Bump version to 3.1.0

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
CI: Remove linkcheck from docs workflow
2026-06-05 23:00:17 +00:00 · 2026-03-22 07:57:32 -04:00 · 2026-03-22 07:54:59 -04:00 · 2026-03-22 07:53:25 -04:00 · 2026-03-22 07:50:32 -04:00 · 2026-03-22 07:44:11 -04:00
142 changed files with 61967 additions and 643 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+github: kennethreitz
+thanks_dev: kennethreitz
+custom: https://cash.app/$KennethReitz
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# To get started with Dependabot version updates, you'll need to specify which
+# package ecosystems to update and where the package manifests are located.
+# Please see the documentation for all configuration options:
+# https://docs.github.com/github/administering-a-repository/configuration-options-for-dependency-updates
+
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: "pip"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "monthly"
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+name: "Documentation"
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+  pull_request: ~
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+# Cancel redundant in-progress jobs.
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+
+  documentation:
+    name: "Documentation"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      UV_SYSTEM_PYTHON: true
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+    - name: Set up Python
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      with:
+        python-version: "3.13"
+
+    - name: Set up uv
+      uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v5
+      with:
+        version: "latest"
+        enable-cache: true
+        cache-dependency-glob: |
+          pyproject.toml
+
+    - name: Install package and documentation dependencies
+      run: uv pip install '.[docs]'
+
+    - name: Build static HTML documentation
+      run: sphinx-build -W --keep-going docs/source docs/build
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+name: "Tests"
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+  pull_request: ~
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+# Cancel redundant in-progress jobs.
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+
+  test:
+    name: "Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        python-version: [
+          "3.9",
+          "3.10",
+          "3.11",
+          "3.12",
+          "3.13",
+        ]
+    env:
+      UV_SYSTEM_PYTHON: true
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+      with:
+        node-version: 22
+
+    - name: Set up Python
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      with:
+        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+
+    - name: Set up uv
+      uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v5
+      with:
+        version: "latest"
+        enable-cache: true
+        cache-suffix: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+        cache-dependency-glob: |
+          pyproject.toml
+
+    - name: Install package
+      run: uv pip install '.[develop,test]'
+
+    - name: Run tests
+      run: pytest
@@ -1 +1,19 @@
+.venv*
 .vscode/
+.cache
+.idea
+.python-version
+.coverage
+.pytest_cache
+.DS_Store
+coverage.xml
+.coverage*
+
+__pycache__
+tests/__pycache__
+
+build
+responder.egg-info/
+dist/
+app.py
+app2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# .readthedocs.yml
+# Read the Docs configuration file
+
+# Details
+# - https://docs.readthedocs.io/en/stable/config-file/v2.html
+
+# Required
+version: 2
+
+build:
+  os: "ubuntu-24.04"
+  tools:
+    python: "3.12"
+
+python:
+  install:
+      - method: pip
+        path: .
+        extra_requirements:
+          - docs
+
+sphinx:
+  configuration: docs/source/conf.py
+
+  # Use standard HTML builder.
+  builder: html
+
+  # Fail on all warnings to avoid broken references.
+  fail_on_warning: true
+
