrors
-10-feb-2007 [als]   added __getitem__: return field definitions
-                    by field name or field number (zero-based)
-04-jul-2006 [als]   added export declaration
-15-dec-2005 [yc]    created
-"""
-
-__version__ = "$Revision: 1.6 $"[11:-2]
-__date__ = "$Date: 2010/09/16 05:06:39 $"[7:-2]
-
-__all__ = ["DbfHeader"]
-
-import io
-import datetime
-import struct
-import time
-import sys
-
-from . import fields
-from .utils import getDate
-
-
-class DbfHeader(object):
-    """Dbf header definition.
-
-    For more information about dbf header format visit
-    `http://www.clicketyclick.dk/databases/xbase/format/dbf.html#DBF_STRUCT`
-
-    Examples:
-        Create an empty dbf header and add some field definitions:
-            dbfh = DbfHeader()
-            dbfh.addField(("name", "C", 10))
-            dbfh.addField(("date", "D"))
-            dbfh.addField(DbfNumericFieldDef("price", 5, 2))
-        Create a dbf header with field definitions:
-            dbfh = DbfHeader([
-                ("name", "C", 10),
-                ("date", "D"),
-                DbfNumericFieldDef("price", 5, 2),
-            ])
-
-    """
-
-    __slots__ = ("signature", "fields", "lastUpdate", "recordLength",
-        "recordCount", "headerLength", "changed", "_ignore_errors")
-
-    ## instance construction and initialization methods
-
-    def __init__(self, fields=None, headerLength=0, recordLength=0,
-        recordCount=0, signature=0x03, lastUpdate=None, ignoreErrors=False,
-    ):
-        """Initialize instance.
-
-        Arguments:
-            fields:
-                a list of field definitions;
-            recordLength:
-                size of the records;
-            headerLength:
-                size of the header;
-            recordCount:
-                number of records stored in DBF;
-            signature:
-                version number (aka signature). using 0x03 as a default meaning
-                "File without DBT". for more information about this field visit
-                ``http://www.clicketyclick.dk/databases/xbase/format/dbf.html#DBF_NOTE_1_TARGET``
-            lastUpdate:
-                date of the DBF's update. this could be a string ('yymmdd' or
-                'yyyymmdd'), timestamp (int or float), datetime/date value,
-                a sequence (assuming (yyyy, mm, dd, ...)) or an object having
-                callable ``ticks`` field.
-            ignoreErrors:
-                error processing mode for DBF fields (boolean)
-
-        """
-        self.signature = signature
-        if fields is None:
-            self.fields = []
-        else:
-            self.fields = list(fields)
-        self.lastUpdate = getDate(lastUpdate)
-        self.recordLength = recordLength
-        self.headerLength = headerLength
-        self.recordCount = recordCount
-        self.ignoreErrors = ignoreErrors
-        # XXX: I'm not sure this is safe to
-        # initialize `self.changed` in this way
-        self.changed = bool(self.fields)
-
-    # @classmethod
-    def fromString(cls, string):
-        """Return header instance from the string object."""
-        return cls.fromStream(io.StringIO(str(string)))
-    fromString = classmethod(fromString)
-
-    # @classmethod
-    def fromStream(cls, stream):
-        """Return header object from the stream."""
-        stream.seek(0)
-        first_32 = stream.read(32)
-        if type(first_32) != bytes:
-            _data = bytes(first_32, sys.getfilesystemencoding())
-        _data = first_32
-        (_cnt, _hdrLen, _recLen) = struct.unpack("<I2H", _data[4:12])
-        #reserved = _data[12:32]
-        _year = _data[1]
-        if _year < 80:
-            # dBase II started at 1980.  It is quite unlikely
-            # that actual last update date is before that year.
-            _year += 2000
-        else:
-            _year += 1900
-        ## create header object
-        _obj = cls(None, _hdrLen, _recLen, _cnt, _data[0],
-            (_year, _data[2], _data[3]))
-        ## append field definitions
-        # position 0 is for the deletion flag
-        _pos = 1
-        _data = stream.read(1)
-        while _data != b'\r':
-            _data += stream.read(31)
-            _fld = fields.lookupFor(_data[11]).fromString(_data, _pos)
-            _obj._addField(_fld)
-            _pos = _fld.end
-            _data = stream.read(1)
-        return _obj
-    fromStream = classmethod(fromStream)
-
-    ## properties
-
-    year = property(lambda self: self.lastUpdate.year)
-    month = property(lambda self: self.lastUpdate.month)
-    day = property(lambda self: self.lastUpdate.day)
-
-    def ignoreErrors(self, value):
-        """Update `ignoreErrors` flag on self and all fields"""
-        self._ignore_errors = value = bool(value)
-        for _field in self.fields:
-            _field.ignoreErrors = value
-    ignoreErrors = property(
-        lambda self: self._ignore_errors,
-        ignoreErrors,
-        doc="""Error processing mode for DBF field value conversion
-
-        if set, failing field value conversion will return
-        ``INVALID_VALUE`` instead of raising conversion error.
-
-        """)
-
-    ## object representation
-
-    def __repr__(self):
-        _rv = """\
-Version (signature): 0x%02x
-        Last update: %s
-      Header length: %d
-      Record length: %d
-       Record count: %d
- FieldName Type Len Dec
-""" % (self.signature, self.lastUpdate, self.headerLength,
-    self.recordLength, self.recordCount)
-        _rv += "\n".join(
-            ["%10s %4s %3s %3s" % _fld.fieldInfo() for _fld in self.fields]
-        )
-        return _rv
-
-    ## internal methods
-
-    def _addField(self, *defs):
-        """Internal variant of the `addField` method.
-
-        This method doesn't set `self.changed` field to True.
-
-        Return value is a length of the appended records.
-        Note: this method doesn't modify ``recordLength`` and
-        ``headerLength`` fields. Use `addField` instead of this
-        method if you don't exactly know what you're doing.
-
-        """
-        # insure we have dbf.DbfFieldDef instances first (instantiation
-        # from the tuple could raise an error, in such a case I don't
-        # wanna add any of the definitions -- all will be ignored)
-        _defs = []
-        _recordLength = 0
-        for _def in defs:
-            if isinstance(_def, fields.DbfFieldDef):
-                _obj = _def
-            else:
-                (_name, _type, _len, _dec) = (tuple(_def) + (None,) * 4)[:4]
-                _cls = fields.lookupFor(_type)
-                _obj = _cls(_name, _len, _dec,
-                    ignoreErrors=self._ignore_errors)
-            _recordLength += _obj.length
-            _defs.append(_obj)
-        # and now extend field definitions and
-        # update record length
-        self.fields += _defs
-        return _recordLength
-
-    ## interface methods
-
-    def addField(self, *defs):
-        """Add field definition to the header.
-
-        Examples:
-            dbfh.addField(
-                ("name", "C", 20),
-                dbf.DbfCharacterFieldDef("surname", 20),
-                dbf.DbfDateFieldDef("birthdate"),
-                ("member", "L"),
-            )
-            dbfh.addField(("price", "N", 5, 2))
-            dbfh.addField(dbf.DbfNumericFieldDef("origprice", 5, 2))
-
-        """
-        _oldLen = self.recordLength
-        self.recordLength += self._addField(*defs)
-        if not _oldLen:
-            self.recordLength += 1
-            # XXX: may be just use:
-            # self.recordeLength += self._addField(*defs) + bool(not _oldLen)
-        # recalculate headerLength
-        self.headerLength = 32 + (32 * len(self.fields)) + 1
-        self.changed = True
-
-    def write(self, stream):
-        """Encode and write header to the stream."""
-        stream.seek(0)
-        stream.write(self.toString())
-        fields = [_fld.toString() for _fld in self.fields]
-        stream.write(''.join(fields).encode(sys.getfilesystemencoding()))
-        stream.write(b'\x0D')   # cr at end of all header data
-        self.changed = False
-
-    def toString(self):
-        """Returned 32 chars length string with encoded header."""
-        return struct.pack("<4BI2H",
-            self.signature,
-            self.year - 1900,
-            self.month,
-            self.day,
-            self.recordCount,
-            self.headerLength,
-            self.recordLength) + (b'\x00' * 20)
-        #TODO: figure out if bytes(utf-8) is correct here.
-
-    def setCurrentDate(self):
-        """Update ``self.lastUpdate`` field with current date value."""
-        self.lastUpdate = datetime.date.today()
-
-    def __getitem__(self, item):
-        """Return a field definition by numeric index or name string"""
-        if isinstance(item, str):
-            _name = item.upper()
-            for _field in self.fields:
-                if _field.name == _name:
-                    return _field
-            else:
-                raise KeyError(item)
-        else:
-            # item must be field index
-            return self.fields[item]
-
-# vim: et sts=4 sw=4 :

