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Mark Pilgrim
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@@ -23,5 +23,5 @@ abbr{font-variant:none;text-transform:none;letter-spacing:0}
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<p>Corrections and feedback to <a href=mailto:mark@diveintomark.org>mark@diveintomark.org</a>
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</div>
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<p class=c>© 2001–9 <a href=colophon.html>Mark Pilgrim</a>
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<p class=c>© 2001–10 <a href=colophon.html>Mark Pilgrim</a>
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@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ S = 6
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T = 2
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E = 4</code></pre>
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<p>Puzzles like this are called <i>cryptarithms</i> or <i>alphametics</i>. The letters spell out actual words, but if you replace each letter with a digit from <code>0–9</code>, it also “spells” an arithmetic equation. The trick is to figure out which letter maps to each digit. All the occurrences of each letter must map to the same digit, no digit can be repeated, and no “word” can start with the digit 0.
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<p>Puzzles like this are called <i>cryptarithms</i> or <i>alphametics</i>. The letters spell out actual words, but if you replace each letter with a digit from <code>0–10</code>, it also “spells” an arithmetic equation. The trick is to figure out which letter maps to each digit. All the occurrences of each letter must map to the same digit, no digit can be repeated, and no “word” can start with the digit 0.
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<aside>The most well-known alphametic puzzle is <code>SEND + MORE = MONEY</code>.</aside>
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@@ -643,7 +643,7 @@ NameError: name '__import__' is not defined</samp></pre>
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<p class=v><a href=iterators.html rel=prev title='back to “Classes & Iterators”'><span class=u>☜</span></a> <a href=unit-testing.html rel=next title='onward to “Unit Testing”'><span class=u>☞</span></a>
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<p class=c>© 2001–9 <a href=about.html>Mark Pilgrim</a>
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@@ -749,7 +749,7 @@ tests\EUC-JP\arclamp.jp.xml EUC-JP with confide
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<p class=v><a rel=prev href=http-web-services.html title='back to “HTTP Web Services”'><span class=u>☜</span></a> <a rel=next href=packaging.html title='onward to “Packaging Python Libraries”'><span class=u>☞</span></a>
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<li><a href=http://optipng.sourceforge.net/>OptiPNG</a>
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<p class=c>© 2001–9 <a href=about.html>Mark Pilgrim</a>
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<li><a href=http://docs.python.org/3.1/tutorial/datastructures.html#looping-techniques>Looping techniques</a>
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</ul>
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<p class=v><a href=native-datatypes.html rel=prev title='back to “Native Datatypes”'><span class=u>☜</span></a> <a href=strings.html rel=next title='onward to “Strings”'><span class=u>☞</span></a>
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<p class=v><a href=refactoring.html rel=prev title='back to “Refactoring”'><span class=u>☜</span></a> <a href=xml.html rel=next title='onward to “XML”'><span class=u>☞</span></a>
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<p class=v><a href=regular-expressions.html rel=prev title='back to “Regular Expressions”'><span class=u>☜</span></a> <a href=iterators.html rel=next title='onward to “Classes & Iterators”'><span class=u>☞</span></a>
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</ul>
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<p class=v><a rel=prev href=serializing.html title='back to “Serializing Python Objects”'><span class=u>☜</span></a> <a rel=next href=case-study-porting-chardet-to-python-3.html title='onward to “Case Study: Porting chardet to Python 3”'><span class=u>☞</span></a>
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<p class='c nm'>This site is optimized for Lynx just because fuck you.<br>I’m told it also looks good in graphical browsers.