+# Optionally build your docs in additional formats such as PDF
+#formats:
+#  - pdf
@@ -0,0 +1,422 @@
+# Changelog
+
+All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
+
+The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/), and
+this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
+
+## [Unreleased]
+
+## [v3.0.0] - 2026-03-22
+
+### Added
+
+- Platform: Added support for Python 3.10 - Python 3.13
+- CLI: `responder run` now also accepts a filesystem path on its `<target>`
+  argument, enabling usage on single-file applications.
+- CLI: `responder run` now also accepts URLs.
+
+### Changed
+
+- Platform: Minimum Python version is now 3.9 (dropped 3.6, 3.7, 3.8)
+- Dependencies: Dramatically reduced core dependency count (10 → 5)
+  - Removed `requests`, `requests-toolbelt`, `rfc3986`, `whitenoise`
+  - Moved `apispec` and `marshmallow` to `openapi` optional extra
+  - Replaced `rfc3986` with stdlib `urllib.parse`
+  - Replaced `requests-toolbelt` multipart decoder with `python-multipart`
+  - Replaced deprecated `starlette.middleware.wsgi` with `a2wsgi`
+  - Switched from WhiteNoise to ServeStatic
+- Dependencies: Pinned `starlette[full]>=0.40` (was unpinned)
+- GraphQL: Upgraded to `graphene>=3` and `graphql-core>=3.1`
+  (from `graphene<3` and `graphql-server-core`, which is unmaintained)
+- GraphQL: Updated GraphiQL UI from 0.12.0 (2018) to 3.0.6 with React 18
+- Extensions: All of CLI-, GraphQL-, and OpenAPI-Support modules are
+  extensions now, found within the `responder.ext` module namespace.
+- Packaging: Migrated from `setup.py` to declarative `pyproject.toml`
+
+### Removed
+
+- Platform: Removed support for EOL Python 3.6, 3.7, 3.8
+- Status codes: Removed deprecated `resume_incomplete` and `resume`
+  aliases for HTTP 308 (marked for removal in 3.0)
+- CLI: `responder run --build` ceased to exist
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Routing: Fixed dispatching `static_route=None` on Windows
+- uvicorn: `--debug` now maps to uvicorn's `log_level = "debug"`
+- Tests: Fixed deprecated httpx TestClient usage
+
+## [v2.0.5] - 2019-12-15
+
+### Added
+
+- Update requirements to support python 3.8
+
+## [v2.0.4] - 2019-11-19
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Fix static app resolving
+
+## [v2.0.3] - 2019-09-20
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Fix template conflicts
+
+## [v2.0.2] - 2019-09-20
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Fix template conflicts
+
+## [v2.0.1] - 2019-09-20
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Fix template import
+
+## [v2.0.0] - 2019-09-19
+
+### Changed
+
+- Refactor Router and Schema
+
+## [v1.3.2] - 2019-08-15
+
+### Added
+
+- ASGI 3 support
+- CI tests for python 3.8-dev
+- Now requests have `state` a mapping object
+
+### Deprecated
+
+- ASGI 2
+
+## [v1.3.1] - 2019-04-28
+
+### Added
+
+- Route params Converters
+- Add search for documentation pages
+
+### Changed
+
+- Bump dependencies
+
+## [v1.3.0] - 2019-02-22
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Versioning issue
+- Multiple cookies.
+- Whitenoise returns not found.
+- Other bugfixes.
+
+### Added
+
+- Stream support via `resp.stream`.
+- Cookie directives via `resp.set_cookie`.
+- Add `resp.html` to send HTML.
+- Other improvements.
+
+## [v1.1.3] - 2019-01-12
+
+### Changed
+
+- Refactor `_route_for`
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Resolve startup/shutdwown events
+
+## [v1.2.0] - 2018-12-29
+
+### Added
+
+- Documentations
+
+### Changed
+
+- Use Starlette's LifeSpan middleware
+- Update denpendencies
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Fix route.is_class_based
+- Fix test_500
+- Typos
+
+## [v1.1.2] - 2018-11-11
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Minor fixes for Open API
+- Typos
+
+## [v1.1.1] - 2018-10-29
+
+### Changed
+
+- Run sync views in a threadpoolexecutor.
+
+## [v1.1.0] - 2018-10-27
+
+### Added
+
+- Support for `before_request`.