src/tablib/packages/dbfpy3/record.py

@@ -1,266 +0,0 @@
-"""DBF record definition.
-
-"""
-"""History (most recent first):
-11-feb-2007 [als]   __repr__: added special case for invalid field values
-10-feb-2007 [als]   added .rawFromStream()
-30-oct-2006 [als]   fix record length in .fromStream()
-04-jul-2006 [als]   added export declaration
-20-dec-2005 [yc]    DbfRecord.write() -> DbfRecord._write();
-                    added delete() method.
-16-dec-2005 [yc]    record definition moved from `dbf`.
-"""
-
-__version__ = "$Revision: 1.7 $"[11:-2]
-__date__ = "$Date: 2007/02/11 09:05:49 $"[7:-2]
-
-__all__ = ["DbfRecord"]
-
-import sys
-
-from . import utils
-
-class DbfRecord(object):
-    """DBF record.
-
-    Instances of this class shouldn't be created manualy,
-    use `dbf.Dbf.newRecord` instead.
-
-    Class implements mapping/sequence interface, so
-    fields could be accessed via their names or indexes
-    (names is a preffered way to access fields).
-
-    Hint:
-        Use `store` method to save modified record.
-
-    Examples:
-        Add new record to the database:
-            db = Dbf(filename)
-            rec = db.newRecord()
-            rec["FIELD1"] = value1
-            rec["FIELD2"] = value2
-            rec.store()
-        Or the same, but modify existed
-        (second in this case) record:
-            db = Dbf(filename)
-            rec = db[2]
-            rec["FIELD1"] = value1
-            rec["FIELD2"] = value2
-            rec.store()
-
-    """
-
-    __slots__ = "dbf", "index", "deleted", "fieldData"
-
-    ## creation and initialization
-
-    def __init__(self, dbf, index=None, deleted=False, data=None):
-        """Instance initialiation.
-
-        Arguments:
-            dbf:
-                A `Dbf.Dbf` instance this record belonogs to.
-            index:
-                An integer record index or None. If this value is
-                None, record will be appended to the DBF.
-            deleted:
-                Boolean flag indicating whether this record
-                is a deleted record.
-            data:
-                A sequence or None. This is a data of the fields.
-                If this argument is None, default values will be used.
-
-        """
-        self.dbf = dbf
-        # XXX: I'm not sure ``index`` is necessary
-        self.index = index
-        self.deleted = deleted
-        if data is None:
-            self.fieldData = [_fd.defaultValue for _fd in dbf.header.fields]
-        else:
-            self.fieldData = list(data)
-
-    # XXX: validate self.index before calculating position?
-    position = property(lambda self: self.dbf.header.headerLength + \
-        self.index * self.dbf.header.recordLength)
-
-    def rawFromStream(cls, dbf, index):
-        """Return raw record contents read from the stream.
-
-        Arguments:
-            dbf:
-                A `Dbf.Dbf` instance containing the record.
-            index:
-                Index of the record in the records' container.
-                This argument can't be None in this call.
-
-        Return value is a string containing record data in DBF format.
-
-        """
-        # XXX: may be write smth assuming, that current stream
-        # position is the required one? it could save some
-        # time required to calculate where to seek in the file
-        dbf.stream.seek(dbf.header.headerLength +
-            index * dbf.header.recordLength)
-        return dbf.stream.read(dbf.header.recordLength)
-    rawFromStream = classmethod(rawFromStream)
-
-    def fromStream(cls, dbf, index):
-        """Return a record read from the stream.
-
-        Arguments:
-            dbf:
-                A `Dbf.Dbf` instance new record should belong to.
-            index:
-                Index of the record in the records' container.
-                This argument can't be None in this call.
-
-        Return value is an instance of the current class.
-
-        """
-        return cls.fromString(dbf, cls.rawFromStream(dbf, index), index)
-    fromStream = classmethod(fromStream)
-
-    def fromString(cls, dbf, string, index=None):
-        """Return record read from the string object.
-
-        Arguments:
-            dbf:
-                A `Dbf.Dbf` instance new record should belong to.
-            string:
-                A string new record should be created from.
-            index:
-                Index of the record in the container. If this
-                argument is None, record will be appended.
-
-        Return value is an instance of the current class.
-
-        """
-        return cls(dbf, index, string[0]=="*",
-            [_fd.decodeFromRecord(string) for _fd in dbf.header.fields])
-    fromString = classmethod(fromString)
-
-    ## object representation
-
-    def __repr__(self):
-        _template = "%%%ds: %%s (%%s)" % max([len(_fld)
-            for _fld in self.dbf.fieldNames])
-        _rv = []
-        for _fld in self.dbf.fieldNames:
-            _val = self[_fld]
-            if _val is utils.INVALID_VALUE:
-                _rv.append(_template %
-                    (_fld, "None", "value cannot be decoded"))
-            else:
-                _rv.append(_template % (_fld, _val, type(_val)))
-        return "\n".join(_rv)
-
-    ## protected methods
-
-    def _write(self):
-        """Write data to the dbf stream.
-
-        Note:
-            This isn't a public method, it's better to
-            use 'store' instead publically.
-            Be design ``_write`` method should be called
-            only from the `Dbf` instance.
-
-
-        """
-        self._validateIndex(False)
-        self.dbf.stream.seek(self.position)
-        self.dbf.stream.write(bytes(self.toString(),
-            sys.getfilesystemencoding()))
-        # FIXME: may be move this write somewhere else?
-        # why we should check this condition for each record?
-        if self.index == len(self.dbf):
-            # this is the last record,
-            # we should write SUB (ASCII 26)
-            self.dbf.stream.write(b"\x1A")
-
-    ## utility methods
-
-    def _validateIndex(self, allowUndefined=True, checkRange=False):
-        """Valid ``self.index`` value.
-
-        If ``allowUndefined`` argument is True functions does nothing
-        in case of ``self.index`` pointing to None object.
-
-        """
-        if self.index is None:
-            if not allowUndefined:
-                raise ValueError("Index is undefined")
-        elif self.index < 0:
-            raise ValueError("Index can't be negative (%s)" % self.index)
-        elif checkRange and self.index <= self.dbf.header.recordCount:
-            raise ValueError("There are only %d records in the DBF" %
-                self.dbf.header.recordCount)
-
-    ## interface methods
-
-    def store(self):
-        """Store current record in the DBF.
-
-        If ``self.index`` is None, this record will be appended to the
-        records of the DBF this records belongs to; or replaced otherwise.
-
-        """
-        self._validateIndex()
-        if self.index is None:
-            self.index = len(self.dbf)
-            self.dbf.append(self)
-        else:
-            self.dbf[self.index] = self
-
-    def delete(self):
-        """Mark method as deleted."""
-        self.deleted = True
-
-    def toString(self):
-        """Return string packed record values."""
-#        for (_def, _dat) in zip(self.dbf.header.fields, self.fieldData):
-#
-
-        return "".join([" *"[self.deleted]] + [
-           _def.encodeValue(_dat)
-            for (_def, _dat) in zip(self.dbf.header.fields, self.fieldData)
-        ])
-
-    def asList(self):
-        """Return a flat list of fields.
-
-        Note:
-            Change of the list's values won't change
-            real values stored in this object.
-
-        """
-        return self.fieldData[:]
-
-    def asDict(self):
-        """Return a dictionary of fields.
-
-        Note:
-            Change of the dicts's values won't change
-            real values stored in this object.
-
-        """
-        return dict([_i for _i in zip(self.dbf.fieldNames, self.fieldData)])
-
-    def __getitem__(self, key):
-        """Return value by field name or field index."""
-        if isinstance(key, int):
-            # integer index of the field
-            return self.fieldData[key]
-        # assuming string field name
-        return self.fieldData[self.dbf.indexOfFieldName(key)]
-
-    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
-        """Set field value by integer index of the field or string name."""
-        if isinstance(key, int):
-            # integer index of the field
-            return self.fieldData[key]
-        # assuming string field name
-        self.fieldData[self.dbf.indexOfFieldName(key)] = value
-
-# vim: et sts=4 sw=4 :

