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.. _install-windows:
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Installing Python on Windows
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============================
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First, download the `latest version <http://python.org/ftp/python/2.7.6/python-2.7.6.msi>`_
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of Python 2.7 from the official Website. If you want to be sure you are installing a fully
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up-to-date version then use the "Windows Installer" link from the home page of the
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`Python.org web site <http://python.org>`_ .
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The Windows version is provided as an MSI package. To install it manually, just
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double-click the file. The MSI package format allows Windows administrators to
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automate installation with their standard tools.
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By design, Python installs to a directory with the version number embedded,
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e.g. Python version 2.7 will install at :file:`C:\Python27\`, so that you can
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have multiple versions of Python on the
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same system without conflicts. Of course, only one interpreter can be the
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default application for Python file types. It also does not automatically
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modify the ``PATH`` environment variable, so that you always have control over
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which copy of Python is run.
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Typing the full path name for a Python interpreter each time quickly gets
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tedious, so add the directories for your default Python version to the PATH.
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Assuming that your Python installation is in :file:`C:\Python27\`, add this to your
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PATH:
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.. code-block:: console
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C:\Python27\;C:\Python27\Scripts\
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You can do this easily by running the following in ``powershell``:
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.. code-block:: console
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[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path", "$env:Path;C:\Python27\;C:\Python27\Scripts\", "User")
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The second (:file:`Scripts`) directory receives command files when certain
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packages are installed, so it is a very useful addition.
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You do not need to install or configure anything else to use Python. Having
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said that, I would strongly recommend that you install the tools and libraries
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described in the next section before you start building Python applications for
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real-world use. In particular, you should always install Setuptools, as it
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makes it much easier for you to use other third-party Python libraries.
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Setuptools + Pip
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----------------
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The most crucial third-party Python software of all is Setuptools, which
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extends the packaging and installation facilities provided by the distutils in
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the standard library. Once you add Setuptools to your Python system you can
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download and install any compliant Python software product with a single
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command. It also enables you to add this network installation capability to
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your own Python software with very little work.
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To obtain the latest version of Setuptools for Windows, run the python script
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available here: `ez_setup.py <https://bitbucket.org/pypa/setuptools/raw/bootstrap/ez_setup.py>`_
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You'll now have a new command available to you: **easy_install**. It is
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considered by many to be deprecated, so we will install its replacement:
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**pip**. Pip allows for uninstallation of packages, and is actively maintained,
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unlike easy_install.
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To install pip, run the python script available here:
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`get-pip.py <https://raw.github.com/pypa/pip/master/contrib/get-pip.py>`_
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Virtualenv
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----------
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After Setuptools & Pip, the next development tool that you should install is
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`virtualenv <http://pypi.python.org/pypi/virtualenv/>`_. Use pip
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.. code-block:: console
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> pip install virtualenv
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The virtualenv kit provides the ability to create virtual Python environments
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that do not interfere with either each other, or the main Python installation.
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If you install virtualenv before you begin coding then you can get into the
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habit of using it to create completely clean Python environments for each
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project. This is particularly important for Web development, where each
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framework and application will have many dependencies.
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To set up a new Python environment, change the working directory to wherever
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you want to store the environment, and run the virtualenv utility in your
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project's directory
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.. code-block:: console
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> virtualenv venv
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To use an environment, run the :file:`activate.bat` batch file in the :file:`Scripts`
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subdirectory of that environment. Your command prompt will change to show the
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active environment. Once you have finished working in the current virtual
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environment, run the :file:`deactivate.bat` batch file to restore your settings to
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normal.
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Each new environment automatically includes a copy of ``pip`` in the
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:file:`Scripts` subdirectory, so that you can setup the third-party libraries and
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tools that you want to use in that environment. Put your own code within a
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subdirectory of the environment, however you wish. When you no longer need a
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particular environment, simply copy your code out of it, and then delete the
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main directory for the environment.
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--------------------------------
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This page is a remixed version of `another guide <http://www.stuartellis.eu/articles/python-development-windows/>`_,
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which is available under the same license.
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