+
+## [v1.0.5]- 2018-10-27
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Fix sessions.
+
+## [v1.0.4] - 2018-10-27
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Potential bufix for cookies.
+
+## [v1.0.3] - 2018-10-27
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Bugfix for redirects.
+
+## [v1.0.2] - 2018-10-27
+
+### Changed
+
+- Improvement for static file hosting.
+
+## [v1.0.1] - 2018-10-26
+
+### Changed
+
+- Improve cors configuration settings.
+
+## [v1.0.0] - 2018-10-26
+
+### Changed
+
+- Move GraphQL support into a built-in plugin.
+
+## [v0.3.3] - 2018-10-25
+
+### Added
+
+- CORS support
+
+### Changed
+
+- Improved exceptions.
+
+## [v0.3.2] - 2018-10-25
+
+### Changed
+
+- Subtle improvements.
+
+## [v0.3.1] - 2018-10-24
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Packaging fix.
+
+## [v0.3.0] - 2018-10-24
+
+### Changed
+
+- Interactive Documentation endpoint.
+- Minor improvements.
+
+## [v0.2.3] - 2018-10-24
+
+### Changed
+
+- Overall improvements.
+
+## [v0.2.2] - 2018-10-23
+
+### Added
+
+- Show traceback info when background tasks raise exceptions.
+
+## [v0.2.1] - 2018-10-23
+
+### Added
+
+- api.requests.
+
+## [v0.2.0] - 2018-10-22
+
+### Added
+
+- WebSocket support.
+
+## [v0.1.6] - 2018-10-20
+
+### Added
+
+- 500 support.
+
+## [v0.1.5] - 2018-10-20
+
+### Added
+
+- File upload support
+
+### Changed
+
+- Improvements to sequential media reading.
+
+## [v0.1.4] - 2018-10-19
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Stability.
+
+## [v0.1.3] - 2018-10-18
+
+### Added
+
+- Sessions support.
+
+## [v0.1.2] - 2018-10-18
+
+### Added
+
+- Cookies support.
+
+## [v0.1.1] - 2018-10-17
+
+### Changed
+
+- Default routes.
+
+## [v0.1.0] - 2018-10-17
+
+### Added
+
+- Prototype of static application support.
+
+## [v0.0.10] - 2018-10-17
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Bugfix for async class-based views.
+
+## [v0.0.9] - 2018-10-17
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Bugfix for async class-based views.
+
+## [v0.0.8] - 2018-10-17
+
+### Added
+
+- GraphiQL Support.
+
+### Changed
+
+- Improvement to route selection.
+
+## [v0.0.7] - 2018-10-16
+
+### Changed
+
+- Immutable Request object.
+
+## [v0.0.6] - 2018-10-16
+
+### Added
+
+- Ability to mount WSGI apps.
+- Supply content-type when serving up the schema.
+
+## [v0.0.5] - 2018-10-15
+
+### Added
+
+- OpenAPI Schema support.
+- Safe load/dump yaml.
+
+## [v0.0.4] - 2018-10-15
+
+### Added
+
+- Asynchronous support for data uploads.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Bug fixes.
+
+## [v0.0.3] - 2018-10-13
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Bug fixes.
+
+## [v0.0.2] - 2018-10-13
+
+### Changed
+
+- Switch to ASGI/Starlette.
+
+## [v0.0.1] - 2018-10-12
+
+### Added
+
+- Conception!
+
+[unreleased]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v3.0.0..HEAD
+[v3.0.0]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v2.0.5..v3.0.0
+[v2.0.5]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v2.0.4..v2.0.5
+[v2.0.4]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v2.0.3..v2.0.4
+[v2.0.3]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v2.0.2..v2.0.3
+[v2.0.2]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v2.0.1..v2.0.2
+[v2.0.1]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v2.0.0..v2.0.1
+[v2.0.0]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v1.3.2..v2.0.0
+[v1.3.2]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v1.3.1..v1.3.2
+[v1.3.1]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v1.3.0..v1.3.1
+[v1.3.0]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v1.2.0..v1.3.0
+[v1.2.0]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v1.1.3..v1.2.0
+[v1.1.3]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v1.1.2..v1.1.3
+[v1.1.2]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v1.1.1..v1.1.2
+[v1.1.1]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v1.1.0..v1.1.1
