LilyPond, MusicXML, and tablature export — v0.42.0

Three new export methods on Score:
- to_lilypond() — complete LilyPond source files for PDF engraving
- to_musicxml() — MusicXML 4.0 for MuseScore/Sibelius/Finale
- to_tab() — ASCII guitar/bass tablature (also on Part)

All three handle multi-part scores, bass clef detection, tied notes
across barlines, chords, and drum tone filtering.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -2,6 +2,121 @@
 
 All notable changes to PyTheory are documented here.
 
+## 0.42.0
+
+- **LilyPond export** — `Score.to_lilypond()` generates complete LilyPond source
+  files with multi-staff scores, key/time signatures, tempo markings, and
+  automatic bass clef detection. Output can be compiled to publication-quality
+  PDFs with LilyPond.
+- **MusicXML export** — `Score.to_musicxml()` generates MusicXML 4.0 documents
+  that can be opened in MuseScore, Sibelius, Finale, and any notation software.
+  Includes proper ties, chords, clef detection, and tempo/time signature metadata.
+- **Guitar/bass tablature** — `Part.to_tab()` and `Score.to_tab()` generate ASCII
+  tablature. Supports guitar (6-string), bass (4-string), drop D, and custom
+  tunings. Automatically maps notes to the best string/fret positions.
+
+## 0.41.4
+
+- **Fix** — `to_abc()` now ties long notes across barlines instead of emitting
+  oversized durations that abcjs can't render (e.g. 16-beat notes become four
+  tied whole notes).
+
+## 0.41.3
+
+- **Fix** — `to_abc()` now skips parts with only drum tones or rests (no pitched
+  notes), fixing "pitch is undefined" errors in abcjs. Chords are correctly
+  recognized as pitched content.
+
+## 0.41.2
+
+- **Auto bass clef** — `to_abc()` detects low-register parts (808, bass, timpani)
+  and assigns `clef=bass` automatically based on average note octave.
+
+## 0.41.1
+
+- **Fix** — `to_abc()` no longer crashes on parts containing drum tones.
+
+## 0.41.0
+
+- **ABC notation export** — `Score.to_abc()` converts scores to ABC notation
+  strings. Supports multi-voice scores (via `V:` directives), chords, rests,
+  accidentals, and all standard durations. Pass `html=True` to get a
+  self-contained HTML page that renders sheet music in the browser via abcjs.
+
+## 0.40.9
+
+- **Mellotron synth** — tape-replay keyboard with wow/flutter, tape saturation,
+  bandwidth limiting, hiss, and 8-second tape fadeout. Three tape banks via the
+  `tape` parameter: `"strings"` (default), `"flute"`, and `"choir"`.
+- **Analog oscillator synths** — four new waveform generators for fat, alive,
+  analog-style sounds:
+  - `Synth.HARD_SYNC` — slave oscillator hard-synced to a master (Prophet-5
+    leads). `slave_ratio` parameter controls harmonic content.
+  - `Synth.RING_MOD` — two oscillators multiplied for metallic, bell-like
+    inharmonic tones. `mod_ratio` parameter.
+  - `Synth.WAVEFOLD` — west coast wavefolding (Buchla-style). `folds` parameter
+    sweeps from warm to gnarly.
