v0.2.3

Fix CBV

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
+# v0.3.2
+- Overall improvements.
+
+# v0.2.2
+- Show traceback info when background tasks raise exceptions.
+
+# v0.2.1
+- api.requests.
+
 # v0.2.0
 - WebSocket support.
 

README.md

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ Boom.
 Install the latest release:
 
 
-    $ pipenv install responder
+    $ pipenv install responder --pre
     ✨🍰✨
 
 

docs/source/index.rst

@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ Features
 - A pleasant API, with a single import statement.
 - Class-based views without inheritence.
 - ASGI framework, the future of Python web services.
-- WebSocket support!
 - The ability to mount any ASGI / WSGI app at a subroute.
 - *f-string syntax* route declaration.
 - Mutable response object, passed into each view. No need to return anything.
@@ -106,6 +105,7 @@ User Guides
    quickstart
    tour
    deployment
+   testing
    api
 
 
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ Installing Responder
 
 .. code-block:: shell
 
-    $ pipenv install responder
+    $ pipenv install responder --pre
     ✨🍰✨
 
 Only **Python 3.6+** is supported.

docs/source/testing.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+Building and Testing with Responder
+===================================
+
+Responder comes with a first-class, well supported test client for your ASGI web services: **Requests**.
+
+Here, we'll go over the basics of setting up a proper Python package and adding testing to it.
+
+The Basics
+----------
+
+Your repository should look like this::
+
+    Pipfile   Pipfile.lock   api.py  test_api.py
+
+``$ cat api.py``::
+
+    import responder
+
+    api = responder.API()
+
+    @api.route("/")
+    def hello_world(req, resp):
+        resp.text = "hello, world!"
+
+    if __name__ == "__main__":
+        api.run()
+
+
+``$ cat Pipfile``::
+
+    [[source]]
+    url = "https://pypi.org/simple"
+    verify_ssl = true
+    name = "pypi"
+
+    [packages]
+    responder = "*"
+
+    [dev-packages]
+    pytest = "*"
+
+    [requires]
+    python_version = "3.7"
+
+    [pipenv]
+    allow_prereleases = true
+
+Writing Tests
+-------------
+
+``$ cat test_api.py``::
+
+    import pytest
+    import api as service
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def api():
+        return service.api
+
+
+    def test_hello_world(api):
+        r = api.requests.get("/")
+        assert r.text == "hello, world!"
+
+``$ pytest``::
+
+    ...
+    ========================== 1 passed in 0.10 seconds ==========================
+
+
+(Optional) Proper Python Package
+--------------------------------
+
+Optionally, you can not rely on relative imports, and instead install your api as a proper package. This requires:
+
+1. A `proper setup.py <https://github.com/kennethreitz/setup.py>`_ file.
+2. ``$ pipenv install -e . --dev``
+
+This will allow you to only specify your dependencies once: in ``setup.py``. ``$ pipenv lock`` will automatically lock your transitive dependencies (e.g. Responder), even if it's not specified in the ``Pipfile``.
+
+This will ensure that your application gets installed in every developer's environment, using Pipenv.

docs/source/tour.rst

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Class-based views (and setting some headers and stuff)::
 
     @api.route("/{greeting}")
     class GreetingResource:
-        def on_request(self, req, resp, *, greeting):   # or on_get...
+        def on_request(req, resp, *, greeting):   # or on_get...
             resp.text = f"{greeting}, world!"
             resp.headers.update({'X-Life': '42'})
             resp.status_code = api.status_codes.HTTP_416
@@ -50,23 +50,6 @@ Serve a GraphQL API::
 Visiting the endpoint will render a *GraphiQL* instance, in the browser.
 
 
-Built-in Testing Client (Requests)
-----------------------------------
-
-We can then send a query to our service::
-
-    >>> requests = api.session()
-    >>> r = requests.get("http://;/graph", params={"query": "{ hello }"})
-    >>> r.json()
-    {'data': {'hello': 'Hello stranger'}}
-
-
-Or, request YAML back::
-
-    >>> r = requests.get("http://;/graph", params={"query": "{ hello(name:\"john\") }"}, headers={"Accept": "application/x-yaml"})
-    >>> print(r.text)
-    data: {hello: Hello john}
-
 OpenAPI Schema Support
 ----------------------
 
@@ -147,11 +130,7 @@ If you have a single-page webapp, you can tell Responder to serve up your ``stat
 
     api.add_route("/", static=True)
 
-This will make ``index.html`` the default response to all undefined routes. Responder's CLI comes with a ``build`` command that will call ``npm run build`` for you::
-
-    responder build
-
-For an example of how to seamlessly integrate a React single page app with Responder check out `this project <https://github.com/metakermit/responder-react>`_.
+This will make ``index.html`` the default response to all undefined routes.
 