+[v1.1.0]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v1.0.5..v1.1.0
+[v1.0.5]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v1.0.4..v1.0.5
+[v1.0.4]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v1.0.3..v1.0.4
+[v1.0.3]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v1.0.2..v1.0.3
+[v1.0.2]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v1.0.1..v1.0.2
+[v1.0.1]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v1.0.0..v1.0.1
+[v1.0.0]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v0.3.3..v1.0.0
+[v0.3.3]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v0.3.2..v0.3.3
+[v0.3.2]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v0.3.1..v0.3.2
+[v0.3.1]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v0.3.0..v0.3.1
+[v0.3.0]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v0.2.3..v0.3.0
+[v0.2.3]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v0.2.2..v0.2.3
+[v0.2.2]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v0.2.1..v0.2.2
+[v0.2.1]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v0.2.0..v0.2.1
+[v0.2.0]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v0.1.6..v0.2.0
+[v0.1.6]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v0.1.5..v0.1.6
+[v0.1.5]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v0.1.4..v0.1.5
+[v0.1.4]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v0.1.3..v0.1.4
+[v0.1.3]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v0.1.2..v0.1.3
+[v0.1.2]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v0.1.1..v0.1.2
+[v0.1.1]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v0.1.0..v0.1.1
+[v0.1.0]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v0.0.10..v0.1.0
+[v0.0.10]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v0.0.9..v0.0.10
+[v0.0.9]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v0.0.8..v0.0.9
+[v0.0.8]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v0.0.7..v0.0.8
+[v0.0.7]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v0.0.6..v0.0.7
+[v0.0.6]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v0.0.5..v0.0.6
+[v0.0.5]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v0.0.4..v0.0.5
+[v0.0.4]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v0.0.3..v0.0.4
+[v0.0.3]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v0.0.2..v0.0.3
+[v0.0.2]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v0.0.1..v0.0.2
+[v0.0.1]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/compare/v0.0.0..v0.0.1
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+
+
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
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+          notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
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+          that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
+          as modifying the License.
+
+      You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
+      may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
+      for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
+      for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
+      reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
+      the conditions stated in this License.
+
+   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+      origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
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+      PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
+      appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
+      risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+      incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
+      result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+      License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-[[source]]
-url = "https://pypi.org/simple"
-verify_ssl = true
-name = "pypi"
-
-[packages]
-waitress = "*"
-werkzeug = "*"
-pyyaml = "*"
-requests = "*"
