Support Fretboard objects in to_tab() — v0.42.1

to_tab(tuning=Fretboard.guitar()) now works, along with bass,
ukulele, mandolin, banjo, and any custom Fretboard with capo.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

.gitignore

@@ -7,3 +7,4 @@ t2.py
 __pycache__
 pytheory.egg-info
 docs/_build
+.claude/worktrees/

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -2,6 +2,134 @@
 
 All notable changes to PyTheory are documented here.
 
+## 0.42.1
+
+- **Fretboard tuning support** — `to_tab()` now accepts `Fretboard` objects as
+  the `tuning` parameter. Works with `Fretboard.guitar()`, `Fretboard.bass()`,
+  `Fretboard.ukulele()`, `Fretboard.mandolin()`, `Fretboard.banjo()`, and any
+  custom Fretboard with capo.
+
+## 0.42.0
+
+- **LilyPond export** — `Score.to_lilypond()` generates complete LilyPond source
+  files with multi-staff scores, key/time signatures, tempo markings, and
+  automatic bass clef detection. Output can be compiled to publication-quality
+  PDFs with LilyPond.
+- **MusicXML export** — `Score.to_musicxml()` generates MusicXML 4.0 documents
+  that can be opened in MuseScore, Sibelius, Finale, and any notation software.
+  Includes proper ties, chords, clef detection, and tempo/time signature metadata.
+- **Guitar/bass tablature** — `Part.to_tab()` and `Score.to_tab()` generate ASCII
+  tablature. Supports guitar (6-string), bass (4-string), drop D, and custom
+  tunings. Automatically maps notes to the best string/fret positions.
+
+## 0.41.4
+
+- **Fix** — `to_abc()` now ties long notes across barlines instead of emitting
+  oversized durations that abcjs can't render (e.g. 16-beat notes become four
+  tied whole notes).
+
+## 0.41.3
+
+- **Fix** — `to_abc()` now skips parts with only drum tones or rests (no pitched
+  notes), fixing "pitch is undefined" errors in abcjs. Chords are correctly
+  recognized as pitched content.
+
+## 0.41.2
+
+- **Auto bass clef** — `to_abc()` detects low-register parts (808, bass, timpani)
+  and assigns `clef=bass` automatically based on average note octave.
+
+## 0.41.1
+
+- **Fix** — `to_abc()` no longer crashes on parts containing drum tones.
+
+## 0.41.0
+
+- **ABC notation export** — `Score.to_abc()` converts scores to ABC notation
+  strings. Supports multi-voice scores (via `V:` directives), chords, rests,
+  accidentals, and all standard durations. Pass `html=True` to get a
+  self-contained HTML page that renders sheet music in the browser via abcjs.
+
+## 0.40.9
+
+- **Mellotron synth** — tape-replay keyboard with wow/flutter, tape saturation,
+  bandwidth limiting, hiss, and 8-second tape fadeout. Three tape banks via the
+  `tape` parameter: `"strings"` (default), `"flute"`, and `"choir"`.
+- **Analog oscillator synths** — four new waveform generators for fat, alive,
+  analog-style sounds:
+  - `Synth.HARD_SYNC` — slave oscillator hard-synced to a master (Prophet-5
+    leads). `slave_ratio` parameter controls harmonic content.
+  - `Synth.RING_MOD` — two oscillators multiplied for metallic, bell-like
+    inharmonic tones. `mod_ratio` parameter.
+  - `Synth.WAVEFOLD` — west coast wavefolding (Buchla-style). `folds` parameter
+    sweeps from warm to gnarly.
+  - `Synth.DRIFT` — analog VCO with pitch drift, jitter, and noise floor.
+    `shape` parameter (`"saw"`, `"square"`, `"triangle"`, `"pulse"`) and
+    `drift_amount` for instability level.
+- **Synth kwargs passthrough** — `play()`, `save()`, and `_render()` now accept
+  `**synth_kw` for forwarding parameters to synth wave functions (e.g.
+  `play(tone, synth=Synth.MELLOTRON, tape="choir")`).
+- **14 new instrument presets** — `mellotron`, `mellotron_strings`,
+  `mellotron_flute`, `mellotron_choir`, `sync_lead`, `sync_lead_bright`,
+  `ring_mod_bell`, `ring_mod_metallic`, `wavefold_warm`, `wavefold_gnarly`,
+  `drift_saw`, `drift_square`, `analog_pad`, `analog_bass`.
+- **808 bass envelope fix** — changed from `pluck` (zero sustain, wrong for 808)
+  to `piano` (sharp attack with long decay tail).
+
+## 0.40.8
+
+- **Fix hold() inflating duration** — `Note.beats` was returning the full
+  duration for held notes (`_hold=True`), causing `Part.total_beats` and
+  `Score.duration_ms` to overcount. A part with `hold(Sa, WHOLE * 4)` followed
+  by `add(Pa, QUARTER)` would report 17 beats instead of 1. Now held notes
+  return 0 beats, matching the renderer which already skipped advancing the
+  timeline for held notes.
+
+## 0.40.7
+
+- **Expose missing Synth enum entries** — rhodes, wurlitzer, vibraphone,
+  pipe organ, and choir wave functions were already implemented but not
+  accessible via the Synth enum. Now available as `Synth.RHODES`,
+  `Synth.WURLITZER`, `Synth.VIBRAPHONE`, `Synth.PIPE_ORGAN`, `Synth.CHOIR`.
+
+## 0.40.6
+
+- **Saxophone presets cleaned up** — removed lowpass filters and vel_to_filter
+  from all sax instrument presets (saxophone, alto_sax, tenor_sax, bari_sax).
+  The saxophone wave function already shapes its own spectrum; the extra
+  filters were dulling the tone.
+
+## 0.40.5
+
+- **Saxophone synth overhaul** — reed nonlinearity (asymmetric soft clipping),
+  conical bore formant resonances, breath noise with attack envelope, separate
+  reed buzz, key click transient, and sub-harmonic warmth. Vibrato dialed back
+  to subtle, delayed onset.
+
+## 0.40.4
+
+- **Distortion overhaul** — multi-stage clipping (preamp → power amp →
+  asymmetric rectifier) replaces single-stage tanh. Crunch, distorted,
+  orange crunch, and metal guitar presets now sound properly driven.
+
+## 0.40.3
+
+- **Crotales synth** — tuned bronze discs with long ring and bright harmonics
+- **Tingsha synth** — paired Tibetan cymbals with beating from two detuned discs
+- **Rain stick** — cascading pebbles (steep and slow/shallow variants)
+- **Ocean drum** — steel beads rolling inside a frame drum, surf wash
+- **Cabasa** — metal bead chain on cylinder, bright metallic scrape
+- **Wind chimes** — multiple suspended metal tubes ringing at random offsets
+- **Finger cymbal** — single zill tap, bright metallic ping
+- `crotales`, `tingsha`, `singing_bowl`, `singing_bowl_ring` instrument presets
+- Audio demos in docs for all new sounds
+
+## 0.40.2
+
+- **Master compressor dialed back** — threshold raised from 0.5 to 0.7,
+  makeup gain capped at 3x. Sparse arrangements no longer get
+  over-amplified to clipping.
+
 ## 0.40.1
 