 Reading / Writing Cookies
 -------------------------
@@ -178,24 +157,37 @@ You can easily read a Request's session data, that can be trusted to have origin
     >>> req.session
     {'username': 'kennethreitz'}
 
-**Note**: if you are using this in production, you should pass the ``secret_key`` argument to ``API(...)``.
+**Note**: if you are using this in production, you should pass the ``secret_key`` argument to ``API(...)``::
 
-WebSocket Support
------------------
+    api = responder.API(secret_key=os.environ['SECRET_KEY'])
 
-Responder supports WebSockets::
+Using Requests Test Client
+--------------------------
 
-    @api.ws_route('/ws')
-    async def hello(ws):
-        await ws.accept()
-        await ws.send_text("Hello via websocket!")
-        await ws.close()
+Responder comes with a first-class, well supported test client for your ASGI web services: **Requests**.
 
+Here's an example of a test (written with pytest)::
+
+    import myapi
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def api():
+        return myapi.api
+
+    def test_response(api):
+        hello = "hello, world!"
+
+        @api.route('/some-url')
+        def some_view(req, resp):
+            resp.text = hello
+
+        r = api.requests.get(url=api.url_for(some_view))
+        assert r.text == hello
 
 HSTS (Redirect to HTTPS)
 ------------------------
 
-Want HSTS?
+Want HSTS (to redirect all traffic to HTTPS)?
 
 ::
 

responder/__version__.py

@@ -1 +1 @@
-__version__ = "0.2.0"
+__version__ = "0.2.3"

responder/api.py

@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ import asyncio
 import jinja2
 import itsdangerous
 from graphql_server import encode_execution_results, json_encode, default_format_error
+from starlette.websockets import WebSocket
+from starlette.debug import DebugMiddleware
 from starlette.routing import Router
 from starlette.staticfiles import StaticFiles
 from starlette.testclient import TestClient
@@ -25,7 +27,6 @@ from .routes import Route
 from .formats import get_formats
 from .background import BackgroundQueue
 from .templates import GRAPHIQL
-from .models import WebSocket
 
 # TODO: consider moving status codes here
 class API:
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ class API:
     def __init__(
         self,
         *,
+        debug=False,
         title=None,
         version=None,
         openapi=None,
@@ -87,6 +89,8 @@ class API:
         self.default_endpoint = None
         self.app = self.dispatch
         self.add_middleware(GZipMiddleware)
+        if debug:
+            self.add_middleware(DebugMiddleware)
         if self.hsts_enabled:
             self.add_middleware(HTTPSRedirectMiddleware)
 
@@ -99,6 +103,9 @@ class API:
             autoescape=jinja2.select_autoescape(["html", "xml"] if auto_escape else []),
         )
         self.jinja_values_base = {"api": self}  # Give reference to self.
+        self.requests = (
+            self.session()
+        )  #: A Requests session that is connected to the ASGI app.
 
     @property
     def _apispec(self):
@@ -149,22 +156,15 @@ class API:
         # Call the main dispatcher.
         async def asgi(receive, send):
             nonlocal scope, self
-            if scope["type"] == "websocket":
 
-                ws = WebSocket(scope, receive, send)
-                await self._dispatch_ws(ws)
-            else:
-                req = models.Request(scope, receive=receive, api=self)
-                resp = await self._dispatch_request(req)
-                await resp(receive, send)
+            req = models.Request(scope, receive=receive, api=self)
+            resp = await self._dispatch_request(
+                req, scope=scope, send=send, receive=receive
+            )
+            await resp(receive, send)
 
         return asgi
 
-    async def _dispatch_ws(self, ws):
-        route = self.path_matches_route(ws.url.path, protocol="ws")
-        route = self.routes.get(route)
-        await self._dispatch(route, ws=ws)
-
     def add_schema(self, name, schema, check_existing=True):
         """Adds a mashmallow schema to the API specification."""
         if check_existing:
@@ -191,14 +191,13 @@ class API:
 
         return decorator
 
-    # TODO: Remove protocol
-    def path_matches_route(self, path, protocol="http"):
+    def path_matches_route(self, path):
         """Given a path portion of a URL, tests that it matches against any registered route.
 