-requests-wsgi-adapter = "*"
-graphene = "*"
-whitenoise = "*"
-
-[dev-packages]
-pytest = "*"
-"flake8" = "*"
-black = "*"
-
-[requires]
-python_version = "3.7"
-
-[pipenv]
-allow_prereleases = true
@@ -1,271 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "_meta": {
-        "hash": {
-            "sha256": "f6b7cc3cf0ac2760ea99bcb8d18c743eff418c6269da29823ccfdbdea19a8c1e"
-        },
-        "pipfile-spec": 6,
-        "requires": {
-            "python_version": "3.7"
-        },
-        "sources": [
-            {
-                "name": "pypi",
-                "url": "https://pypi.org/simple",
-                "verify_ssl": true
-            }
-        ]
-    },
-    "default": {
-        "aniso8601": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:7849749cf00ae0680ad2bdfe4419c7a662bef19c03691a19e008c8b9a5267802",
-                "sha256:94f90871fcd314a458a3d4eca1c84448efbd200e86f55fe4c733c7a40149ef50"
-            ],
-            "version": "==3.0.2"
-        },
-        "certifi": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:376690d6f16d32f9d1fe8932551d80b23e9d393a8578c5633a2ed39a64861638",
-                "sha256:456048c7e371c089d0a77a5212fb37a2c2dce1e24146e3b7e0261736aaeaa22a"
-            ],
-            "version": "==2018.8.24"
-        },
-        "chardet": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:84ab92ed1c4d4f16916e05906b6b75a6c0fb5db821cc65e70cbd64a3e2a5eaae",
-                "sha256:fc323ffcaeaed0e0a02bf4d117757b98aed530d9ed4531e3e15460124c106691"
-            ],
-            "version": "==3.0.4"
-        },
-        "graphene": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:b8ec446d17fa68721636eaad3d6adc1a378cb6323e219814c8f98c9928fc9642",
-                "sha256:faa26573b598b22ffd274e2fd7a4c52efa405dcca96e01a62239482246248aa3"
-            ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==2.1.3"
-        },
-        "graphql-core": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:889e869be5574d02af77baf1f30b5db9ca2959f1c9f5be7b2863ead5a3ec6181",
-                "sha256:9462e22e32c7f03b667373ec0a84d95fba10e8ce2ead08f29fbddc63b671b0c1"
-            ],
-            "version": "==2.1"
-        },
-        "graphql-relay": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:2716b7245d97091af21abf096fabafac576905096d21ba7118fba722596f65db"
-            ],
-            "version": "==0.4.5"
-        },
-        "idna": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:156a6814fb5ac1fc6850fb002e0852d56c0c8d2531923a51032d1b70760e186e",
-                "sha256:684a38a6f903c1d71d6d5fac066b58d7768af4de2b832e426ec79c30daa94a16"
-            ],
-            "version": "==2.7"
-        },
-        "promise": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:2ebbfc10b7abf6354403ed785fe4f04b9dfd421eb1a474ac8d187022228332af",
-                "sha256:348f5f6c3edd4fd47c9cd65aed03ac1b31136d375aa63871a57d3e444c85655c"
-            ],
-            "version": "==2.2.1"
-        },
-        "pyyaml": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:254bf6fda2b7c651837acb2c718e213df29d531eebf00edb54743d10bcb694eb",
-                "sha256:3108529b78577327d15eec243f0ff348a0640b0c3478d67ad7f5648f93bac3e2",
-                "sha256:3c17fb92c8ba2f525e4b5f7941d850e7a48c3a59b32d331e2502a3cdc6648e76",
-                "sha256:8d6d96001aa7f0a6a4a95e8143225b5d06e41b1131044913fecb8f85a125714b",
-                "sha256:c8a88edd93ee29ede719080b2be6cb2333dfee1dccba213b422a9c8e97f2967b"
-            ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==4.2b4"
-        },
-        "requests": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:63b52e3c866428a224f97cab011de738c36aec0185aa91cfacd418b5d58911d1",
-                "sha256:ec22d826a36ed72a7358ff3fe56cbd4ba69dd7a6718ffd450ff0e9df7a47ce6a"
-            ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==2.19.1"
-        },