src/tablib/packages/dbfpy3/utils.py

@@ -1,170 +0,0 @@
-"""String utilities.
-
-TODO:
-  - allow strings in getDateTime routine;
-"""
-"""History (most recent first):
-11-feb-2007 [als]   added INVALID_VALUE
-10-feb-2007 [als]   allow date strings padded with spaces instead of zeroes
-20-dec-2005 [yc]    handle long objects in getDate/getDateTime
-16-dec-2005 [yc]    created from ``strutil`` module.
-"""
-
-__version__ = "$Revision: 1.4 $"[11:-2]
-__date__ = "$Date: 2007/02/11 08:57:17 $"[7:-2]
-
-import datetime
-import time
-
-
-def unzfill(str):
-    """Return a string without ASCII NULs.
-
-    This function searchers for the first NUL (ASCII 0) occurance
-    and truncates string till that position.
-
-    """
-    try:
-        return str[:str.index(b'\0')]
-    except ValueError:
-        return str
-
-
-def getDate(date=None):
-    """Return `datetime.date` instance.
-
-    Type of the ``date`` argument could be one of the following:
-        None:
-            use current date value;
-        datetime.date:
-            this value will be returned;
-        datetime.datetime:
-            the result of the date.date() will be returned;
-        string:
-            assuming "%Y%m%d" or "%y%m%dd" format;
-        number:
-            assuming it's a timestamp (returned for example
-            by the time.time() call;
-        sequence:
-            assuming (year, month, day, ...) sequence;
-
-    Additionaly, if ``date`` has callable ``ticks`` attribute,
-    it will be used and result of the called would be treated
-    as a timestamp value.
-
-    """
-    if date is None:
-        # use current value
-        return datetime.date.today()
-    if isinstance(date, datetime.date):
-        return date
-    if isinstance(date, datetime.datetime):
-        return date.date()
-    if isinstance(date, (int, float)):
-        # date is a timestamp
-        return datetime.date.fromtimestamp(date)
-    if isinstance(date, str):
-        date = date.replace(" ", "0")
-        if len(date) == 6:
-            # yymmdd
-            return datetime.date(*time.strptime(date, "%y%m%d")[:3])
-        # yyyymmdd
-        return datetime.date(*time.strptime(date, "%Y%m%d")[:3])
-    if hasattr(date, "__getitem__"):
-        # a sequence (assuming date/time tuple)
-        return datetime.date(*date[:3])
-    return datetime.date.fromtimestamp(date.ticks())
-
-
-def getDateTime(value=None):
-    """Return `datetime.datetime` instance.
-
-    Type of the ``value`` argument could be one of the following:
-        None:
-            use current date value;
-        datetime.date:
-            result will be converted to the `datetime.datetime` instance
-            using midnight;
-        datetime.datetime:
-            ``value`` will be returned as is;
-        string:
-            *** CURRENTLY NOT SUPPORTED ***;
-        number:
-            assuming it's a timestamp (returned for example
-            by the time.time() call;
-        sequence:
-            assuming (year, month, day, ...) sequence;
-
-    Additionaly, if ``value`` has callable ``ticks`` attribute,
-    it will be used and result of the called would be treated
-    as a timestamp value.
-
-    """
-    if value is None:
-        # use current value
-        return datetime.datetime.today()
-    if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
-        return value
-    if isinstance(value, datetime.date):
-        return datetime.datetime.fromordinal(value.toordinal())
-    if isinstance(value, (int, float)):
-        # value is a timestamp
-        return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(value)
-    if isinstance(value, str):
-        raise NotImplementedError("Strings aren't currently implemented")
-    if hasattr(value, "__getitem__"):
-        # a sequence (assuming date/time tuple)
-        return datetime.datetime(*tuple(value)[:6])
-    return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(value.ticks())
-
-
-class classproperty(property):
-    """Works in the same way as a ``property``, but for the classes."""
-
-    def __get__(self, obj, cls):
-        return self.fget(cls)
-
-
-class _InvalidValue(object):
-
-    """Value returned from DBF records when field validation fails
-
-    The value is not equal to anything except for itself
-    and equal to all empty values: None, 0, empty string etc.
-    In other words, invalid value is equal to None and not equal
-    to None at the same time.
-
-    This value yields zero upon explicit conversion to a number type,
-    empty string for string types, and False for boolean.
-
-    """
-
-    def __eq__(self, other):
-        return not other
-
-    def __ne__(self, other):
-        return not (other is self)
-
-    def __bool__(self):
-        return False
-
-    def __int__(self):
-        return 0
-    __long__ = __int__
-
-    def __float__(self):
-        return 0.0
-
-    def __str__(self):
-        return ""
-
-    def __unicode__(self):
-        return ""
-
-    def __repr__(self):
-        return "<INVALID>"
-
-# invalid value is a constant singleton
-INVALID_VALUE = _InvalidValue()
-
-# vim: set et sts=4 sw=4 :