         :param path: The path portion of a URL, to test all known routes against.
         """
         for (route, route_object) in self.routes.items():
-            if route_object.does_match(path, protocol):
+            if route_object.does_match(path):
                 return route
 
     def _prepare_cookies(self, resp):
@@ -220,7 +219,7 @@ class API:
     def no_response(req, resp, **params):
         pass
 
-    async def _dispatch_request(self, req):
+    async def _dispatch_request(self, req, **options):
         # Set formats on Request object.
         req.formats = self.formats
 
@@ -229,86 +228,74 @@ class API:
         route = self.routes.get(route)
 
         # Create the response object.
-        resp = models.Response(req=req, formats=self.formats)
-        self.default_response(req, resp)
-
-        await self._dispatch(route, req=req, resp=resp)
-
-        self._prepare_session(resp)
-        self._prepare_cookies(resp)
-
-        return resp
-
-    async def _dispatch(self, route, **kwargs):
-
         cont = False
-
         if route:
-            if "req" in kwargs:
-                params = route.incoming_matches(kwargs["req"].url.path)
-            elif "ws" in kwargs:
-                params = route.incoming_matches(kwargs["ws"].url.path)
+            if not route.uses_websocket:
+                resp = models.Response(req=req, formats=self.formats)
             else:
-                params = {}
+                resp = WebSocket(**options)
+
+            params = route.incoming_matches(req.url.path)
 
             if route.is_graphql:
-                await self.graphql_response(schema=route.endpoint, **kwargs)
+                await self.graphql_response(req, resp, schema=route.endpoint)
 
             elif route.is_function:
                 try:
                     try:
                         # Run the view.
-                        r = route.endpoint(**kwargs, **params)
+                        r = route.endpoint(req, resp, **params)
                         # If it's async, await it.
                         if hasattr(r, "cr_running"):
                             await r
                     except TypeError as e:
                         cont = True
                 except Exception:
-                    self.default_response(error=True, **kwargs)
+                    self.default_response(req, resp, error=True)
 
-            if route.is_class_based or cont:
+            elif route.is_class_based or cont:
                 try:
                     view = route.endpoint(**params)
                 except TypeError:
-                    view = route.endpoint
+                    view = route.endpoint()
 
                 # Run on_request first.
                 try:
                     # Run the view.
                     r = getattr(view, "on_request", self.no_response)(
-                        **kwargs, **params
-                    )
-                    # If it's async, await it.
-                    if hasattr(r, "send"):
-                        await r
-                except Exception:
-                    self.default_response(error=True, **kwargs)
-
-                # Then on_get.
-                if "req" in kwargs:
-                    method = kwargs["req"].method
-                elif "ws" in kwargs:
-                    method = kwargs["ws"].method
-                else:
-                    method = "get"
-
-                # Run on_request first.
-                try:
-                    # Run the view.
-                    r = getattr(view, f"on_{method}", self.no_response)(
-                        **kwargs, **params
+                        req, resp, **params
                     )
                     # If it's async, await it.
                     if hasattr(r, "send"):
                         await r
                 except Exception as e:
-                    self.default_response(error=True, **kwargs)
+                    self.default_response(req, resp, error=True)
+
+                # Then on_get.
+                method = req.method
+
+                # Run on_request first.
+                try:
+                    # Run the view.
+                    r = getattr(view, f"on_{method}", self.no_response)(
+                        req, resp, **params
+                    )
+                    # If it's async, await it.
+                    if hasattr(r, "send"):
+                        await r
+                except Exception as e:
+
+                    self.default_response(req, resp, error=True)
 
         else:
-            self.default_response(notfound=True, **kwargs)
+            resp = models.Response(req=req, formats=self.formats)
+            self.default_response(req, resp, notfound=True)
+        self.default_response(req, resp)
 
-        return kwargs
+        self._prepare_session(resp)
+        self._prepare_cookies(resp)
+
+        return resp
 
     def add_route(
         self,
@@ -316,28 +303,20 @@ class API:
         endpoint=None,
         *,
         default=False,
-        websocket=False,
         static=False,
         check_existing=True,
+        websocket=False,
     ):
         """Add a route to the API.
 