-        "requests-wsgi-adapter": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:7080c98ae2614b8d0b7339b611d97a535470d2fb479731f7d588d5f8108ea134"
-            ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==0.4.0"
-        },
-        "rx": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:13a1d8d9e252625c173dc795471e614eadfe1cf40ffc684e08b8fff0d9748c23",
-                "sha256:7357592bc7e881a95e0c2013b73326f704953301ab551fbc8133a6fadab84105"
-            ],
-            "version": "==1.6.1"
-        },
-        "six": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:70e8a77beed4562e7f14fe23a786b54f6296e34344c23bc42f07b15018ff98e9",
-                "sha256:832dc0e10feb1aa2c68dcc57dbb658f1c7e65b9b61af69048abc87a2db00a0eb"
-            ],
-            "version": "==1.11.0"
-        },
-        "urllib3": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:a68ac5e15e76e7e5dd2b8f94007233e01effe3e50e8daddf69acfd81cb686baf",
-                "sha256:b5725a0bd4ba422ab0e66e89e030c806576753ea3ee08554382c14e685d117b5"
-            ],
-            "markers": "python_version < '4' and python_version != '3.3.*' and python_version != '3.2.*' and python_version != '3.0.*' and python_version != '3.1.*' and python_version >= '2.6'",
-            "version": "==1.23"
-        },
-        "waitress": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:40b0f297a7f3af61fbfbdc67e59090c70dc150a1601c39ecc9f5f1d283fb931b",
-                "sha256:d33cd3d62426c0f1b3cd84ee3d65779c7003aae3fc060dee60524d10a57f05a9"
-            ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==1.1.0"
-        },
-        "werkzeug": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:c3fd7a7d41976d9f44db327260e263132466836cef6f91512889ed60ad26557c",
-                "sha256:d5da73735293558eb1651ee2fddc4d0dedcfa06538b8813a2e20011583c9e49b"
-            ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==0.14.1"
-        },
-        "whitenoise": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:133a92ff0ab8fb9509f77d4f7d0de493eca19c6fea973f4195d4184f888f2e02",
-                "sha256:32b57d193478908a48acb66bf73e7a3c18679263e3e64bfebcfac1144a430039"
-            ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==4.1"
-        }
-    },
-    "develop": {
-        "appdirs": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:9e5896d1372858f8dd3344faf4e5014d21849c756c8d5701f78f8a103b372d92",
-                "sha256:d8b24664561d0d34ddfaec54636d502d7cea6e29c3eaf68f3df6180863e2166e"
-            ],
-            "version": "==1.4.3"
-        },
-        "atomicwrites": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:0312ad34fcad8fac3704d441f7b317e50af620823353ec657a53e981f92920c0",
-                "sha256:ec9ae8adaae229e4f8446952d204a3e4b5fdd2d099f9be3aaf556120135fb3ee"
-            ],
-            "markers": "python_version != '3.2.*' and python_version >= '2.7' and python_version != '3.3.*' and python_version != '3.0.*' and python_version != '3.1.*'",
-            "version": "==1.2.1"
-        },
-        "attrs": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:10cbf6e27dbce8c30807caf056c8eb50917e0eaafe86347671b57254006c3e69",
-                "sha256:ca4be454458f9dec299268d472aaa5a11f67a4ff70093396e1ceae9c76cf4bbb"
-            ],
-            "version": "==18.2.0"
-        },
-        "black": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:817243426042db1d36617910df579a54f1afd659adb96fc5032fcf4b36209739",
-                "sha256:e030a9a28f542debc08acceb273f228ac422798e5215ba2a791a6ddeaaca22a5"
-            ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==18.9b0"
-        },
-        "click": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:2335065e6395b9e67ca716de5f7526736bfa6ceead690adf616d925bdc622b13",
-                "sha256:5b94b49521f6456670fdb30cd82a4eca9412788a93fa6dd6df72c94d5a8ff2d7"
-            ],
-            "markers": "python_version != '3.3.*' and python_version != '3.0.*' and python_version != '3.2.*' and python_version != '3.1.*' and python_version >= '2.7'",