 - **Singing bowl synth** — two variants: strike (mallet hit with chirp

demo_new_synths.py

@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+"""Demo the 5 new synths: Mellotron, Hard Sync, Ring Mod, Wavefold, Drift.
+
+Each synth gets a short musical phrase — not just a scale run — with
+reverb and rhythmic variety to show off its character.
+"""
+from pytheory import Score, Duration, play_score
+
+EIGHTH = Duration.EIGHTH
+QUARTER = Duration.QUARTER
+HALF = Duration.HALF
+DOTTED_Q = Duration.DOTTED_QUARTER
+WHOLE = Duration.WHOLE
+
+
+# ── Mellotron Strings ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Strawberry Fields vibes — slow, haunted, with rests that breathe.
+
+print("=== MELLOTRON STRINGS ===")
+s = Score("4/4", bpm=72)
+p = s.part("tape", instrument="mellotron_strings",
+           reverb=0.45, reverb_type="cathedral", reverb_decay=2.0)
+p.add("G4", HALF).add("B4", QUARTER).add("D5", QUARTER)
+p.add("C5", DOTTED_Q).add("B4", EIGHTH).add("A4", HALF)
+p.rest(QUARTER)
+p.add("G4", DOTTED_Q).add("F#4", EIGHTH).add("G4", WHOLE)
+play_score(s)
+
+
+# ── Mellotron Flute ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Lonely, breathy, with space between phrases.
+
+print("\n=== MELLOTRON FLUTE ===")
+s = Score("3/4", bpm=84)
+p = s.part("flute", instrument="mellotron_flute",
+           reverb=0.5, reverb_type="taj_mahal", reverb_decay=2.5)
+p.add("E5", HALF).add("D5", QUARTER)
+p.add("C5", DOTTED_Q).add("B4", EIGHTH).rest(QUARTER)
+p.add("A4", HALF).add("G4", QUARTER)
+p.add("A4", HALF).rest(QUARTER)
+p.add("E5", QUARTER).add("D5", QUARTER).add("C5", QUARTER)
+p.add("B4", HALF + QUARTER)
+play_score(s)
+
+
+# ── Mellotron Choir ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Ghostly pad — slow chords, big reverb.
+
+print("\n=== MELLOTRON CHOIR ===")
+s = Score("4/4", bpm=60)
+p = s.part("choir", instrument="mellotron_choir",
+           reverb=0.6, reverb_type="cathedral", reverb_decay=3.0)
+p.add("C4", WHOLE)
+p.add("E4", HALF).add("G4", HALF)
+p.add("A4", DOTTED_Q).add("G4", EIGHTH).add("F4", HALF)
+p.add("E4", WHOLE)
+play_score(s)
+
+
+# ── Hard Sync Lead ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Aggressive, punchy — fast 16ths and syncopation.
+
+print("\n=== HARD SYNC LEAD ===")
+s = Score("4/4", bpm=128)
+p = s.part("sync", instrument="sync_lead",
+           reverb=0.25, reverb_type="plate")
+p.add("E4", EIGHTH).add("E4", EIGHTH).rest(EIGHTH).add("G4", EIGHTH)
+p.add("A4", QUARTER).add("G4", EIGHTH).add("E4", EIGHTH)
+p.add("D4", EIGHTH).rest(EIGHTH).add("E4", EIGHTH).add("G4", EIGHTH)
+p.add("A4", HALF)
+p.rest(QUARTER).add("B4", EIGHTH).add("A4", EIGHTH)
+p.add("G4", QUARTER).add("E4", QUARTER).add("D4", HALF)
+play_score(s)
+
+
+# ── Hard Sync Bright ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Higher slave ratio — more harmonics, screaming lead.
+
+print("\n=== HARD SYNC BRIGHT ===")
+s = Score("4/4", bpm=138)
+p = s.part("sync2", instrument="sync_lead_bright",
+           reverb=0.2, reverb_type="plate")
+p.add("A4", EIGHTH).add("C5", EIGHTH).add("D5", QUARTER)
+p.rest(EIGHTH).add("E5", EIGHTH).add("D5", EIGHTH).add("C5", EIGHTH)
+p.add("A4", QUARTER).rest(QUARTER).add("G4", EIGHTH).add("A4", EIGHTH)
+p.add("C5", HALF)
+play_score(s)
+
+
+# ── Ring Mod Bell ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Shimmery, metallic — sparse hits with long reverb tail.
+
+print("\n=== RING MOD BELL ===")
+s = Score("4/4", bpm=66)
+p = s.part("bell", instrument="ring_mod_bell",
+           reverb=0.6, reverb_type="cave", reverb_decay=3.0)
+p.add("C5", HALF).rest(QUARTER).add("G4", QUARTER)
+p.rest(HALF).add("E5", HALF)
+p.add("D5", QUARTER).rest(QUARTER).add("C5", HALF)
+p.rest(WHOLE)
+p.add("G4", QUARTER).add("A4", QUARTER).add("C5", HALF)
+play_score(s)
+
+