+  - `Synth.DRIFT` — analog VCO with pitch drift, jitter, and noise floor.
+    `shape` parameter (`"saw"`, `"square"`, `"triangle"`, `"pulse"`) and
+    `drift_amount` for instability level.
+- **Synth kwargs passthrough** — `play()`, `save()`, and `_render()` now accept
+  `**synth_kw` for forwarding parameters to synth wave functions (e.g.
+  `play(tone, synth=Synth.MELLOTRON, tape="choir")`).
+- **14 new instrument presets** — `mellotron`, `mellotron_strings`,
+  `mellotron_flute`, `mellotron_choir`, `sync_lead`, `sync_lead_bright`,
+  `ring_mod_bell`, `ring_mod_metallic`, `wavefold_warm`, `wavefold_gnarly`,
+  `drift_saw`, `drift_square`, `analog_pad`, `analog_bass`.
+- **808 bass envelope fix** — changed from `pluck` (zero sustain, wrong for 808)
+  to `piano` (sharp attack with long decay tail).
+
+## 0.40.8
+
+- **Fix hold() inflating duration** — `Note.beats` was returning the full
+  duration for held notes (`_hold=True`), causing `Part.total_beats` and
+  `Score.duration_ms` to overcount. A part with `hold(Sa, WHOLE * 4)` followed
+  by `add(Pa, QUARTER)` would report 17 beats instead of 1. Now held notes
+  return 0 beats, matching the renderer which already skipped advancing the
+  timeline for held notes.
+
+## 0.40.7
+
+- **Expose missing Synth enum entries** — rhodes, wurlitzer, vibraphone,
+  pipe organ, and choir wave functions were already implemented but not
+  accessible via the Synth enum. Now available as `Synth.RHODES`,
+  `Synth.WURLITZER`, `Synth.VIBRAPHONE`, `Synth.PIPE_ORGAN`, `Synth.CHOIR`.
+
+## 0.40.6
+
+- **Saxophone presets cleaned up** — removed lowpass filters and vel_to_filter
+  from all sax instrument presets (saxophone, alto_sax, tenor_sax, bari_sax).
+  The saxophone wave function already shapes its own spectrum; the extra
+  filters were dulling the tone.
+
+## 0.40.5
+
+- **Saxophone synth overhaul** — reed nonlinearity (asymmetric soft clipping),
+  conical bore formant resonances, breath noise with attack envelope, separate
+  reed buzz, key click transient, and sub-harmonic warmth. Vibrato dialed back
+  to subtle, delayed onset.
+
+## 0.40.4
+
+- **Distortion overhaul** — multi-stage clipping (preamp → power amp →
+  asymmetric rectifier) replaces single-stage tanh. Crunch, distorted,
+  orange crunch, and metal guitar presets now sound properly driven.
+
+## 0.40.3
+
+- **Crotales synth** — tuned bronze discs with long ring and bright harmonics
+- **Tingsha synth** — paired Tibetan cymbals with beating from two detuned discs
+- **Rain stick** — cascading pebbles (steep and slow/shallow variants)
+- **Ocean drum** — steel beads rolling inside a frame drum, surf wash
+- **Cabasa** — metal bead chain on cylinder, bright metallic scrape
+- **Wind chimes** — multiple suspended metal tubes ringing at random offsets
+- **Finger cymbal** — single zill tap, bright metallic ping
+- `crotales`, `tingsha`, `singing_bowl`, `singing_bowl_ring` instrument presets
+- Audio demos in docs for all new sounds
+
 ## 0.40.2
 