-            "version": "==7.0"
-        },
-        "colorama": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:463f8483208e921368c9f306094eb6f725c6ca42b0f97e313cb5d5512459feda",
-                "sha256:48eb22f4f8461b1df5734a074b57042430fb06e1d61bd1e11b078c0fe6d7a1f1"
-            ],
-            "markers": "sys_platform == 'win32'",
-            "version": "==0.3.9"
-        },
-        "flake8": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:7253265f7abd8b313e3892944044a365e3f4ac3fcdcfb4298f55ee9ddf188ba0",
-                "sha256:c7841163e2b576d435799169b78703ad6ac1bbb0f199994fc05f700b2a90ea37"
-            ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==3.5.0"
-        },
-        "mccabe": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:ab8a6258860da4b6677da4bd2fe5dc2c659cff31b3ee4f7f5d64e79735b80d42",
-                "sha256:dd8d182285a0fe56bace7f45b5e7d1a6ebcbf524e8f3bd87eb0f125271b8831f"
-            ],
-            "version": "==0.6.1"
-        },
-        "more-itertools": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:c187a73da93e7a8acc0001572aebc7e3c69daf7bf6881a2cea10650bd4420092",
-                "sha256:c476b5d3a34e12d40130bc2f935028b5f636df8f372dc2c1c01dc19681b2039e",
-                "sha256:fcbfeaea0be121980e15bc97b3817b5202ca73d0eae185b4550cbfce2a3ebb3d"
-            ],
-            "version": "==4.3.0"
-        },
-        "pluggy": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:6e3836e39f4d36ae72840833db137f7b7d35105079aee6ec4a62d9f80d594dd1",
-                "sha256:95eb8364a4708392bae89035f45341871286a333f749c3141c20573d2b3876e1"
-            ],
-            "markers": "python_version != '3.2.*' and python_version >= '2.7' and python_version != '3.3.*' and python_version != '3.0.*' and python_version != '3.1.*'",
-            "version": "==0.7.1"
-        },
-        "py": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:06a30435d058473046be836d3fc4f27167fd84c45b99704f2fb5509ef61f9af1",
-                "sha256:50402e9d1c9005d759426988a492e0edaadb7f4e68bcddfea586bc7432d009c6"
-            ],
-            "markers": "python_version != '3.2.*' and python_version >= '2.7' and python_version != '3.3.*' and python_version != '3.0.*' and python_version != '3.1.*'",
-            "version": "==1.6.0"
-        },
-        "pycodestyle": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:682256a5b318149ca0d2a9185d365d8864a768a28db66a84a2ea946bcc426766",
-                "sha256:6c4245ade1edfad79c3446fadfc96b0de2759662dc29d07d80a6f27ad1ca6ba9"
-            ],
-            "version": "==2.3.1"
-        },
-        "pyflakes": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:08bd6a50edf8cffa9fa09a463063c425ecaaf10d1eb0335a7e8b1401aef89e6f",
-                "sha256:8d616a382f243dbf19b54743f280b80198be0bca3a5396f1d2e1fca6223e8805"
-            ],
-            "version": "==1.6.0"
-        },
-        "pytest": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:7e258ee50338f4e46957f9e09a0f10fb1c2d05493fa901d113a8dafd0790de4e",
-                "sha256:9332147e9af2dcf46cd7ceb14d5acadb6564744ddff1fe8c17f0ce60ece7d9a2"
-            ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==3.8.2"
-        },
-        "six": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:70e8a77beed4562e7f14fe23a786b54f6296e34344c23bc42f07b15018ff98e9",
-                "sha256:832dc0e10feb1aa2c68dcc57dbb658f1c7e65b9b61af69048abc87a2db00a0eb"
-            ],
-            "version": "==1.11.0"
-        },
-        "toml": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:229f81c57791a41d65e399fc06bf0848bab550a9dfd5ed66df18ce5f05e73d5c",
-                "sha256:235682dd292d5899d361a811df37e04a8828a5b1da3115886b73cf81ebc9100e"
-            ],
-            "version": "==0.10.0"
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -1,35 +1,109 @@
-# Responder: a Sorta Familar HTTP Framework for Python
+# Responder