         :param route: A string representation of the route.
         :param endpoint: The endpoint for the route -- can be a callable, a class, or graphene schema (GraphQL).
         :param default: If ``True``, all unknown requests will route to this view.
-        :param websocket: If ``True``, Requests to route will be treated as websockets.
         :param static: If ``True``, and no endpoint was passed, render "static/index.html", and it will become a default route.
         :param check_existing: If ``True``, an AssertionError will be raised, if the route is already defined.
         """
-        if websocket:
-            protocol = "ws"
-        else:
-            protocol = "http"
-
         if check_existing:
-            assert not (
-                route in self.routes and self.routes[route].protocol == protocol
-            )
+            assert route not in self.routes
 
         if not endpoint and static:
             endpoint = self.static_response
@@ -346,14 +325,15 @@ class API:
         if default:
             self.default_endpoint = endpoint
 
+        # Can we remove it ?
         try:
             if callable(endpoint):
                 endpoint.is_routed = True
         except AttributeError:
             pass
 
-        self.routes[route] = Route(route, endpoint, protocol)
-        # TODO: A better datastructer or sort it once the app is loaded
+        self.routes[route] = Route(route, endpoint, websocket=websocket)
+        # TODO: A better data structure or sort it once the app is loaded
         self.routes = dict(
             sorted(self.routes.items(), key=lambda item: item[1]._weight())
         )
@@ -374,6 +354,7 @@ class API:
 
     def static_response(self, req, resp):
         index = (self.static_dir / "index.html").resolve()
+        resp.content = ""
         if os.path.exists(index):
             with open(index, "r") as f:
                 resp.text = f.read()
@@ -485,18 +466,23 @@ class API:
             self._session = TestClient(self)
         return self._session
 
-    def url_for(self, endpoint, testing=False, **params):
+    def _route_for(self, endpoint):
+        for (route, route_object) in self.routes.items():
+            if route_object.endpoint == endpoint:
+                return route_object
+            elif route_object.endpoint_name == endpoint:
+                return route_object
+
+    def url_for(self, endpoint, **params):
         # TODO: Absolute_url
         """Given an endpoint, returns a rendered URL for its route.
 
         :param view: The route endpoint you're searching for.
         :param params: Data to pass into the URL generator (for parameterized URLs).
         """
-        for (route, route_object) in self.routes.items():
-            if route_object.endpoint == endpoint:
-                return route_object.url(testing=testing, **params)
-            elif route_object.endpoint_name == endpoint:
-                return route_object.url(testing=testing, **params)
+        route_object = self._route_for(endpoint)
+        if route_object:
+            return route_object.url(**params)
         raise ValueError
 
     def static_url(self, asset):

responder/background.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import traceback
 import multiprocessing
 import concurrent.futures
 
@@ -20,8 +21,15 @@ class BackgroundQueue:
         return f
 
     def task(self, f):
+        def on_future_done(fs):
+            try:
+                fs.result()
+            except:
+                traceback.print_exc()
+
         def do_task(*args, **kwargs):
             result = self.run(f, *args, **kwargs)
+            result.add_done_callback(on_future_done)
             return result
 
         return do_task

responder/models.py

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ from requests.cookies import RequestsCookieJar
 from starlette.datastructures import MutableHeaders
 from starlette.requests import Request as StarletteRequest
 from starlette.responses import Response as StarletteResponse
-from starlette.websockets import WebSocket as StarletteWebSocket
 