src/tablib/packages/statistics.py

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import division
-
-
-def median(data):
-    """
-    Return the median (middle value) of numeric data, using the common
-    "mean of middle two" method. If data is empty, ValueError is raised.
-
-    Mimics the behaviour of Python3's statistics.median
-
-    >>> median([1, 3, 5])
-    3
-    >>> median([1, 3, 5, 7])
-    4.0
-
-    """
-    data = sorted(data)
-    n = len(data)
-    if not n:
-        raise ValueError("No median for empty data")
-    i = n // 2
-    if n % 2:
-        return data[i]
-    return (data[i - 1] + data[i]) / 2

src/tablib/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from io import BytesIO, StringIO
+
+
+def normalize_input(stream):
+    """
+    Accept either a str/bytes stream or a file-like object and always return a
+    file-like object.
+    """
+    if isinstance(stream, str):
+        return StringIO(stream)
+    elif isinstance(stream, bytes):
+        return BytesIO(stream)
+    return stream

tests/requirements.txt

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 pytest
 pytest-cov
-backports.csv; python_version < '3.0'
 MarkupPy
 odfpy
-openpyxl>=2.4.0
+openpyxl>=2.6.0
 pandas
 pyyaml
+tabulate
 xlrd
 xlwt

tests/test_tablib.py

@@ -1,20 +1,22 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """Tests for Tablib."""
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import datetime
 import doctest
 import json
-import sys
+import pickle
 import unittest
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from io import BytesIO, StringIO
+from pathlib import Path
 from uuid import uuid4
 
 from MarkupPy import markup
+
 import tablib
-from tablib.compat import unicode, is_py3
 from tablib.core import Row, detect_format
-from tablib.formats import _csv as csv_module
+from tablib.exceptions import UnsupportedFormat
+from tablib.formats import registry
 
 
 class BaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -50,6 +52,16 @@ class TablibTestCase(BaseTestCase):
                 continue
             dataset.export(format_)
 
+    def test_unknown_format(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(UnsupportedFormat):
+            data.export('??')
+        # A known format but uninstalled
+        del registry._formats['ods']
+        msg = (r"The 'ods' format is not available. You may want to install the "
+               "odfpy package \\(or `pip install \"tablib\\[ods\\]\"`\\).")
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(UnsupportedFormat, msg):
+            data.export('ods')
+
     def test_empty_append(self):
         """Verify append() correctly adds tuple with no headers."""
         new_row = (1, 2, 3)
@@ -158,7 +170,8 @@ class TablibTestCase(BaseTestCase):
     def test_add_callable_column(self):
         """Verify adding column with values specified as callable."""
 
-        new_col = lambda x: x[0]
+        def new_col(x):
+            return x[0]
 
         self.founders.append_col(new_col, header='first_again')
 
@@ -206,7 +219,7 @@ class TablibTestCase(BaseTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(self.founders[2:], [self.tom])
 
     def test_row_slicing(self):
-        """Verify Row's __getslice__ method. Issue #184."""
+        """Verify Row slicing. Issue #184."""
 
         john = Row(self.john)
 
@@ -251,10 +264,7 @@ class TablibTestCase(BaseTestCase):
     def test_unicode_append(self):
         """Passes in a single unicode character and exports."""
 
-        if is_py3:
+        new_row = ('å', 'é')
-            new_row = ('å', 'é')
-        else:
-            exec ("new_row = (u'å', u'é')")
 
         data.append(new_row)
         self._test_export_data_in_all_formats(data)
@@ -286,6 +296,27 @@ class TablibTestCase(BaseTestCase):
         unsupported = ['csv', 'tsv', 'jira', 'latex', 'df']
         self._test_export_data_in_all_formats(book, exclude=unsupported)
 
+    def test_book_unsupported_loading(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(UnsupportedFormat):
+            tablib.Databook().load('Any stream', 'csv')
+
+    def test_book_unsupported_export(self):
+        book = tablib.Databook().load('[{"title": "first", "data": [{"first_name": "John"}]}]', 'json')
+        with self.assertRaises(UnsupportedFormat):
+            book.export('csv')
+
+    def test_book_import_from_file(self):
+        xlsx_source = Path(__file__).parent / 'files' / 'founders.xlsx'
+        with open(str(xlsx_source), mode='rb') as fh:
+            book = tablib.Databook().load(fh, 'xlsx')
+        self.assertEqual(eval(book.json)[0]['title'], 'Feuille1')
+
+    def test_dataset_import_from_file(self):
+        xlsx_source = Path(__file__).parent / 'files' / 'founders.xlsx'
+        with open(str(xlsx_source), mode='rb') as fh:
+            dset = tablib.Dataset().load(fh, 'xlsx')
+        self.assertEqual(eval(dset.json)[0]['last_name'], 'Adams')
+
     def test_auto_format_detect(self):
         """Test auto format detection."""
         # html, jira, latex, rst are export only.
@@ -314,7 +345,9 @@ class TablibTestCase(BaseTestCase):
         _tsv = '1\t2\t3\n4\t5\t6\n7\t8\t9\n'
         self.assertEqual(tablib.detect_format(_tsv), 'tsv')
 
-        _bunk = '¡¡¡¡¡¡---///\n\n\n¡¡£™∞¢£§∞§¶•¶ª∞¶•ªº••ª–º§•†•§º¶•†¥ª–º•§ƒø¥¨©πƒø†ˆ¥ç©¨√øˆ¥≈†ƒ¥ç©ø¨çˆ¥ƒçø¶'
+        _bunk = StringIO(
+            '¡¡¡¡¡¡---///\n\n\n¡¡£™∞¢£§∞§¶•¶ª∞¶•ªº••ª–º§•†•§º¶•†¥ª–º•§ƒø¥¨©πƒø†ˆ¥ç©¨√øˆ¥≈†ƒ¥ç©ø¨çˆ¥ƒçø¶'
+        )
         self.assertEqual(tablib.detect_format(_bunk), None)
 
     def test_transpose(self):
@@ -458,10 +491,15 @@ class TablibTestCase(BaseTestCase):
         # add another entry to test right field width for
         # integer
         self.founders.append(('Old', 'Man', 100500))
-        self.assertEqual('first_name|last_name |gpa   ', unicode(self.founders).split('\n')[0])
+        self.assertEqual('first_name|last_name |gpa   ', str(self.founders).split('\n')[0])
+
+    def test_pickle_unpickle_dataset(self):
+        before_pickle = self.founders.export('json')
+        founders = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(self.founders))
+        self.assertEqual(founders.export('json'), before_pickle)
 
     def test_databook_add_sheet_accepts_only_dataset_instances(self):
-        class NotDataset(object):
+        class NotDataset:
             def append(self, item):
                 pass
 