+# ── Ring Mod Metallic ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Alien, inharmonic — atonal stabs.
+
+print("\n=== RING MOD METALLIC ===")
+s = Score("4/4", bpm=100)
+p = s.part("metal", instrument="ring_mod_metallic",
+           reverb=0.4, reverb_type="parking_garage", reverb_decay=2.0)
+p.add("F4", EIGHTH).rest(EIGHTH).add("Ab4", EIGHTH).add("F4", EIGHTH)
+p.rest(QUARTER).add("Db5", QUARTER).rest(QUARTER)
+p.add("C5", EIGHTH).add("Ab4", EIGHTH).rest(QUARTER).add("F4", HALF)
+p.rest(HALF).add("Db5", QUARTER).add("C5", QUARTER)
+play_score(s)
+
+
+# ── Wavefold Warm ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Gentle folds — round and musical, like a filtered saw with overtones.
+
+print("\n=== WAVEFOLD WARM ===")
+s = Score("4/4", bpm=108)
+p = s.part("fold", instrument="wavefold_warm",
+           reverb=0.3, reverb_type="plate")
+p.add("A3", QUARTER).add("C4", QUARTER).add("E4", QUARTER).add("A4", QUARTER)
+p.add("G4", DOTTED_Q).add("E4", EIGHTH).add("C4", HALF)
+p.add("D4", QUARTER).add("F4", QUARTER).add("A4", HALF)
+p.add("G4", WHOLE)
+play_score(s)
+
+
+# ── Wavefold Gnarly ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Cranked folds — buzzy, aggressive, with syncopation.
+
+print("\n=== WAVEFOLD GNARLY ===")
+s = Score("4/4", bpm=130)
+p = s.part("gnarly", instrument="wavefold_gnarly",
+           reverb=0.2, reverb_type="spring")
+p.add("E3", EIGHTH).add("E3", EIGHTH).rest(EIGHTH).add("G3", EIGHTH)
+p.add("A3", EIGHTH).rest(EIGHTH).add("B3", EIGHTH).add("A3", EIGHTH)
+p.add("E3", QUARTER).add("G3", EIGHTH).add("A3", EIGHTH).add("B3", QUARTER)
+p.rest(QUARTER)
+p.add("E4", EIGHTH).add("D4", EIGHTH).add("B3", QUARTER).add("A3", HALF)
+play_score(s)
+
+
+# ── Drift Saw ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Warm, alive analog saw — the Minimoog pad.
+
+print("\n=== DRIFT SAW (vintage VCO) ===")
+s = Score("4/4", bpm=88)
+p = s.part("drift", instrument="drift_saw",
+           reverb=0.35, reverb_type="taj_mahal", reverb_decay=2.0)
+p.add("D4", HALF).add("F4", HALF)
+p.add("A4", DOTTED_Q).add("G4", EIGHTH).add("F4", QUARTER).rest(QUARTER)
+p.add("D4", QUARTER).add("E4", QUARTER).add("F4", HALF)
+p.add("D4", WHOLE)
+play_score(s)
+
+
+# ── Drift Square ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Hollow, wobbly — 8-bit with analog soul.
+
+print("\n=== DRIFT SQUARE ===")
+s = Score("4/4", bpm=110)
+p = s.part("dsq", instrument="drift_square",
+           reverb=0.25, reverb_type="plate")
+p.add("C4", EIGHTH).add("E4", EIGHTH).add("G4", QUARTER).add("E4", QUARTER)
+p.rest(QUARTER)
+p.add("A4", EIGHTH).add("G4", EIGHTH).add("E4", QUARTER).add("C4", HALF)
+p.add("D4", QUARTER).add("F4", EIGHTH).add("G4", EIGHTH).add("A4", HALF)
+p.add("G4", WHOLE)
+play_score(s)
+
+
+# ── Analog Pad ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Slow, drifting chords — Juno-style lushness.
+
+print("\n=== ANALOG PAD ===")
+s = Score("4/4", bpm=70)
+p = s.part("pad", instrument="analog_pad",
+           reverb=0.5, reverb_type="taj_mahal", reverb_decay=3.0)
+p.add("A3", WHOLE)
+p.add("C4", HALF).add("E4", HALF)
+p.add("F4", WHOLE)
+p.add("E4", HALF).add("D4", HALF)
+p.add("C4", WHOLE)
+play_score(s)
+
+
+# ── Analog Bass ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Tight, punchy — Moog bass with filter sweep.
+
+print("\n=== ANALOG BASS ===")
+s = Score("4/4", bpm=120)
+p = s.part("bass", instrument="analog_bass",
+           reverb=0.1, reverb_type="plate")
+p.add("E2", EIGHTH).add("E2", EIGHTH).rest(EIGHTH).add("G2", EIGHTH)
+p.add("A2", QUARTER).rest(QUARTER)
+p.add("E2", EIGHTH).rest(EIGHTH).add("B2", EIGHTH).add("A2", EIGHTH)
+p.add("G2", QUARTER).add("E2", QUARTER).rest(HALF)
+p.add("E2", EIGHTH).add("E2", EIGHTH).add("G2", EIGHTH).add("A2", EIGHTH)
+p.add("B2", QUARTER).add("A2", QUARTER).add("E2", HALF)
+play_score(s)
+
+
+print("\nDone!")