 from urllib.parse import parse_qs
 
@@ -288,65 +287,3 @@ class Response:
             body, status_code=self.status_code, headers=headers
         )
         await response(receive, send)
-
-
-class WebSocket:
-    __slots__ = ("_starlette", "_headers")
-
-    def __init__(self, scope, receive, send):
-        self._starlette = StarletteWebSocket(scope, receive, send)
-
-        headers = CaseInsensitiveDict()
-        for header, value in self._starlette.headers.items():
-            headers[header] = value
-
-        self._headers = headers
-
-    @property
-    def url(self):
-        return rfc3986.urlparse(str(self._starlette.url))
-
-    @property
-    def params(self):
-        """A dictionary of the parsed query parameters used for the Request."""
-        try:
-            return QueryDict(self.url.query)
-        except AttributeError:
-            return QueryDict({})
-
-    async def accept(self):
-        return await self._starlette.accept()
-
-    async def receive(self):
-        return await self._starlette.receive()
-
-    async def content(self):
-        """Receive bytes."""
-        return await self._starlette.receive_bytes()
-
-    async def text(self):
-        """Receive text."""
-        return await self._starlette.receive_text()
-
-    # async def json(self):
-    #     """Receive json"""
-    #     return await self._starlette.receive_json()
-
-    # async def media(self):
-    #     """Receive json"""
-    #     return (await self.receive_json())
-
-    async def send(self):
-        await self._starlette.send()
-
-    async def send_text(self, data):
-        await self._starlette.send_text(data)
-
-    # async def send_json(self, data):
-    #     await self._starlette.send_json(data)
-
-    # async def send_media(self, data):
-    #     await self.send_json(data)
-
-    async def close(self, code=1000):
-        await self._starlette.close(code)

responder/routes.py

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ from parse import parse
 
 
 def memoize(f):
-    def helper(self, s, *args, **kwargs):
+    def helper(self, s):
         memoize_key = f"{f.__name__}:{s}"
         if memoize_key not in self._memo:
-            self._memo[memoize_key] = f(self, s, *args, **kwargs)
+            self._memo[memoize_key] = f(self, s)
         return self._memo[memoize_key]
 
     return helper
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ def memoize(f):
 class Route:
     _param_pattern = re.compile(r"{([^{}]*)}")
 
-    def __init__(self, route, endpoint, protocol="http"):
+    def __init__(self, route, endpoint, websocket=False):
         self.route = route
         self.endpoint = endpoint
-        self.protocol = protocol
+        self.uses_websocket = websocket
         self._memo = {}
 
     def __repr__(self):
@@ -45,10 +45,8 @@ class Route:
         return bool(self._param_pattern.search(self.route))
 
     @memoize
-    def does_match(self, s, protocol="http"):
+    def does_match(self, s):
         if s == self.route:
-            if self.protocol != protocol:
-                return False
             return True
 
         named = self.incoming_matches(s)
@@ -59,12 +57,8 @@ class Route:
         results = parse(self.route, s)
         return results.named if results else {}
 
-    def url(self, testing=False, **params):
-        url = self.route.format(**params)
-        if testing:
-            url = f"http://;{url}"
-
-        return url
+    def url(self, **params):
+        return self.route.format(**params)
 
     def _weight(self):
         params = set(self._param_pattern.findall(self.route))
@@ -78,9 +72,11 @@ class Route:
     @property
     def is_class_based(self):
         return hasattr(self.endpoint, "__class__")
-
+     
+    @property
     def is_function(self):
+        # TODO: Should we remove is_routed ? 
         routed = hasattr(self.endpoint, "is_routed")
         code = hasattr(self.endpoint, "__code__")
         kwdefaults = hasattr(self.endpoint, "__kwdefaults__")
-        return all((routed, code, kwdefaults))
+        return all((callable(self.endpoint), code, kwdefaults))

tests/conftest.py

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ def api():
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def session(api):
-    return api.session()
+    return api.requests
 
 
 @pytest.fixture

tests/test_responder.py

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ def test_class_based_view_registration(api):
 def test_class_based_view_parameters(api):
     @api.route("/{greeting}")
     class Greeting:
-        def on_request(req, resp, *, greeting):
+        def on_request(self, req, resp, *, greeting):
             resp.text = f"{greeting}, world!"
 
     assert api.session().get("http://;/Hello").ok
@@ -73,16 +73,17 @@ def test_class_based_view_parameters(api):
 
 def test_requests_session(api):
     assert api.session()
+    assert api.requests
 
 
-def test_requests_session_works(api, session, url):
+def test_requests_session_works(api, url):
     TEXT = "spiral out"
 