@@ -493,16 +531,74 @@ class TablibTestCase(BaseTestCase):
         self.founders.append(('First\nSecond', 'Name', 42))
         self.founders.export('xlsx')
 
-    def test_rst_force_grid(self):
+    def test_row_repr(self):
-        data.append(self.john)
+        """Row repr."""
-        data.append(self.george)
+        # Arrange
-        data.headers = self.headers
+        john = Row(self.john)
 
-        simple = tablib.formats._rst.export_set(data)
+        # Act
-        grid = tablib.formats._rst.export_set(data, force_grid=True)
+        output = str(john)
-        self.assertNotEqual(simple, grid)
+
-        self.assertNotIn('+', simple)
+        # Assert
-        self.assertIn('+', grid)
+        self.assertEqual(output, "['John', 'Adams', 90]")
+
+    def test_row_pickle_unpickle(self):
+        """Row __setstate__ and __getstate__."""
+        # Arrange
+        before_pickle = Row(self.john)
+
+        # Act
+        output = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(before_pickle))
+
+        # Assert
+        self.assertEqual(output[0], before_pickle[0])
+        self.assertEqual(output[1], before_pickle[1])
+        self.assertEqual(output[2], before_pickle[2])
+
+    def test_row_lpush(self):
+        """Row lpush."""
+        john = Row(self.john)
+        john.lpush(53)
+        self.assertEqual(john.list, [53, 'John', 'Adams', 90])
+
+    def test_row_append(self):
+        """Row append."""
+        john = Row(self.john)
+        john.append('stuff')
+        self.assertEqual(john.list, ['John', 'Adams', 90, 'stuff'])
+
+    def test_row_contains(self):
+        """Row __contains__."""
+        # Arrange
+        john = Row(self.john)
+
+        # Act / Assert
+        self.assertIn("John", john)
+
+    def test_row_no_tag(self):
+        """Row has_tag."""
+        # Arrange
+        john = Row(self.john)
+
+        # Act / Assert
+        self.assertFalse(john.has_tag("not found"))
+        self.assertFalse(john.has_tag(None))
+
+    def test_row_has_tag(self):
+        """Row has_tag."""
+        # Arrange
+        john = Row(self.john, tags=["tag1"])
+
+        # Act / Assert
+        self.assertTrue(john.has_tag("tag1"))
+
+    def test_row_has_tags(self):
+        """Row has_tag."""
+        # Arrange
+        john = Row(self.john, tags=["tag1", "tag2"])
+
+        # Act / Assert
+        self.assertTrue(john.has_tag(["tag2", "tag1"]))
 
 
 class HTMLTests(BaseTestCase):
@@ -539,27 +635,82 @@ class HTMLTests(BaseTestCase):
         html.table.close()
         html = str(html)
 
-        headers = ['foo', None, 'bar'];
+        headers = ['foo', None, 'bar']
         d = tablib.Dataset(['foo', None, 'bar'], headers=headers)
 
         self.assertEqual(html, d.html)
 
 
+class RSTTests(BaseTestCase):
+    def test_rst_force_grid(self):
+        data = tablib.Dataset()
+        data.append(self.john)
+        data.append(self.george)
+        data.headers = self.headers
+
+        fmt = registry.get_format('rst')
+        simple = fmt.export_set(data)
+        grid = fmt.export_set(data, force_grid=True)
+        self.assertNotEqual(simple, grid)
+        self.assertNotIn('+', simple)
+        self.assertIn('+', grid)
+
+    def test_empty_string(self):
+        data = tablib.Dataset()
+        data.headers = self.headers
+        data.append(self.john)
+        data.append(('Wendy', '', 43))
+        data.append(('Esther', ' ', 31))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            data.export('rst'),
+            '==========  =========  ===\n'
+            'first_name  last_name  gpa\n'
+            '==========  =========  ===\n'
+            'John        Adams      90 \n'
+            'Wendy                  43 \n'
+            'Esther                 31 \n'
+            '==========  =========  ==='
+        )
+
+    def test_rst_export_set(self):
+        # Arrange
+        data = tablib.Dataset()
+        data.append(self.john)
+        data.headers = self.headers
+        fmt = registry.get_format("rst")
+
+        # Act
+        out1 = fmt.export_set(data)
+        out2 = fmt.export_set_as_simple_table(data)
+
+        # Assert
+        self.assertEqual(out1, out2)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            out1,
+            "==========  =========  ===\n"
+            "first_name  last_name  gpa\n"
+            "==========  =========  ===\n"
+            "John        Adams      90 \n"
+            "==========  =========  ===",
+        )
+
+
 class CSVTests(BaseTestCase):
     def test_csv_format_detect(self):
         """Test CSV format detection."""
 
-        _csv = (
+        _csv = StringIO(
             '1,2,3\n'
             '4,5,6\n'
             '7,8,9\n'
         )
-        _bunk = (
+        _bunk = StringIO(
             '¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£™∞¢£§∞§¶•¶ª∞¶•ªº••ª–º§•†•§º¶•†¥ª–º•§ƒø¥¨©πƒø†ˆ¥ç©¨√øˆ¥≈†ƒ¥ç©ø¨çˆ¥ƒçø¶'
         )
 
-        self.assertTrue(tablib.formats.csv.detect(_csv))
+        fmt = registry.get_format('csv')
-        self.assertFalse(tablib.formats.csv.detect(_bunk))
+        self.assertTrue(fmt.detect(_csv))
+        self.assertFalse(fmt.detect(_bunk))
 
     def test_csv_import_set(self):
         """Generate and import CSV set serialization."""
@@ -625,6 +776,16 @@ class CSVTests(BaseTestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(_csv, data.csv)
 
+    def test_csv_import_set_commas_embedded(self):
+        """Comma-separated CSV can include commas inside quoted string."""
+        csv_text = (
+            'id,name,description,count\r\n'
+            '12,Smith,"Red, rounded",4\r\n'
+        )
+        data.csv = csv_text
+        self.assertEqual(data[0][2], 'Red, rounded')
+        self.assertEqual(data.csv, csv_text)
+
     def test_csv_import_set_with_unicode_str(self):
         """Import CSV set with non-ascii characters in unicode literal"""
         csv_text = (
@@ -634,6 +795,25 @@ class CSVTests(BaseTestCase):
         data.csv = csv_text
         self.assertEqual(data.width, 7)
 
+    def test_csv_import_set_ragged(self):
+        """Import CSV set when not all rows have the same length."""
+        csv_text = (
+            "H1,H2,H3\n"
+            "A,B\n"
+            "C,D,E\n"
+            "\n"
+            "F\n"
+        )
+        dataset = tablib.import_set(csv_text, format="csv")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            str(dataset),
+            'H1|H2|H3\n'
+            '--|--|--\n'
+            'A |B |  \n'
+            'C |D |E \n'
+            'F |  |  '
+        )
+
     def test_csv_export(self):
         """Verify exporting dataset object as CSV."""
 