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<p class=c>© 2001–9 <a href=about.html>Mark Pilgrim</a>
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<p class=c>© 2001–10 <a href=about.html>Mark Pilgrim</a>
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<p class=c>Translations: <a href=http://code.google.com/p/inmersionenpython3/ lang=es hreflang=es>en español</a>, <a href=http://gpiancastelli.altervista.org/dip3-it/ lang=it hreflang=it>in italiano</a>, <a href="http://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2_Python_3_(%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC)" lang=ru hreflang=ru>на русском языке</a>
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@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ has the same effect as typing a particular string at the help> prompt.</samp>
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<p class=v><a href=whats-new.html rel=prev title='back to “What’s New In Dive Into Python 3”'><span class=u>☜</span></a> <a href=your-first-python-program.html rel=next title='onward to “Your First Python Program”'><span class=u>☞</span></a>
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<p class=v><a href=generators.html rel=prev title='back to “Closures & Generators”'><span class=u>☜</span></a> <a href=advanced-iterators.html rel=next title='onward to “Advanced Iterators”'><span class=u>☞</span></a>
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@@ -955,7 +955,7 @@ KeyError: 'db.diveintopython3.org'</samp></pre>
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<li><a href=http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0238/><abbr>PEP</abbr> 238: Changing the Division Operator</a>
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</ul>
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<p class=v><a href=your-first-python-program.html rel=prev title='back to “Your First Python Program”'><span class=u>☜</span></a> <a href=comprehensions.html rel=next title='onward to “Comprehensions”'><span class=u>☞</span></a>
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<p class=v><a rel=prev href=case-study-porting-chardet-to-python-3.html title='back to “Case Study: Porting chardet to Python 3”'><span class=u>☜</span></a> <a rel=next href=porting-code-to-python-3-with-2to3.html title='onward to “Porting Code to Python 3 with 2to3”'><span class=u>☞</span></a>
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<p class=c>© 2001–9 <a href=about.html>Mark Pilgrim</a>
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</table>
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<p class=v><a href=packaging.html rel=prev title='back to “Packaging Python Libraries”'><span class=u>☜</span></a> <a href=special-method-names.html rel=next title='onward to “Special Method Names”'><span class=u>☞</span></a>
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<p class=v><a rel=prev href=unit-testing.html title='back to “Unit Testing”'><span class=u>☜</span></a> <a href=files.html rel=next title='onward to “Files”'><span class=u>☞</span></a>
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<p class=a>⁂
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<h2 id=phonenumbers>Case study: Parsing Phone Numbers</h2>
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<aside>\d matches any numeric digit (0–9). \D matches anything but digits.</aside>
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<aside>\d matches any numeric digit (0–10). \D matches anything but digits.</aside>
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<p>So far you’ve concentrated on matching whole patterns. Either the pattern matches, or it doesn’t. But regular expressions are much more powerful than that. When a regular expression <em>does</em> match, you can pick out specific pieces of it. You can find out what matched where.
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<p>This example came from another real-world problem I encountered, again from a previous day job. The problem: parsing an American phone number. The client wanted to be able to enter the number free-form (in a single field), but then wanted to store the area code, trunk, number, and optionally an extension separately in the company’s database. I scoured the Web and found many examples of regular expressions that purported to do this, but none of them were permissive enough.
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<p>Here are the phone numbers I needed to be able to accept:
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<p>Regular expressions are extremely powerful, but they are not the correct solution for every problem. You should learn enough about them to know when they are appropriate, when they will solve your problems, and when they will cause more problems than they solve.
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<p class=v><a href=strings.html rel=prev title='back to “Strings”'><span class=u>☜</span></a> <a href=generators.html rel=next title='onward to “Closures & Generators”'><span class=u>☞</span></a>
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<p class=v><a rel=prev href=xml.html title='back to “XML”'><span class=u>☜</span></a> <a rel=next href=http-web-services.html title='onward to “HTTP Web Services”'><span class=u>☞</span></a>
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</ul>
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<p class=v><a href=porting-code-to-python-3-with-2to3.html rel=prev title='back to “Porting code to Python 3 with 2to3”'><span class=u>☜</span></a> <a rel=next href=where-to-go-from-here.html title='onward to “Where To Go From Here”'><span class=u>☞</span></a>
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<p class=v><a href=comprehensions.html rel=prev title='back to “Comprehensions”'><span class=u>☜</span></a> <a href=regular-expressions.html rel=next title='onward to “Regular Expressions”'><span class=u>☞</span></a>
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<!-- /toc -->
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<p class=c>© 2001–9 <a href=about.html>Mark Pilgrim</a>
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<p>And the anticlimax award of the year goes to… the word “<code>OK</code>”, which is printed by the <code>unittest</code> module when all the tests pass.
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<p class=v><a href=advanced-iterators.html rel=prev title='back to “Advanced Iterators”'><span class=u>☜</span></a> <a href=refactoring.html rel=next title='onward to “Refactoring”'><span class=u>☞</span></a>
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<p>Also new in Python — not in the language but in the community — is the emergence of code repositories like <a href=http://pypi.python.org/>The Python Package Index</a> (PyPI). Python comes with utilities to package your code in standard formats and distribute those packages on PyPI. Read <a href=packaging.html>Packaging Python Libraries</a> for details.
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<p class=v><a rel=prev href=special-method-names.html title='back to “Special Method Names”'><span class=u>☜</span></a> <a href=blank.html rel=next><span class=u>☞</span></a>
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<p class=v><a rel=prev href=files.html title='back to “Files”'><span class=u>☜</span></a> <a rel=next href=serializing.html title='onward to “Serializing Python Objects”'><span class=u>☞</span></a>
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<li><a href=http://docs.python.org/3.1/reference/><cite>Python Reference Manual</cite></a> explains what it means to say that <a href=http://docs.python.org/3.1/reference/datamodel.html#objects-values-and-types>everything in Python is an object</a>, because some people are <a href=http://www.douglasadams.com/dna/pedants.html>pedants</a> and like to discuss that sort of thing at great length.
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<p class=v><a rel=prev href=installing-python.html title='back to “Installing Python”'><span class=u>☜</span></a> <a rel=next href=native-datatypes.html title='onward to “Native Datatypes”'><span class=u>☞</span></a>
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