     @api.route("/")
     def hello(req, resp):
         resp.text = TEXT
 
-    assert session.get(url("/")).text == TEXT
+    assert api.requests.get(url("/")).text == TEXT
 
 
 def test_status_code(api):
@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ def test_status_code(api):
         resp.text = "keep going"
         resp.status_code = responder.status_codes.HTTP_416
 
-    assert api.session().get("http://;/").status_code == responder.status_codes.HTTP_416
+    assert api.requests.get("http://;/").status_code == responder.status_codes.HTTP_416
 
 
 def test_json_media(api):
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ def test_json_media(api):
     def media(req, resp):
         resp.media = dump
 
-    r = api.session().get("http://;/")
+    r = api.requests.get("http://;/")
 
     assert "json" in r.headers["Content-Type"]
     assert r.json() == dump
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ def test_yaml_media(api):
     def media(req, resp):
         resp.media = dump
 
-    r = api.session().get("http://;/", headers={"Accept": "yaml"})
+    r = api.requests.get("http://;/", headers={"Accept": "yaml"})
 
     assert "yaml" in r.headers["Content-Type"]
     assert yaml.load(r.content) == dump
@@ -123,29 +124,29 @@ def test_yaml_media(api):
 def test_graphql_schema_query_querying(api, schema):
     api.add_route("/", schema)
 
-    r = api.session().get("http://;/?q={ hello }", headers={"Accept": "json"})
+    r = api.requests.get("http://;/?q={ hello }", headers={"Accept": "json"})
     assert r.json() == {"data": {"hello": "Hello stranger"}}
 
 
-def test_argumented_routing(api, session):
+def test_argumented_routing(api):
     @api.route("/{name}")
     def hello(req, resp, *, name):
         resp.text = f"Hello, {name}."
 
-    r = session.get(api.url_for(hello, name="sean"))
+    r = api.requests.get(api.url_for(hello, name="sean"))
     assert r.text == "Hello, sean."
 
 
-def test_mote_argumented_routing(api, session):
+def test_mote_argumented_routing(api):
     @api.route("/{greeting}/{name}")
     def hello(req, resp, *, greeting, name):
         resp.text = f"{greeting}, {name}."
 
-    r = session.get(api.url_for(hello, greeting="hello", name="lyndsy"))
+    r = api.requests.get(api.url_for(hello, greeting="hello", name="lyndsy"))
     assert r.text == "hello, lyndsy."
 
 
-def test_request_and_get(api, session):
+def test_request_and_get(api):
     @api.route("/")
     class ThingsResource:
         def on_request(self, req, resp):
@@ -154,7 +155,7 @@ def test_request_and_get(api, session):
         def on_get(self, req, resp):
             resp.headers.update({"LIFE": "42"})
 
-    r = session.get(api.url_for(ThingsResource))
+    r = api.requests.get(api.url_for(ThingsResource))
     assert "DEATH" in r.headers
     assert "LIFE" in r.headers
 
@@ -165,58 +166,58 @@ def test_class_based_view_status_code(api):
         def on_request(self, req, resp):
             resp.status_code = responder.status_codes.HTTP_416
 
-    assert api.session().get("http://;/").status_code == responder.status_codes.HTTP_416
+    assert api.requests.get("http://;/").status_code == responder.status_codes.HTTP_416
 
 
-def test_query_params(api, url, session):
+def test_query_params(api, url):
     @api.route("/")
     def route(req, resp):
         resp.media = {"params": req.params}
 
-    r = session.get(api.url_for(route), params={"q": "q"})
+    r = api.requests.get(api.url_for(route), params={"q": "q"})
     assert r.json()["params"] == {"q": "q"}
 
-    r = session.get(url("/?q=1&q=2&q=3"))
+    r = api.requests.get(url("/?q=1&q=2&q=3"))
     assert r.json()["params"] == {"q": "3"}
 
 
 # Requires https://github.com/encode/starlette/pull/102
-def test_form_data(api, session):
+def test_form_data(api):
     @api.route("/")
     async def route(req, resp):
         resp.media = {"form": await req.media("form")}
 
     dump = {"q": "q"}
-    r = session.get(api.url_for(route), data=dump)
+    r = api.requests.get(api.url_for(route), data=dump)
     assert r.json()["form"] == dump
 