 - **Master compressor dialed back** — threshold raised from 0.5 to 0.7,

demo_new_synths.py

@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+"""Demo the 5 new synths: Mellotron, Hard Sync, Ring Mod, Wavefold, Drift.
+
+Each synth gets a short musical phrase — not just a scale run — with
+reverb and rhythmic variety to show off its character.
+"""
+from pytheory import Score, Duration, play_score
+
+EIGHTH = Duration.EIGHTH
+QUARTER = Duration.QUARTER
+HALF = Duration.HALF
+DOTTED_Q = Duration.DOTTED_QUARTER
+WHOLE = Duration.WHOLE
+
+
+# ── Mellotron Strings ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Strawberry Fields vibes — slow, haunted, with rests that breathe.
+
+print("=== MELLOTRON STRINGS ===")
+s = Score("4/4", bpm=72)
+p = s.part("tape", instrument="mellotron_strings",
+           reverb=0.45, reverb_type="cathedral", reverb_decay=2.0)
+p.add("G4", HALF).add("B4", QUARTER).add("D5", QUARTER)
+p.add("C5", DOTTED_Q).add("B4", EIGHTH).add("A4", HALF)
+p.rest(QUARTER)
+p.add("G4", DOTTED_Q).add("F#4", EIGHTH).add("G4", WHOLE)
+play_score(s)
+
+
+# ── Mellotron Flute ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Lonely, breathy, with space between phrases.
+
+print("\n=== MELLOTRON FLUTE ===")
+s = Score("3/4", bpm=84)
+p = s.part("flute", instrument="mellotron_flute",
+           reverb=0.5, reverb_type="taj_mahal", reverb_decay=2.5)
+p.add("E5", HALF).add("D5", QUARTER)
+p.add("C5", DOTTED_Q).add("B4", EIGHTH).rest(QUARTER)
+p.add("A4", HALF).add("G4", QUARTER)
+p.add("A4", HALF).rest(QUARTER)
+p.add("E5", QUARTER).add("D5", QUARTER).add("C5", QUARTER)
+p.add("B4", HALF + QUARTER)
+play_score(s)
+
+
+# ── Mellotron Choir ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Ghostly pad — slow chords, big reverb.
+
+print("\n=== MELLOTRON CHOIR ===")
+s = Score("4/4", bpm=60)
+p = s.part("choir", instrument="mellotron_choir",
+           reverb=0.6, reverb_type="cathedral", reverb_decay=3.0)
+p.add("C4", WHOLE)
+p.add("E4", HALF).add("G4", HALF)
+p.add("A4", DOTTED_Q).add("G4", EIGHTH).add("F4", HALF)
+p.add("E4", WHOLE)
+play_score(s)
+
+
+# ── Hard Sync Lead ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Aggressive, punchy — fast 16ths and syncopation.
+
+print("\n=== HARD SYNC LEAD ===")
+s = Score("4/4", bpm=128)
+p = s.part("sync", instrument="sync_lead",
+           reverb=0.25, reverb_type="plate")
+p.add("E4", EIGHTH).add("E4", EIGHTH).rest(EIGHTH).add("G4", EIGHTH)
+p.add("A4", QUARTER).add("G4", EIGHTH).add("E4", EIGHTH)
+p.add("D4", EIGHTH).rest(EIGHTH).add("E4", EIGHTH).add("G4", EIGHTH)
+p.add("A4", HALF)
+p.rest(QUARTER).add("B4", EIGHTH).add("A4", EIGHTH)
+p.add("G4", QUARTER).add("E4", QUARTER).add("D4", HALF)
+play_score(s)
+
+
+# ── Hard Sync Bright ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Higher slave ratio — more harmonics, screaming lead.
+
+print("\n=== HARD SYNC BRIGHT ===")
+s = Score("4/4", bpm=138)
+p = s.part("sync2", instrument="sync_lead_bright",
+           reverb=0.2, reverb_type="plate")
+p.add("A4", EIGHTH).add("C5", EIGHTH).add("D5", QUARTER)
+p.rest(EIGHTH).add("E5", EIGHTH).add("D5", EIGHTH).add("C5", EIGHTH)
+p.add("A4", QUARTER).rest(QUARTER).add("G4", EIGHTH).add("A4", EIGHTH)
+p.add("C5", HALF)
+play_score(s)
+
+
+# ── Ring Mod Bell ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Shimmery, metallic — sparse hits with long reverb tail.
+
+print("\n=== RING MOD BELL ===")
+s = Score("4/4", bpm=66)
+p = s.part("bell", instrument="ring_mod_bell",
+           reverb=0.6, reverb_type="cave", reverb_decay=3.0)
+p.add("C5", HALF).rest(QUARTER).add("G4", QUARTER)
+p.rest(HALF).add("E5", HALF)
+p.add("D5", QUARTER).rest(QUARTER).add("C5", HALF)
+p.rest(WHOLE)
+p.add("G4", QUARTER).add("A4", QUARTER).add("C5", HALF)
+play_score(s)
+
+