docs/generate_audio.py

@@ -850,6 +850,56 @@ def gen_synth_ukulele():
         p.strum(ch, Duration.WHOLE, velocity=72)
     render("synth_ukulele", score)
 
+def gen_synth_hard_sync():
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=120)
+    p = score.part("demo", instrument="sync_lead_bright", volume=0.5)
+    for n in ["C4", "E4", "G4", "C5", "G4", "E4", "C4", "E4"]:
+        p.add(n, Duration.QUARTER, velocity=90)
+    render("synth_hard_sync", score)
+
+
+def gen_synth_ring_mod():
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=90)
+    p = score.part("demo", instrument="ring_mod_bell", volume=0.5)
+    for n in ["C5", "E5", "G5", "C6", "G5", "E5", "C5", "E5"]:
+        p.add(n, Duration.QUARTER, velocity=80)
+    render("synth_ring_mod", score)
+
+
+def gen_synth_wavefold():
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=110)
+    p = score.part("demo", instrument="wavefold_warm", volume=0.5)
+    for n in ["C4", "E4", "G4", "C5", "G4", "E4", "C4", "E4"]:
+        p.add(n, Duration.QUARTER, velocity=85)
+    render("synth_wavefold", score)
+
+
+def gen_synth_drift():
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=90)
+    p = score.part("demo", instrument="drift_saw", volume=0.5, reverb=0.35,
+                   reverb_type="taj_mahal")
+    for n in ["C4", "E4", "G4", "C5", "G4", "E4", "C4", "E4"]:
+        p.add(n, Duration.HALF, velocity=75)
+    render("synth_drift", score)
+
+
+def gen_synth_karplus():
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=100)
+    p = score.part("demo", synth="pluck_synth", envelope="none",
+                   volume=0.5, reverb=0.2)
+    for n in ["C4", "E4", "G4", "C5", "G4", "E4", "C4", "E4"]:
+        p.add(n, Duration.QUARTER, velocity=85)
+    render("synth_karplus", score)
+
+
+def gen_synth_mellotron():
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=80)
+    p = score.part("demo", instrument="mellotron_flute", volume=0.5)
+    for n in ["C4", "E4", "G4", "C5"]:
+        p.add(n, Duration.WHOLE, velocity=75)
+    render("synth_mellotron", score)
+
+
 def gen_synth_granular():
     score = Score("4/4", bpm=80)
     p = score.part("demo", instrument="granular_pad", volume=0.5, reverb=0.4)
@@ -858,6 +908,68 @@ def gen_synth_granular():
     render("synth_granular", score)
 
 
+def gen_synth_crotales():
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=60)
+    p = score.part("demo", synth="crotales_synth", envelope="none",
+                   volume=0.5, reverb=0.3)
+    for n in ["C6", "E6", "G6", "C7", "G6", "E6", "C6"]:
+        p.add(n, Duration.HALF, velocity=80)
+    render("synth_crotales", score)
+
+
+def gen_synth_tingsha():
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=40)
+    p = score.part("demo", synth="tingsha_synth", envelope="none",
+                   volume=0.5, reverb=0.4)
+    for n in ["E5", "A5", "E6", "A5"]:
+        p.add(n, Duration.WHOLE, velocity=75)
+    render("synth_tingsha", score)
+
+
+def gen_rainstick():
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=60)
+    p = score.part("demo", synth="sine", volume=1.0)
+    p.hit(DrumSound.RAINSTICK, Duration.WHOLE * 3, velocity=90)
+    render("rainstick", score)
+
+
+def gen_rainstick_slow():
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=60)
+    p = score.part("demo", synth="sine", volume=1.0)
+    p.hit(DrumSound.RAINSTICK_SLOW, Duration.WHOLE * 4, velocity=85)
+    render("rainstick_slow", score)
+
+
+def gen_ocean_drum():
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=60)
+    p = score.part("demo", synth="sine", volume=1.0)
+    p.hit(DrumSound.OCEAN_DRUM, Duration.WHOLE * 3, velocity=85)
+    render("ocean_drum", score)
+
+
+def gen_cabasa():
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=100)
+    p = score.part("demo", synth="sine", volume=1.0)
+    for _ in range(16):
+        p.hit(DrumSound.CABASA, Duration.EIGHTH, velocity=100)
+    render("cabasa", score)
+
+
+def gen_wind_chimes():
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=60)
+    p = score.part("demo", synth="sine", volume=1.0)
+    p.hit(DrumSound.WIND_CHIMES, Duration.WHOLE * 3, velocity=85)
+    render("wind_chimes", score)
+
+
+def gen_finger_cymbal():
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=80)
+    p = score.part("demo", synth="sine", volume=1.0)
+    for _ in range(8):
+        p.hit(DrumSound.FINGER_CYMBAL, Duration.QUARTER, velocity=85)
+    render("finger_cymbal", score)
+
+
 def gen_synth_singing_bowl_strike():
     score = Score("4/4", bpm=40)
     p = score.part("demo", synth="singing_bowl_strike_synth", envelope="none",
@@ -1077,9 +1189,23 @@ GENERATORS = [
     gen_synth_banjo,
     gen_synth_mandolin,
     gen_synth_ukulele,
+    gen_synth_hard_sync,
+    gen_synth_ring_mod,
+    gen_synth_wavefold,
+    gen_synth_drift,
+    gen_synth_karplus,
+    gen_synth_mellotron,
     gen_synth_granular,
+    gen_synth_crotales,
+    gen_synth_tingsha,
     gen_synth_singing_bowl_strike,
     gen_synth_singing_bowl_ring,
+    gen_rainstick,
+    gen_rainstick_slow,
+    gen_ocean_drum,
+    gen_cabasa,
+    gen_wind_chimes,
+    gen_finger_cymbal,
     gen_arpeggio,
     gen_legato_glide,
     gen_acid_house,