 
-def test_async_function(api, session):
+def test_async_function(api):
     content = "The Emerald Tablet of Hermes"
 
     @api.route("/")
     async def route(req, resp):
         resp.text = content
 
-    r = session.get(api.url_for(route))
+    r = api.requests.get(api.url_for(route))
     assert r.text == content
 
 
-def test_media_parsing(api, session):
+def test_media_parsing(api):
     dump = {"hello": "sam"}
 
     @api.route("/")
     def route(req, resp):
         resp.media = dump
 
-    r = session.get(api.url_for(route))
+    r = api.requests.get(api.url_for(route))
     assert r.json() == dump
 
-    r = session.get(api.url_for(route), headers={"Accept": "application/x-yaml"})
+    r = api.requests.get(api.url_for(route), headers={"Accept": "application/x-yaml"})
     assert r.text == "{hello: sam}\n"
 
 
-def test_background(api, session):
+def test_background(api):
     @api.route("/")
     def route(req, resp):
         @api.background.task
@@ -228,11 +229,11 @@ def test_background(api, session):
         task()
         api.text = "ok"
 
-    r = session.get(api.url_for(route))
+    r = api.requests.get(api.url_for(route))
     assert r.ok
 
 
-def test_multiple_routes(api, session):
+def test_multiple_routes(api):
     @api.route("/1")
     def route1(req, resp):
         resp.text = "1"
@@ -241,45 +242,45 @@ def test_multiple_routes(api, session):
     def route2(req, resp):
         resp.text = "2"
 
-    r = session.get(api.url_for(route1))
+    r = api.requests.get(api.url_for(route1))
     assert r.text == "1"
 
-    r = session.get(api.url_for(route2))
+    r = api.requests.get(api.url_for(route2))
     assert r.text == "2"
 
 
 def test_graphql_schema_json_query(api, schema):
     api.add_route("/", schema)
 
-    r = api.session().post("http://;/", json={"query": "{ hello }"})
+    r = api.requests.post("http://;/", json={"query": "{ hello }"})
     assert r.ok
 
 
 def test_graphiql(api, schema):
     api.add_route("/", schema)
 
-    r = api.session().get("http://;/", headers={"Accept": "text/html"})
+    r = api.requests.get("http://;/", headers={"Accept": "text/html"})
     assert r.ok
     assert "GraphiQL" in r.text
 
 
-def test_json_uploads(api, session):
+def test_json_uploads(api):
     @api.route("/")
     async def route(req, resp):
         resp.media = await req.media()
 
     dump = {"complicated": "times"}
-    r = session.post(api.url_for(route), json=dump)
+    r = api.requests.post(api.url_for(route), json=dump)
     assert r.json() == dump
 
 
-def test_yaml_uploads(api, session):
+def test_yaml_uploads(api):
     @api.route("/")
     async def route(req, resp):
         resp.media = await req.media()
 
     dump = {"complicated": "times"}
-    r = session.post(
+    r = api.requests.post(
         api.url_for(route),
         data=yaml.dump(dump),
         headers={"Content-Type": "application/x-yaml"},
@@ -287,35 +288,39 @@ def test_yaml_uploads(api, session):
     assert r.json() == dump
 
 
-def test_form_uploads(api, session):
+def test_form_uploads(api):
     @api.route("/")
     async def route(req, resp):
         resp.media = await req.media()
 
     dump = {"complicated": "times"}
-    r = session.post(api.url_for(route), data=dump)
+    r = api.requests.post(api.url_for(route), data=dump)
     assert r.json() == dump
 
 
-def test_json_downloads(api, session):
+def test_json_downloads(api):
     dump = {"testing": "123"}
 
     @api.route("/")
     def route(req, resp):
         resp.media = dump
 
-    r = session.get(api.url_for(route), headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"})
+    r = api.requests.get(
+        api.url_for(route), headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+    )
     assert r.json() == dump
 
 
-def test_yaml_downloads(api, session):
+def test_yaml_downloads(api):
     dump = {"testing": "123"}
 