@@ -651,6 +831,12 @@ class CSVTests(BaseTestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(csv, self.founders.csv)
 
+    def test_csv_export_options(self):
+        """Exporting support csv.writer() parameters."""
+        data.append(('1. a', '2. b', '3. c'))
+        result = data.export('csv', delimiter=' ', quotechar='|')
+        self.assertEqual(result, '|1. a| |2. b| |3. c|\r\n')
+
     def test_csv_stream_export(self):
         """Verify exporting dataset object as CSV from file object."""
 
@@ -666,7 +852,8 @@ class CSVTests(BaseTestCase):
                 csv += str(col) + ','
             csv = csv.strip(',') + '\r\n'
 
-        csv_stream = csv_module.export_stream_set(self.founders)
+        frm = registry.get_format('csv')
+        csv_stream = frm.export_stream_set(self.founders)
         self.assertEqual(csv, csv_stream.getvalue())
 
     def test_unicode_csv(self):
@@ -674,10 +861,7 @@ class CSVTests(BaseTestCase):
 
         data = tablib.Dataset()
 
-        if sys.version_info[0] > 2:
+        data.append(['\xfc', '\xfd'])
-            data.append(['\xfc', '\xfd'])
-        else:
-            exec ("data.append([u'\xfc', u'\xfd'])")
 
         data.csv
 
@@ -688,7 +872,7 @@ class CSVTests(BaseTestCase):
         data.csv = self.founders.csv
 
         headers = data.headers
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(headers[0], unicode))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(headers[0], str))
 
         orig_first_name = self.founders[self.headers[0]]
         csv_first_name = data[headers[0]]
@@ -701,7 +885,7 @@ class CSVTests(BaseTestCase):
         data.csv = self.founders.csv
 
         target_header = data.headers[0]
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(target_header, unicode))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(target_header, str))
 
         del data[target_header]
 
@@ -757,17 +941,18 @@ class TSVTests(BaseTestCase):
     def test_tsv_format_detect(self):
         """Test TSV format detection."""
 
-        _tsv = (
+        _tsv = StringIO(
             '1\t2\t3\n'
             '4\t5\t6\n'
             '7\t8\t9\n'
         )
-        _bunk = (
+        _bunk = StringIO(
             '¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£™∞¢£§∞§¶•¶ª∞¶•ªº••ª–º§•†•§º¶•†¥ª–º•§ƒø¥¨©πƒø†ˆ¥ç©¨√øˆ¥≈†ƒ¥ç©ø¨çˆ¥ƒçø¶'
         )
 
-        self.assertTrue(tablib.formats.tsv.detect(_tsv))
+        fmt = registry.get_format('tsv')
-        self.assertFalse(tablib.formats.tsv.detect(_bunk))
+        self.assertTrue(fmt.detect(_tsv))
+        self.assertFalse(fmt.detect(_bunk))
 
     def test_tsv_export(self):
         """Verify exporting dataset object as TSV."""
@@ -787,17 +972,40 @@ class TSVTests(BaseTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(tsv, self.founders.tsv)
 
 
+class XLSTests(BaseTestCase):
+    def test_xls_format_detect(self):
+        """Test the XLS format detection."""
+        in_stream = self.founders.xls
+        self.assertEqual(detect_format(in_stream), 'xls')
+
+    def test_xls_date_import(self):
+        xls_source = Path(__file__).parent / 'files' / 'dates.xls'
+        with open(str(xls_source), mode='rb') as fh:
+            dset = tablib.Dataset().load(fh, 'xls')
+        self.assertEqual(dset.dict[0]['birth_date'], datetime.datetime(2015, 4, 12, 0, 0))
+
+    def test_xls_import_with_errors(self):
+        """Errors from imported files are kept as errors."""
+        xls_source = Path(__file__).parent / 'files' / 'errors.xls'
+        with xls_source.open('rb') as fh:
+            data = tablib.Dataset().load(fh.read())
+        self.assertEqual(
+            data.dict[0],
+            OrderedDict([
+                ('div by 0', '#DIV/0!'),
+                ('name unknown', '#NAME?'),
+                ('not available (formula)', '#N/A'),
+                ('not available (static)', '#N/A')
+            ])
+        )
+
+
 class XLSXTests(BaseTestCase):
     def test_xlsx_format_detect(self):
         """Test the XLSX format detection."""
         in_stream = self.founders.xlsx
         self.assertEqual(detect_format(in_stream), 'xlsx')
 
-    def test_xls_format_detect(self):
-        """Test the XLS format detection."""
-        in_stream = self.founders.xls
-        self.assertEqual(detect_format(in_stream), 'xls')
-
     def test_xlsx_import_set(self):
         date_time = datetime.datetime(2019, 10, 4, 12, 30, 8)
         data.append(('string', '004', 42, 21.55, date_time))
@@ -810,6 +1018,13 @@ class XLSXTests(BaseTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(data.dict[0]['float'], 21.55)
         self.assertEqual(data.dict[0]['date/time'], date_time)
 
+    def test_xlsx_import_set_ragged(self):
+        """Import XLSX file when not all rows have the same length."""
+        xlsx_source = Path(__file__).parent / 'files' / 'ragged.xlsx'
+        with open(str(xlsx_source), mode='rb') as fh:
+            book = tablib.Databook().load(fh, 'xlsx')
+        self.assertEqual(book.sheets()[0].pop(), (1.0, ''))
+
     def test_xlsx_wrong_char(self):
         """Bad characters are not silently ignored. We let the exception bubble up."""
         from openpyxl.utils.exceptions import IllegalCharacterError
@@ -818,18 +1033,33 @@ class XLSXTests(BaseTestCase):
             data.append(('string', b'\x0cf'))
             data.xlsx
 
+    def test_xlsx_cell_values(self):
+        """Test cell values are read and not formulas"""
+        xls_source = Path(__file__).parent / 'files' / 'xlsx_cell_values.xlsx'
+        with xls_source.open('rb') as fh:
+            data = tablib.Dataset().load(fh)
+        self.assertEqual(data.headers[0], 'Hello World')
+
+    def test_xlsx_bad_dimensions(self):
+        """Test loading file with bad dimension.  Must be done with
+        read_only=False."""
+        xls_source = Path(__file__).parent / 'files' / 'bad_dimensions.xlsx'
+        with xls_source.open('rb') as fh:
+            data = tablib.Dataset().load(fh, read_only=False)
+        self.assertEqual(data.height, 3)
 
 class JSONTests(BaseTestCase):
     def test_json_format_detect(self):
         """Test JSON format detection."""
 