+# ── Ring Mod Metallic ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Alien, inharmonic — atonal stabs.
+
+print("\n=== RING MOD METALLIC ===")
+s = Score("4/4", bpm=100)
+p = s.part("metal", instrument="ring_mod_metallic",
+           reverb=0.4, reverb_type="parking_garage", reverb_decay=2.0)
+p.add("F4", EIGHTH).rest(EIGHTH).add("Ab4", EIGHTH).add("F4", EIGHTH)
+p.rest(QUARTER).add("Db5", QUARTER).rest(QUARTER)
+p.add("C5", EIGHTH).add("Ab4", EIGHTH).rest(QUARTER).add("F4", HALF)
+p.rest(HALF).add("Db5", QUARTER).add("C5", QUARTER)
+play_score(s)
+
+
+# ── Wavefold Warm ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Gentle folds — round and musical, like a filtered saw with overtones.
+
+print("\n=== WAVEFOLD WARM ===")
+s = Score("4/4", bpm=108)
+p = s.part("fold", instrument="wavefold_warm",
+           reverb=0.3, reverb_type="plate")
+p.add("A3", QUARTER).add("C4", QUARTER).add("E4", QUARTER).add("A4", QUARTER)
+p.add("G4", DOTTED_Q).add("E4", EIGHTH).add("C4", HALF)
+p.add("D4", QUARTER).add("F4", QUARTER).add("A4", HALF)
+p.add("G4", WHOLE)
+play_score(s)
+
+
+# ── Wavefold Gnarly ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Cranked folds — buzzy, aggressive, with syncopation.
+
+print("\n=== WAVEFOLD GNARLY ===")
+s = Score("4/4", bpm=130)
+p = s.part("gnarly", instrument="wavefold_gnarly",
+           reverb=0.2, reverb_type="spring")
+p.add("E3", EIGHTH).add("E3", EIGHTH).rest(EIGHTH).add("G3", EIGHTH)
+p.add("A3", EIGHTH).rest(EIGHTH).add("B3", EIGHTH).add("A3", EIGHTH)
+p.add("E3", QUARTER).add("G3", EIGHTH).add("A3", EIGHTH).add("B3", QUARTER)
+p.rest(QUARTER)
+p.add("E4", EIGHTH).add("D4", EIGHTH).add("B3", QUARTER).add("A3", HALF)
+play_score(s)
+
+
+# ── Drift Saw ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Warm, alive analog saw — the Minimoog pad.
+
+print("\n=== DRIFT SAW (vintage VCO) ===")
+s = Score("4/4", bpm=88)
+p = s.part("drift", instrument="drift_saw",
+           reverb=0.35, reverb_type="taj_mahal", reverb_decay=2.0)
+p.add("D4", HALF).add("F4", HALF)
+p.add("A4", DOTTED_Q).add("G4", EIGHTH).add("F4", QUARTER).rest(QUARTER)
+p.add("D4", QUARTER).add("E4", QUARTER).add("F4", HALF)
+p.add("D4", WHOLE)
+play_score(s)
+
+
+# ── Drift Square ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Hollow, wobbly — 8-bit with analog soul.
+
+print("\n=== DRIFT SQUARE ===")
+s = Score("4/4", bpm=110)
+p = s.part("dsq", instrument="drift_square",
+           reverb=0.25, reverb_type="plate")
+p.add("C4", EIGHTH).add("E4", EIGHTH).add("G4", QUARTER).add("E4", QUARTER)
+p.rest(QUARTER)
+p.add("A4", EIGHTH).add("G4", EIGHTH).add("E4", QUARTER).add("C4", HALF)
+p.add("D4", QUARTER).add("F4", EIGHTH).add("G4", EIGHTH).add("A4", HALF)
+p.add("G4", WHOLE)
+play_score(s)
+
+
+# ── Analog Pad ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Slow, drifting chords — Juno-style lushness.
+
+print("\n=== ANALOG PAD ===")
+s = Score("4/4", bpm=70)
+p = s.part("pad", instrument="analog_pad",
+           reverb=0.5, reverb_type="taj_mahal", reverb_decay=3.0)
+p.add("A3", WHOLE)
+p.add("C4", HALF).add("E4", HALF)
+p.add("F4", WHOLE)
+p.add("E4", HALF).add("D4", HALF)
+p.add("C4", WHOLE)
+play_score(s)
+
+
+# ── Analog Bass ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Tight, punchy — Moog bass with filter sweep.
+
+print("\n=== ANALOG BASS ===")
+s = Score("4/4", bpm=120)
+p = s.part("bass", instrument="analog_bass",
+           reverb=0.1, reverb_type="plate")
+p.add("E2", EIGHTH).add("E2", EIGHTH).rest(EIGHTH).add("G2", EIGHTH)
+p.add("A2", QUARTER).rest(QUARTER)
+p.add("E2", EIGHTH).rest(EIGHTH).add("B2", EIGHTH).add("A2", EIGHTH)
+p.add("G2", QUARTER).add("E2", QUARTER).rest(HALF)
+p.add("E2", EIGHTH).add("E2", EIGHTH).add("G2", EIGHTH).add("A2", EIGHTH)
+p.add("B2", QUARTER).add("A2", QUARTER).add("E2", HALF)
+play_score(s)
+
+
+print("\nDone!")