     @api.route("/")
     def route(req, resp):
         resp.media = dump
 
-    r = session.get(api.url_for(route), headers={"Content-Type": "application/x-yaml"})
+    r = api.requests.get(
+        api.url_for(route), headers={"Content-Type": "application/x-yaml"}
+    )
     assert yaml.safe_load(r.content) == dump
 
 
@@ -343,59 +348,59 @@ def test_schema_generation():
         """
         resp.media = PetSchema().dump({"name": "little orange"})
 
-    r = api.session().get("http://;/schema.yml")
+    r = api.requests.get("http://;/schema.yml")
     dump = yaml.safe_load(r.content)
 
     assert dump
     assert dump["openapi"] == "3.0"
 
 
-def test_mount_wsgi_app(api, flask, session):
+def test_mount_wsgi_app(api, flask):
     @api.route("/")
     def hello(req, resp):
         resp.text = "hello"
 
     api.mount("/flask", flask)
 
-    r = session.get("http://;/flask")
+    r = api.requests.get("http://;/flask")
     assert r.ok
 
 
-def test_async_class_based_views(api, session):
+def test_async_class_based_views(api):
     @api.route("/")
     class Resource:
         async def on_post(self, req, resp):
             resp.text = await req.text
 
     data = "frame"
-    r = session.post(api.url_for(Resource), data=data)
+    r = api.requests.post(api.url_for(Resource), data=data)
     assert r.text == data
 
 
-def test_cookies(api, session):
+def test_cookies(api):
     @api.route("/")
     def cookies(req, resp):
         resp.media = {"cookies": req.cookies}
         resp.cookies["sent"] = "true"
 
-    r = session.get(api.url_for(cookies), cookies={"hello": "universe"})
+    r = api.requests.get(api.url_for(cookies), cookies={"hello": "universe"})
     assert r.json() == {"cookies": {"hello": "universe"}}
     assert "sent" in r.cookies
 
-    r = session.get(api.url_for(cookies))
+    r = api.requests.get(api.url_for(cookies))
     assert r.json() == {"cookies": {"sent": "true"}}
 
 
-def test_sessions(api, session):
+def test_sessions(api):
     @api.route("/")
     def view(req, resp):
         resp.session["hello"] = "world"
         resp.media = resp.session
 
-    r = session.get(api.url_for(view))
+    r = api.requests.get(api.url_for(view))
     assert "Responder-Session" in r.cookies
 
-    r = session.get(api.url_for(view))
+    r = api.requests.get(api.url_for(view))
     assert (
         r.cookies["Responder-Session"]
         == '{"hello": "world"}.lJVWJULPqR9kdao_oT4pUglV281bxHfGvcKQ7XF8qNqaiIZlRcMvqKNdA1-d5z7DycAx5eqmzJZoqWPP759-Cw'
@@ -403,16 +408,16 @@ def test_sessions(api, session):
     assert r.json() == {"hello": "world"}
 
 
-def test_template_rendering(api, session):
+def test_template_rendering(api):
     @api.route("/")
     def view(req, resp):
         resp.content = api.template_string("{{ var }}", var="hello")
 
-    r = session.get(api.url_for(view))
+    r = api.requests.get(api.url_for(view))
     assert r.text == "hello"
 
 
-def test_file_uploads(api, session):
+def test_file_uploads(api):
     @api.route("/")
     async def upload(req, resp):
 
@@ -422,21 +427,21 @@ def test_file_uploads(api, session):
 
     world = io.StringIO("world")
     data = {"hello": world}
-    r = session.post(api.url_for(upload), files=data)
+    r = api.requests.post(api.url_for(upload), files=data)
     assert r.json() == {"files": {"hello": "world"}}
 
 
-def test_500(api, session):
+def test_500(api):
     @api.route("/")
     def view(req, resp):
         raise ValueError
 
-    r = session.get(api.url_for(view))
+    r = api.requests.get(api.url_for(view))
     assert not r.ok
 
 
-def test_404(session):
-    r = session.get("/foo")
+def test_404(api):
+    r = api.requests.get("/foo")
 
     assert r.status_code == responder.status_codes.HTTP_404
 
@@ -447,5 +452,3 @@ def test_kinda_websockets(api):
         await ws.accept()
         await ws.send_text("Hello via websocket!")
         await ws.close()
-
-