-        _json = '[{"last_name": "Adams","age": 90,"first_name": "John"}]'
+        _json = StringIO('[{"last_name": "Adams","age": 90,"first_name": "John"}]')
-        _bunk = (
+        _bunk = StringIO(
             '¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£™∞¢£§∞§¶•¶ª∞¶•ªº••ª–º§•†•§º¶•†¥ª–º•§ƒø¥¨©πƒø†ˆ¥ç©¨√øˆ¥≈†ƒ¥ç©ø¨çˆ¥ƒçø¶'
         )
 
-        self.assertTrue(tablib.formats.json.detect(_json))
+        fmt = registry.get_format('json')
-        self.assertFalse(tablib.formats.json.detect(_bunk))
+        self.assertTrue(fmt.detect(_json))
+        self.assertFalse(fmt.detect(_bunk))
 
     def test_json_import_book(self):
         """Generate and import JSON book serialization."""
@@ -883,12 +1113,14 @@ class YAMLTests(BaseTestCase):
         _yaml = '- {age: 90, first_name: John, last_name: Adams}'
         _tsv = 'foo\tbar'
         _bunk = (
-            '¡¡¡¡¡¡---///\n\n\n¡¡£™∞¢£§∞§¶•¶ª∞¶•ªº••ª–º§•†•§º¶•†¥ª–º•§ƒø¥¨©πƒø†ˆ¥ç©¨√øˆ¥≈†ƒ¥ç©ø¨çˆ¥ƒçø¶'
+            '¡¡¡¡¡¡---///\n\n\n¡¡£™∞¢£§∞§¶•¶ª∞¶•ªº••ª–º§•†•§º¶•†¥ª–º•§ƒø¥¨©πƒø†'
+            'ˆ¥ç©¨√øˆ¥≈†ƒ¥ç©ø¨çˆ¥ƒçø¶'
         )
 
-        self.assertTrue(tablib.formats.yaml.detect(_yaml))
+        fmt = registry.get_format('yaml')
-        self.assertFalse(tablib.formats.yaml.detect(_bunk))
+        self.assertTrue(fmt.detect(_yaml))
-        self.assertFalse(tablib.formats.yaml.detect(_tsv))
+        self.assertFalse(fmt.detect(_bunk))
+        self.assertFalse(fmt.detect(_tsv))
 
     def test_yaml_import_book(self):
         """Generate and import YAML book serialization."""
@@ -918,6 +1150,17 @@ class YAMLTests(BaseTestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(_yaml, data.yaml)
 
+    def test_yaml_export(self):
+        """YAML export"""
+
+        expected = """\
+- {first_name: John, gpa: 90, last_name: Adams}
+- {first_name: George, gpa: 67, last_name: Washington}
+- {first_name: Thomas, gpa: 50, last_name: Jefferson}
+"""
+        output = self.founders.yaml
+        self.assertEqual(output, expected)
+
 
 class LatexTests(BaseTestCase):
     def test_latex_export(self):
@@ -994,7 +1237,7 @@ class DBFTests(BaseTestCase):
             for reg_char, data_char in zip(_dbf, data.dbf):
                 so_far += chr(data_char)
                 if reg_char != data_char and index not in [1, 2, 3]:
-                    raise AssertionError('Failing at char %s: %s vs %s %s' % (
+                    raise AssertionError('Failing at char {}: {} vs {} {}'.format(
                         index, reg_char, data_char, so_far))
                 index += 1
 
@@ -1024,11 +1267,9 @@ class DBFTests(BaseTestCase):
         _regression_dbf += b' 50.0000000'
         _regression_dbf += b'\x1a'
 
-        if is_py3:
+        # If in python3, decode regression string to binary.
-            # If in python3, decode regression string to binary.
+        # _regression_dbf = bytes(_regression_dbf, 'utf-8')
-            # _regression_dbf = bytes(_regression_dbf, 'utf-8')
+        # _regression_dbf = _regression_dbf.replace(b'\n', b'\r')
-            # _regression_dbf = _regression_dbf.replace(b'\n', b'\r')
-            pass
 
         try:
             self.assertEqual(_regression_dbf, data.dbf)
@@ -1039,7 +1280,7 @@ class DBFTests(BaseTestCase):
                 # found_so_far += chr(data_char)
                 if reg_char != data_char and index not in [1, 2, 3]:
                     raise AssertionError(
-                        'Failing at char %s: %s vs %s (found %s)' % (
+                        'Failing at char {}: {} vs {} (found {})'.format(
                             index, reg_char, data_char, found_so_far))
                 index += 1
 
@@ -1063,6 +1304,7 @@ class DBFTests(BaseTestCase):
         _dbf += b' Jefferson' + (b' ' * 70)
         _dbf += b' 50.0000000'
         _dbf += b'\x1a'
+        _dbf = BytesIO(_dbf)
 
         _yaml = '- {age: 90, first_name: John, last_name: Adams}'
         _tsv = 'foo\tbar'
@@ -1072,12 +1314,13 @@ class DBFTests(BaseTestCase):
         _bunk = (
             '¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£™∞¢£§∞§¶•¶ª∞¶•ªº••ª–º§•†•§º¶•†¥ª–º•§ƒø¥¨©πƒø†ˆ¥ç©¨√øˆ¥≈†ƒ¥ç©ø¨çˆ¥ƒçø¶'
         )
-        self.assertTrue(tablib.formats.dbf.detect(_dbf))
+        fmt = registry.get_format('dbf')
-        self.assertFalse(tablib.formats.dbf.detect(_yaml))
+        self.assertTrue(fmt.detect(_dbf))
-        self.assertFalse(tablib.formats.dbf.detect(_tsv))
+        self.assertFalse(fmt.detect(_yaml))
-        self.assertFalse(tablib.formats.dbf.detect(_csv))
+        self.assertFalse(fmt.detect(_tsv))
-        self.assertFalse(tablib.formats.dbf.detect(_json))
+        self.assertFalse(fmt.detect(_csv))
-        self.assertFalse(tablib.formats.dbf.detect(_bunk))
+        self.assertFalse(fmt.detect(_json))
+        self.assertFalse(fmt.detect(_bunk))
 
 
 class JiraTests(BaseTestCase):
@@ -1101,5 +1344,26 @@ class JiraTests(BaseTestCase):
 class DocTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_rst_formatter_doctests(self):
+        import tablib.formats._rst
         results = doctest.testmod(tablib.formats._rst)
         self.assertEqual(results.failed, 0)
+
+
+class CliTests(BaseTestCase):
+    def test_cli_export_github(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            '|---|---|---|\n| a | b | c |',
+            tablib.Dataset(['a', 'b', 'c']).export('cli', tablefmt='github')
+        )
+
+    def test_cli_export_simple(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            '-  -  -\na  b  c\n-  -  -',
+            tablib.Dataset(['a', 'b', 'c']).export('cli', tablefmt='simple')
+        )
+
+    def test_cli_export_grid(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            '+---+---+---+\n| a | b | c |\n+---+---+---+',
+            tablib.Dataset(['a', 'b', 'c']).export('cli', tablefmt='grid')
+        )