docs/generate_audio.py

@@ -850,6 +850,56 @@ def gen_synth_ukulele():
         p.strum(ch, Duration.WHOLE, velocity=72)
     render("synth_ukulele", score)
 
+def gen_synth_hard_sync():
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=120)
+    p = score.part("demo", instrument="sync_lead_bright", volume=0.5)
+    for n in ["C4", "E4", "G4", "C5", "G4", "E4", "C4", "E4"]:
+        p.add(n, Duration.QUARTER, velocity=90)
+    render("synth_hard_sync", score)
+
+
+def gen_synth_ring_mod():
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=90)
+    p = score.part("demo", instrument="ring_mod_bell", volume=0.5)
+    for n in ["C5", "E5", "G5", "C6", "G5", "E5", "C5", "E5"]:
+        p.add(n, Duration.QUARTER, velocity=80)
+    render("synth_ring_mod", score)
+
+
+def gen_synth_wavefold():
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=110)
+    p = score.part("demo", instrument="wavefold_warm", volume=0.5)
+    for n in ["C4", "E4", "G4", "C5", "G4", "E4", "C4", "E4"]:
+        p.add(n, Duration.QUARTER, velocity=85)
+    render("synth_wavefold", score)
+
+
+def gen_synth_drift():
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=90)
+    p = score.part("demo", instrument="drift_saw", volume=0.5, reverb=0.35,
+                   reverb_type="taj_mahal")
+    for n in ["C4", "E4", "G4", "C5", "G4", "E4", "C4", "E4"]:
+        p.add(n, Duration.HALF, velocity=75)
+    render("synth_drift", score)
+
+
+def gen_synth_karplus():
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=100)
+    p = score.part("demo", synth="pluck_synth", envelope="none",
+                   volume=0.5, reverb=0.2)
+    for n in ["C4", "E4", "G4", "C5", "G4", "E4", "C4", "E4"]:
+        p.add(n, Duration.QUARTER, velocity=85)
+    render("synth_karplus", score)
+
+
+def gen_synth_mellotron():
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=80)
+    p = score.part("demo", instrument="mellotron_flute", volume=0.5)
+    for n in ["C4", "E4", "G4", "C5"]:
+        p.add(n, Duration.WHOLE, velocity=75)
+    render("synth_mellotron", score)
+
+
 def gen_synth_granular():
     score = Score("4/4", bpm=80)
     p = score.part("demo", instrument="granular_pad", volume=0.5, reverb=0.4)
@@ -858,6 +908,68 @@ def gen_synth_granular():
     render("synth_granular", score)
 
 
+def gen_synth_crotales():
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=60)
+    p = score.part("demo", synth="crotales_synth", envelope="none",
+                   volume=0.5, reverb=0.3)
+    for n in ["C6", "E6", "G6", "C7", "G6", "E6", "C6"]:
+        p.add(n, Duration.HALF, velocity=80)
+    render("synth_crotales", score)
+
+
+def gen_synth_tingsha():
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=40)
+    p = score.part("demo", synth="tingsha_synth", envelope="none",
+                   volume=0.5, reverb=0.4)
+    for n in ["E5", "A5", "E6", "A5"]:
+        p.add(n, Duration.WHOLE, velocity=75)
+    render("synth_tingsha", score)
+
+
+def gen_rainstick():
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=60)
+    p = score.part("demo", synth="sine", volume=1.0)
+    p.hit(DrumSound.RAINSTICK, Duration.WHOLE * 3, velocity=90)
+    render("rainstick", score)
+
+
+def gen_rainstick_slow():
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=60)
+    p = score.part("demo", synth="sine", volume=1.0)
+    p.hit(DrumSound.RAINSTICK_SLOW, Duration.WHOLE * 4, velocity=85)
+    render("rainstick_slow", score)
+
+
+def gen_ocean_drum():
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=60)
+    p = score.part("demo", synth="sine", volume=1.0)
+    p.hit(DrumSound.OCEAN_DRUM, Duration.WHOLE * 3, velocity=85)
+    render("ocean_drum", score)
+
+
+def gen_cabasa():
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=100)
+    p = score.part("demo", synth="sine", volume=1.0)
+    for _ in range(16):
+        p.hit(DrumSound.CABASA, Duration.EIGHTH, velocity=100)
+    render("cabasa", score)
+
+
+def gen_wind_chimes():
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=60)
+    p = score.part("demo", synth="sine", volume=1.0)
+    p.hit(DrumSound.WIND_CHIMES, Duration.WHOLE * 3, velocity=85)
+    render("wind_chimes", score)
+
+
+def gen_finger_cymbal():
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=80)
+    p = score.part("demo", synth="sine", volume=1.0)
+    for _ in range(8):
+        p.hit(DrumSound.FINGER_CYMBAL, Duration.QUARTER, velocity=85)
+    render("finger_cymbal", score)
+
+
 def gen_synth_singing_bowl_strike():
     score = Score("4/4", bpm=40)
     p = score.part("demo", synth="singing_bowl_strike_synth", envelope="none",
@@ -1077,9 +1189,23 @@ GENERATORS = [
     gen_synth_banjo,
     gen_synth_mandolin,
     gen_synth_ukulele,
+    gen_synth_hard_sync,
+    gen_synth_ring_mod,
+    gen_synth_wavefold,
+    gen_synth_drift,
+    gen_synth_karplus,
+    gen_synth_mellotron,
     gen_synth_granular,
+    gen_synth_crotales,
+    gen_synth_tingsha,
     gen_synth_singing_bowl_strike,
     gen_synth_singing_bowl_ring,
+    gen_rainstick,
+    gen_rainstick_slow,
+    gen_ocean_drum,
+    gen_cabasa,
+    gen_wind_chimes,
+    gen_finger_cymbal,
     gen_arpeggio,
     gen_legato_glide,
     gen_acid_house,