docs/guide/playback.rst

@@ -3,19 +3,21 @@ Playback and Export
 
 This is the output layer. You've built your theory, composed your
 arrangement, shaped your sounds -- now you need to hear it. PyTheory
-gives you three ways to get your music out: speakers, WAV files, and
-MIDI files.
+gives you four ways to get your music out: speakers, WAV files, MIDI
+files, and sheet music.
 
 Use **speakers** for immediate feedback while you're sketching and
 experimenting. Use **WAV export** when you want to share actual audio
 -- post it, send it, drop it into a video. Use **MIDI export** when you
 want to bring your sketch into a real DAW and finish it with
-professional instruments, mixing, and mastering. Each output serves a
-different stage of the creative process.
+professional instruments, mixing, and mastering. Use **ABC notation
+export** when you want sheet music -- rendered in the browser or shared
+as plain text. Each output serves a different stage of the creative
+process.
 
-PyTheory can play audio through your speakers, save to WAV, or export
-to MIDI. Everything is synthesized from waveforms -- no samples or
-external audio files needed.
+PyTheory can play audio through your speakers, save to WAV, export to
+MIDI, or generate sheet music as ABC notation. Everything is synthesized
+from waveforms -- no samples or external audio files needed.
 
 .. note::
 
@@ -44,6 +46,22 @@ Optional parameters for synth, envelope, and temperament:
    play(Tone.from_string("C4"), synth=Synth.SAW, envelope=Envelope.PLUCK, t=1_000)
    play(Tone.from_string("C4"), temperament="pythagorean", t=1_000)
 
+Synth-specific parameters are passed through as keyword arguments:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   # Mellotron with flute tape
+   play(Tone.from_string("C4"), synth=Synth.MELLOTRON, tape="choir", t=2_000)
+
+   # Hard sync with custom slave ratio
+   play(Tone.from_string("C4"), synth=Synth.HARD_SYNC, slave_ratio=2.5)
+
+   # Wavefolding with 4 folds
+   play(Tone.from_string("C4"), synth=Synth.WAVEFOLD, folds=4.0)
+
+   # Drift oscillator with square shape
+   play(Tone.from_string("C4"), synth=Synth.DRIFT, shape="square")
+
 play_score() -- Full Arrangements
 ---------------------------------
 
@@ -155,6 +173,154 @@ Score-based export (with time signature, tempo, and parts):
        score.add(chord, Duration.WHOLE)
    score.save_midi("progression.mid")
 