tests/test_tablib_dbfpy_packages_fields.py

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+"""Tests for tablib.packages.dbfpy."""
+
+import unittest
+
+from tablib.packages.dbfpy import fields
+
+
+class DbfFieldDefTestCompareCase(unittest.TestCase):
+    """dbfpy.fields.DbfFieldDef comparison test cases, via child classes."""
+
+    def setUp(self) -> None:
+        self.length = 10
+        self.a = fields.DbfCharacterFieldDef("abc", self.length)
+        self.z = fields.DbfCharacterFieldDef("xyz", self.length)
+        self.a2 = fields.DbfCharacterFieldDef("abc", self.length)
+
+    def test_compare__eq__(self):
+        # Act / Assert
+        self.assertEqual(self.a, self.a2)
+
+    def test_compare__ne__(self):
+        # Act / Assert
+        self.assertNotEqual(self.a, self.z)
+
+    def test_compare__lt__(self):
+        # Act / Assert
+        self.assertLess(self.a, self.z)
+
+    def test_compare__le__(self):
+        # Act / Assert
+        self.assertLessEqual(self.a, self.a2)
+        self.assertLessEqual(self.a, self.z)
+
+    def test_compare__gt__(self):
+        # Act / Assert
+        self.assertGreater(self.z, self.a)
+
+    def test_compare__ge__(self):
+        # Act / Assert
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(self.a2, self.a)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(self.z, self.a)

tests/test_tablib_dbfpy_packages_utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+"""Tests for tablib.packages.dbfpy."""
+
+import datetime
+import unittest
+
+from tablib.packages.dbfpy import utils
+
+
+class UtilsUnzfillTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+    """dbfpy.utils.unzfill test cases."""
+
+    def test_unzfill_with_nul(self):
+        # Arrange
+        text = b"abc\0xyz"
+
+        # Act
+        output = utils.unzfill(text)
+
+        # Assert
+        self.assertEqual(output, b"abc")
+
+    def test_unzfill_without_nul(self):
+        # Arrange
+        text = b"abcxyz"
+
+        # Act
+        output = utils.unzfill(text)
+
+        # Assert
+        self.assertEqual(output, b"abcxyz")
+
+
+class UtilsGetDateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+    """dbfpy.utils.getDate test cases."""
+
+    def test_getDate_none(self):
+        # Arrange
+        value = None
+
+        # Act
+        output = utils.getDate(value)
+
+        # Assert
+        self.assertIsInstance(output, datetime.date)
+
+    def test_getDate_datetime_date(self):
+        # Arrange
+        value = datetime.date(2019, 10, 19)
+
+        # Act
+        output = utils.getDate(value)
+
+        # Assert
+        self.assertIsInstance(output, datetime.date)
+        self.assertEqual(output, value)
+
+    def test_getDate_datetime_datetime(self):
+        # Arrange
+        value = datetime.datetime(2019, 10, 19, 12, 00, 00)
+
+        # Act
+        output = utils.getDate(value)
+
+        # Assert
+        self.assertIsInstance(output, datetime.date)
+        self.assertEqual(output, value)
+
+    def test_getDate_datetime_timestamp(self):
+        # Arrange
+        value = 1571515306
+
+        # Act
+        output = utils.getDate(value)
+
+        # Assert
+        self.assertIsInstance(output, datetime.date)
+        self.assertEqual(output, datetime.date(2019, 10, 19))
+
+    def test_getDate_datetime_string_yyyy_mm_dd(self):
+        # Arrange
+        value = "20191019"
+
+        # Act
+        output = utils.getDate(value)
+
+        # Assert
+        self.assertIsInstance(output, datetime.date)
+        self.assertEqual(output, datetime.date(2019, 10, 19))
+
+    def test_getDate_datetime_string_yymmdd(self):
+        # Arrange
+        value = "191019"
+
+        # Act
+        output = utils.getDate(value)
+
+        # Assert
+        self.assertIsInstance(output, datetime.date)
+        self.assertEqual(output, datetime.date(2019, 10, 19))
+
+
+class UtilsGetDateTimeTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+    """dbfpy.utils.getDateTime test cases."""
+
+    def test_getDateTime_none(self):
+        # Arrange
+        value = None
+
+        # Act
+        output = utils.getDateTime(value)
+
+        # Assert
+        self.assertIsInstance(output, datetime.datetime)
+
+    def test_getDateTime_datetime_datetime(self):
+        # Arrange
+        value = datetime.datetime(2019, 10, 19, 12, 00, 00)
+
+        # Act
+        output = utils.getDateTime(value)
+
+        # Assert
+        self.assertIsInstance(output, datetime.date)
+        self.assertEqual(output, value)
+
+    def test_getDateTime_datetime_date(self):
+        # Arrange
+        value = datetime.date(2019, 10, 19)
+
+        # Act
+        output = utils.getDateTime(value)
+
+        # Assert
+        self.assertIsInstance(output, datetime.date)
+        self.assertEqual(output, datetime.datetime(2019, 10, 19, 00, 00))
+
+    def test_getDateTime_datetime_timestamp(self):
+        # Arrange
+        value = 1571515306
+
+        # Act
+        output = utils.getDateTime(value)
+
+        # Assert
+        self.assertIsInstance(output, datetime.datetime)
+
+    def test_getDateTime_datetime_string(self):
+        # Arrange
+        value = "20191019"
+
+        # Act / Assert
+        with self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError):
+            output = utils.getDateTime(value)
+
+
+class InvalidValueTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+    """dbfpy.utils._InvalidValue test cases."""
+
+    def test_sanity(self):
+        # Arrange
+        INVALID_VALUE = utils.INVALID_VALUE
+
+        # Act / Assert
+        self.assertEqual(INVALID_VALUE, INVALID_VALUE)
+        self.assertNotEqual(INVALID_VALUE, 123)
+        self.assertEqual(int(INVALID_VALUE), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(float(INVALID_VALUE), 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(str(INVALID_VALUE), "")
+        self.assertEqual(repr(INVALID_VALUE), "<INVALID>")

tox.ini

@@ -2,39 +2,38 @@
 usedevelop = true
 minversion = 2.4
 envlist =
-    py{27,35,36,37,38}-tests,
+    docs
-    py37-{docs,lint}
+    lint
+    py{36,37,38,39}
 
 [testenv]
-basepython =
-    py27: python2.7
-    py35: python3.5
-    py36: python3.6
-    py37: python3.7
-    py38: python3.8
 deps =
-    tests: -rtests/requirements.txt
+    -rtests/requirements.txt
-    docs: sphinx
 extras = pandas
+passenv =
+    FORCE_COLOR
 commands =
-    tests: pytest {posargs:tests}
+    pytest {posargs:tests}
-    docs: sphinx-build -b html -d {envtmpdir}/doctrees docs {envtmpdir}/html
 
-[testenv:py37-lint]
+[testenv:docs]
-basepython = python3.7
+deps =
+    sphinx
+commands =
+    sphinx-build -b html -d {envtmpdir}/doctrees docs {envtmpdir}/html
+
+[testenv:lint]
 deps =
     flake8
     # flake8-black
-    # flake8-isort
+    pre-commit
     twine
-    check-manifest
 commands =
     # flake8 src/tablib tests/
-    check-manifest -v
+    pre-commit run --all-files
     python setup.py sdist
     twine check dist/*
+skip_install = true
 
 [flake8]
 exclude =
     .tox
-ignore=E501,E127,E128,E124