+to_abc() -- ABC Notation / Sheet Music
+---------------------------------------
+
+ABC notation is a human-readable text format for music that tools can
+turn into staff notation and MIDI. It's widely used for folk tunes,
+lead sheets, and quick sketches. PyTheory can export any Score as ABC
+notation -- and optionally wrap it in an HTML page that renders
+sheet music right in the browser using `abcjs <https://www.abcjs.net/>`_.
+
+Basic export:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   from pytheory import Score, Duration, Key
+
+   score = Score("4/4", bpm=120)
+   lead = score.part("lead")
+   for chord in Key("C", "major").progression("I", "V", "vi", "IV"):
+       lead.add(chord, Duration.WHOLE)
+
+   print(score.to_abc(title="Pop Chords", key="C"))
+
+Output:
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+   X:1
+   T:Pop Chords
+   M:4/4
+   Q:1/4=120
+   L:1/8
+   K:C
+   [CEG]8 | [GBd]8 | [Ace]8 | [FAc]8 |
+
+Open sheet music in the browser with ``html=True``:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   html = score.to_abc(title="Pop Chords", key="C", html=True)
+
+   with open("chords.html", "w") as f:
+       f.write(html)
+
+   import webbrowser
+   webbrowser.open("chords.html")
+
+This generates a self-contained HTML page with an embedded
+``<script>`` tag that loads abcjs from a CDN and renders the notation
+as SVG -- no build steps, no dependencies, just open the file.
+
+Multi-part scores automatically get ``V:`` (voice) directives so each
+instrument appears on its own staff. Bass parts (average note below C4)
+get bass clef automatically. Drum-only parts are skipped. Notes longer
+than one measure are split into tied notes across barlines.
+
+Parameters:
+
+- **title** -- Tune title for the ``T:`` header (default ``"Untitled"``).
+- **key** -- ABC key signature string (default ``"C"``). Use ``"Am"`` for
+  A minor, ``"Bb"`` for B-flat major, ``"F#m"`` for F-sharp minor, etc.
+- **html** -- If ``True``, return a full HTML document instead of raw ABC
+  (default ``False``).
+
+to_lilypond() -- LilyPond Export
+---------------------------------
+
+`LilyPond <https://lilypond.org/>`_ is the gold standard for
+publication-quality music engraving. ``to_lilypond()`` generates
+complete LilyPond source files that you can compile to PDF:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   score = Score("4/4", bpm=120)
+   lead = score.part("lead")
+   for note in ["C4", "D4", "E4", "F4"]:
+       lead.add(note, Duration.QUARTER)
+
+   ly = score.to_lilypond(title="My Score", key="C", mode="major")
+
+   with open("score.ly", "w") as f:
+       f.write(ly)
+
+Then compile with ``lilypond score.ly`` to get a PDF. Multi-part scores
+get separate staves in a ``StaffGroup``, bass clef is auto-detected,
+and long notes are split with ties across barlines.
+
+Parameters:
+
+- **title** -- Title for the ``\header`` block (default ``"Untitled"``).
+- **key** -- Key signature root (default ``"C"``). Use note names like
+  ``"Bb"``, ``"F#"``, ``"Eb"``.
+- **mode** -- LilyPond mode string (default ``"major"``). Use ``"minor"``
+  for minor keys.
+
+to_musicxml() -- MusicXML Export
+---------------------------------
+
+MusicXML is the interchange format for notation software. Export your
+score and open it in MuseScore, Sibelius, Finale, Dorico, or any
+other notation app:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   xml = score.to_musicxml(title="My Score")
+
+   with open("score.musicxml", "w") as f:
+       f.write(xml)
+
+The output is a complete MusicXML 4.0 partwise document with proper
+time signatures, tempo markings, clef detection, tied notes across
+barlines, and chord notation. No external dependencies needed.
+
+to_tab() -- Guitar/Bass Tablature
+-----------------------------------
+
+Generate ASCII tablature from any Part or Score:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   lead = score.part("lead")
+   lead.add("E4", Duration.QUARTER)
+   lead.add("B3", Duration.QUARTER)
+   lead.add("G3", Duration.QUARTER)
+   lead.add("D3", Duration.QUARTER)
+
+   print(lead.to_tab())
+
+Output::
+
+   e|---0---------|
+   B|------0------|
+   G|---------0---|
+   D|------------0|
+   A|-------------|
+   E|-------------|
+
+Works on Score too -- it picks the first melodic part automatically:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   print(score.to_tab())                          # auto-pick part
+   print(score.to_tab(part_name="bass"))           # specific part
+   print(score.to_tab(tuning="bass"))              # 4-string bass tab
+   print(score.to_tab(tuning="drop_d"))            # drop D guitar
+
+Supports ``"guitar"`` (6-string standard), ``"bass"`` (4-string),
+``"drop_d"``, or a custom list of MIDI note numbers for any tuning.
+
 play_pattern() -- Drum Patterns
 -------------------------------
 

docs/guide/synths.rst

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 Synthesizers
 ============
 
-PyTheory includes 41 built-in waveforms and 10 ADSR envelope presets.
+PyTheory includes 56 built-in waveforms and 10 ADSR envelope presets.
 Every sound is generated from scratch -- no samples or external audio
 files needed.
 
@@ -249,6 +249,130 @@ produces a natural chorus/vibrato effect built into the waveform itself.
 
    <audio controls style="width:100%;margin:0.3em 0 0.5em"><source src="../_static/audio/synth_pwm_fast.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
 
+Analog Synthesis
+----------------
+
+These waveforms model the behavior of real analog hardware — the
+imperfections, interactions, and nonlinearities that make a room full
+of vintage synths sound so much more alive than a room full of VSTs.
+Each one is a different approach to the same question: how do you make
+a digital oscillator sound like it has a soul?
+
+Hard Sync
+~~~~~~~~~
+
+A "slave" oscillator is forced to restart its cycle every time a
+"master" oscillator completes one. The abrupt restart creates bright
+formant peaks that sweep as the slave ratio changes. This is THE sound
+of the Prophet-5, Moog Prodigy, and every screaming analog lead since
+1978.
+
+**Use for:** aggressive leads, formant sweeps, cutting solos.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   lead = score.part("lead", synth="hard_sync", envelope="pluck")
+
+   # Higher slave ratio = more harmonics, brighter
+   from pytheory import play, Synth, Tone
+   play(Tone.from_string("C4"), synth=Synth.HARD_SYNC, slave_ratio=2.5)
+
+.. raw:: html
+
+   <audio controls style="width:100%;margin:0.3em 0 0.5em"><source src="../_static/audio/synth_hard_sync.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
+
+Ring Modulation
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Two oscillators multiplied together, producing sum and difference
+frequencies. Unlike FM, ring mod outputs only sidebands — no carrier
+or modulator fundamental. The result is metallic, bell-like, and often
+inharmonic. Classic Dalek voice, Stockhausen, and every sci-fi
+soundtrack.
+
+**Use for:** metallic bells, alien textures, inharmonic percussion.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   bells = score.part("bells", instrument="ring_mod_bell",
+                      reverb=0.5, reverb_type="cave")
+
+   # Non-integer ratios = more inharmonic
+   play(Tone.from_string("C4"), synth=Synth.RING_MOD, mod_ratio=2.1)
+
+.. raw:: html
+
+   <audio controls style="width:100%;margin:0.3em 0 0.5em"><source src="../_static/audio/synth_ring_mod.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
+
+Wavefolding
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The heart of west coast synthesis (Buchla, Make Noise, Verbos). A sine
+wave is amplified past ±1.0, then "folded" — the overflow bounces back
+instead of clipping. Each fold adds new harmonic pairs. At low fold
+counts it's warm and round; crank it up and it gets buzzy, gnarly, and
+alive.
+
+This sounds completely different from subtractive synthesis — instead of
+*removing* harmonics with a filter, you're *generating* them by shaping
+the wave. Pairs beautifully with a lowpass filter after the fold.
+
+**Use for:** complex leads, evolving textures, west coast basslines.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   # Warm, musical folding
+   warm = score.part("fold", instrument="wavefold_warm")
+
+   # Cranked and aggressive
+   gnarly = score.part("gnarly", instrument="wavefold_gnarly")
+
+   # Direct control over fold amount
+   play(Tone.from_string("C4"), synth=Synth.WAVEFOLD, folds=3.0)
+
+.. raw:: html
+
+   <audio controls style="width:100%;margin:0.3em 0 0.5em"><source src="../_static/audio/synth_wavefold.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
+
+Drift Oscillator
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Real analog oscillators are never perfectly stable. Capacitor charging,
+thermal variations, and component tolerances make the pitch wander
+slightly. This is what makes a Minimoog sound "fat" and a VST sound
+"thin" — the constant micro-motion of imperfect hardware.
+
+The drift oscillator models slow pitch drift (< 1 Hz wander), fast
+jitter (per-cycle randomness), a soft analog noise floor, and slightly
+rounded waveform edges. It turns any basic shape into something that
+breathes.
+
+**Use for:** analog-style pads, warm basses, vintage leads, any voice
+that needs to feel "alive."
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   # Vintage Minimoog-style saw
+   pad = score.part("pad", instrument="drift_saw",
+                    reverb=0.35, reverb_type="taj_mahal")
+
+   # Hollow square with analog wobble
+   sq = score.part("sq", instrument="drift_square")
+
+   # Control the shape and instability directly
+   play(Tone.from_string("C4"), synth=Synth.DRIFT,
+        shape="triangle", drift_amount=0.25)
+
+.. raw:: html
+
+   <audio controls style="width:100%;margin:0.3em 0 0.5em"><source src="../_static/audio/synth_drift.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
+
+Drift amount controls how unstable the oscillator is:
+
+- **0.05** = studio-grade (Sequential, Oberheim)
+- **0.15** = classic vintage (Minimoog, ARP) — the default
+- **0.30** = barely-holding-it-together (old SH-101)
+
 ADSR Envelopes
 --------------
 
@@ -406,6 +530,10 @@ It sounds genuinely like a real guitar, harp, or koto.
    guitar = score.part("guitar", synth="pluck_synth")
    harp = score.part("harp", instrument="harp")  # uses pluck_synth
 
+.. raw:: html
+
+   <audio controls style="width:100%;margin:0.3em 0 0.5em"><source src="../_static/audio/synth_karplus.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
+
 Hammond Organ
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -440,11 +568,11 @@ Dedicated Instrument Synths
 --------------------------
 
 Beyond the classic and physical modeling waveforms, PyTheory includes
-31 dedicated instrument synths. Each one uses tailored synthesis
+36 dedicated instrument synths. Each one uses tailored synthesis
 techniques -- additive harmonics, formant shaping, body resonance
 modeling, and specialized envelopes -- to capture the character of a
 specific acoustic instrument. These are the waveforms that bring the
-total count to 41.
+total count to 56.
 
 Piano Synth
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -495,6 +623,42 @@ picked up by an electrostatic pickup. More nasal, reedy, and biting
 
    <audio controls style="width:100%;margin:0.3em 0 0.5em"><source src="../_static/audio/synth_wurlitzer.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
 
+Mellotron
+~~~~~~~~~
+
+The original "sampler" — a 1960s keyboard where each key triggers a
+strip of magnetic tape with a pre-recorded instrument. The mechanical
+tape transport gives it a haunted, lo-fi quality that no digital
+emulation fully captures: pitch wobbles from uneven capstan speed,
+bandwidth limited to 300 Hz–6 kHz (like a worn cassette), soft tape
+saturation, and tapes that physically run out after 8 seconds.
+
+The Mellotron defined the sound of *Strawberry Fields Forever*,
+*Stairway to Heaven*, and every prog rock record from 1969–1977.
+
+Three tape banks are available via the ``tape`` parameter:
+
+- ``"strings"`` (default) — the iconic MkII string section
+- ``"flute"`` — breathy, haunting solo flute
+- ``"choir"`` — ghostly vocal pad
+
+**Use for:** prog rock, haunted textures, vintage orchestral color.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   # Use instrument presets (includes reverb)
+   strings = score.part("strings", instrument="mellotron_strings")
+   flute = score.part("flute", instrument="mellotron_flute")
+   choir = score.part("choir", instrument="mellotron_choir")
+
+   # Or select the tape directly
+   from pytheory import play, Synth, Tone
+   play(Tone.from_string("C4"), synth=Synth.MELLOTRON, tape="flute", t=3000)
+
+.. raw:: html
+
+   <audio controls style="width:100%;margin:0.3em 0 0.5em"><source src="../_static/audio/synth_mellotron.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
+
 Vibraphone Synth
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -930,6 +1094,40 @@ Parameters (passed as synth kwargs):
 
    <audio controls style="width:100%;margin:0.3em 0 0.5em"><source src="../_static/audio/synth_granular.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
 
+Crotales
+~~~~~~~~
+
+Small tuned bronze discs (antique cymbals) struck with brass mallets.
+Bright, crystalline, bell-like tone with strong upper harmonics that
+rings for a long time. Nearly harmonic partials give crotales their
+penetrating brilliance — they cut through any orchestra.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   crotales = score.part("crotales", synth="crotales_synth", envelope="none",
+                         reverb=0.3)
+
+.. raw:: html
+
+   <audio controls style="width:100%;margin:0.3em 0 0.5em"><source src="../_static/audio/synth_crotales.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
+
+Tingsha
+~~~~~~~
+
+Two small Tibetan cymbals joined by a cord, clashed together. Both discs
+ring at slightly different frequencies, producing a bright ping with
+pronounced beating — the wavering interference between the two is the
+whole character of the sound.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   tingsha = score.part("tingsha", synth="tingsha_synth", envelope="none",
+                        reverb=0.4)
+
+.. raw:: html
+
+   <audio controls style="width:100%;margin:0.3em 0 0.5em"><source src="../_static/audio/synth_tingsha.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
+
 Singing Bowl (Strike)
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -963,6 +1161,76 @@ and out as the bowl resonates.
 
    <audio controls style="width:100%;margin:0.3em 0 0.5em"><source src="../_static/audio/synth_singing_bowl_ring.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
 
+Rain Stick
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Cascading pebbles through a cactus tube with internal pins. Two variants:
+steep angle (fast cascade) and shallow angle (slow trickle).
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   p.hit(DrumSound.RAINSTICK, Duration.WHOLE * 3)       # steep — fast cascade
+   p.hit(DrumSound.RAINSTICK_SLOW, Duration.WHOLE * 4)  # shallow — gentle trickle
+
+.. raw:: html
+
+   <audio controls style="width:100%;margin:0.3em 0 0.5em"><source src="../_static/audio/rainstick.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
+   <audio controls style="width:100%;margin:0.3em 0 0.5em"><source src="../_static/audio/rainstick_slow.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
+
+Ocean Drum
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Steel beads rolling inside a frame drum — tilting produces a smooth surf wash.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   p.hit(DrumSound.OCEAN_DRUM, Duration.WHOLE * 3)
+
+.. raw:: html
+
+   <audio controls style="width:100%;margin:0.3em 0 0.5em"><source src="../_static/audio/ocean_drum.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
+
+Cabasa
+~~~~~~
+
+Metal bead chain scraped against a textured cylinder — brighter and
+more metallic than a shaker.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   p.hit(DrumSound.CABASA, Duration.EIGHTH)
+
+.. raw:: html
+
+   <audio controls style="width:100%;margin:0.3em 0 0.5em"><source src="../_static/audio/cabasa.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
+
+Wind Chimes
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Suspended metal tubes struck by hand or breeze. Each tube rings at
+its own pitch with slight time offsets.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   p.hit(DrumSound.WIND_CHIMES, Duration.WHOLE * 3)
+
+.. raw:: html
+
+   <audio controls style="width:100%;margin:0.3em 0 0.5em"><source src="../_static/audio/wind_chimes.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
+
+Finger Cymbal
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Single small cymbal tap (zill) — bright metallic ping.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   p.hit(DrumSound.FINGER_CYMBAL, Duration.HALF)
+
+.. raw:: html
+
+   <audio controls style="width:100%;margin:0.3em 0 0.5em"><source src="../_static/audio/finger_cymbal.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
+
 Analog Oscillator Drift
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -1018,13 +1286,19 @@ distorted_guitar, orange_crunch, metal_guitar, bass_guitar, upright_bass,
 harp, sitar, koto, banjo, mandolin, mandola, ukulele
 
 **World/Exotic**: pedal_steel, theremin, kalimba, steel_drum, didgeridoo,
-bagpipe, singing_bowl, singing_bowl_ring
+bagpipe, singing_bowl, singing_bowl_ring, tingsha
 
 **Synth**: synth_lead, synth_pad, synth_bass, acid_bass, 808_bass,
 granular_pad, granular_texture, vocal, choir
 
+**Mellotron**: mellotron, mellotron_strings, mellotron_flute, mellotron_choir
+
+**Analog**: sync_lead, sync_lead_bright, ring_mod_bell, ring_mod_metallic,
+wavefold_warm, wavefold_gnarly, drift_saw, drift_square, analog_pad,
+analog_bass
+
 **Percussion**: vibraphone, marimba, xylophone, glockenspiel, tubular_bells,
-timpani
+timpani, crotales
 
 Explicit kwargs override preset defaults:
 
@@ -1065,3 +1339,11 @@ Some practical combos worth memorizing:
   long reverb and you're scoring a nature documentary.
 - ``saw`` + ``pluck`` = **funk stab.** Short, sharp, bright. The
   sound of Nile Rodgers' right hand.
+- ``hard_sync`` + ``pluck`` = **prophet lead.** Bright formant peak
+  that cuts through any mix. The opening riff of every 80s synth solo.
+- ``wavefold`` + ``organ`` = **west coast bass.** Warm, harmonically
+  rich sine-derivative that pairs beautifully with a lowpass after.
+- ``drift`` + ``pad`` = **analog pad.** A sawtooth that breathes and
+  wobbles like a real VCO. Add chorus and reverb for Juno vibes.
+- ``mellotron_synth`` + ``organ`` = **prog strings.** Haunted tape
+  machine. Add cathedral reverb and you're in 1972.