-![](https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1937/30196007887_604e2f10d8_k_d.jpg)
+A familiar HTTP Service Framework for Python, powered by [Starlette](https://www.starlette.io/).

-I'm adept to keep the "for humans" tagline off this project, until it comes out of the prototyping phase. I'm building this to learn, and to have fun -- while, at the same time, trying to bring something new to the table.
+```python
+import responder

-The Python world certianly doesn't need more web frameworks. But, it does need more creativity, so I thought I'd bring some of my ideas to the table and see what I could come up with.
+api = responder.API()

-# The Basic Idea
+@api.route("/{greeting}")
+async def greet_world(req, resp, *, greeting):
+    resp.text = f"{greeting}, world!"

-The primary concept here is to bring the nicities that are brought forth from both Flask and Falcon and unify them into a single framework, along with some new ideas I have. I also wanted to take some of the API primitaves that are instilled in the Requests library and put them into a web framework. So, you'll find a lot of parallels here with Requests.
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    api.run()
+```

-## Old Ideas
+    $ pip install responder

- Flask-style route expression, with new capabilities -- primarily, the ability to cast a parameter to integers as well as other types that are missing from Flask, all while using Python 3.6+'s new f-string syntax.
+That's it. Supports Python 3.9+.

- I love Falcon's "every request and response is passed into to each view and mutated" methodology, especially `response.media`, and have used it here. In addition to supporting JSON, I have decided to support YAML as well, as Kubernetes is slowly taking over the world, and it uses YAML for all the things. Content-negotiation and all that.
+## The Basics

-## New Ideas
+- `resp.text` sends back text. `resp.html` sends back HTML. `resp.content` sends back bytes.
+- `resp.media` sends back JSON (or YAML, with content negotiation).
+- `resp.file("path.pdf")` serves a file with automatic content-type detection.
+- `req.headers` is case-insensitive. `req.params` gives you query parameters.
+- Both sync and async views work — the `async` is optional.

- **A built in testing client that uses the actual Requests you know and love**.
- In addition to Falcon's `on_get`, `on_post`, etc methods, Responder features an `on_request` method, which gets called on every type of request, much like Requests.
- WhiteNoise is built-in, for serving static files (this has yet to be built out, there's no templating or `static_url` yet)
- Waitress (will-be) built-in as a production web server. I would have chosen Gunicorn, but it doesn't run on Windows. Plus, Waitress serves well to protect against slowloris attacks, making nginx unneccessary in production.
- GraphQL support, via Graphene. The goal here is to eventually have an embedded version of GraphiQL exposable at any route.
+## Highlights

-## Future Ideas
+```python
+# Type-safe route parameters
+@api.route("/users/{user_id:int}")
+async def get_user(req, resp, *, user_id):
+    resp.media = {"id": user_id}

- I want to be able to "mount" any WSGI app into a sub-route.
- Cooke-based sessions are currently an afterthrought, as this is an API framework, but websites are APIs too.
- Potentially support ASGI instead of WSGI. Will the tradeoffs be worth it? This is a question to ask. Procedural code works well for 90% use cases.
+# HTTP method filtering
+@api.route("/items", methods=["POST"])
+async def create_item(req, resp):
+    data = await req.media()
+    resp.media = {"created": data}

-# The Goal
+# Class-based views
+@api.route("/things/{id}")
+class ThingResource:
+    def on_get(self, req, resp, *, id):
+        resp.media = {"id": id}
+    def on_post(self, req, resp, *, id):
+        resp.text = "created"

-The primary goal here is to learn, not to get adoption. Though, who knows how these things will pan out.
+# Before-request hooks (auth, rate limiting, etc.)
+@api.route(before_request=True)
+def check_auth(req, resp):
+    if not req.headers.get("Authorization"):
+        resp.status_code = 401
+        resp.media = {"error": "unauthorized"}
+
+# Custom error handling
+@api.exception_handler(ValueError)
+async def handle_error(req, resp, exc):
+    resp.status_code = 400
+    resp.media = {"error": str(exc)}
+
+# Lifespan events
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def lifespan(app):
+    print("starting up")
+    yield
+    print("shutting down")
+
+api = responder.API(lifespan=lifespan)
+
+# GraphQL
+import graphene
+api.graphql("/graphql", schema=graphene.Schema(query=Query))
+
+# WebSockets
+@api.route("/ws", websocket=True)
+async def websocket(ws):
+    await ws.accept()
+    while True:
+        name = await ws.receive_text()
+        await ws.send_text(f"Hello {name}!")
+
+# Mount WSGI/ASGI apps
+from flask import Flask
+flask_app = Flask(__name__)
+api.mount("/flask", flask_app)
+
+# Background tasks
+@api.route("/work")
+def do_work(req, resp):
+    @api.background.task
+    def process():
+        import time; time.sleep(10)
+    process()
+    resp.media = {"status": "processing"}
+```
+
+Built-in OpenAPI docs, cookie-based sessions, gzip compression, static file serving, Jinja2 templates, and a production uvicorn server.
+
+Route convertors: `str`, `int`, `float`, `uuid`, `path`.
+
+## Documentation
+
+https://responder.kennethreitz.org
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-import responder
-import graphene
-
-api = responder.API(static="static")
-# api.mount('/subapp', other_wsgi_app)
-
-
-@api.route("/")
-def hello(req, resp):
-    print(resp)
-    # resp.status = responder.status.ok
-    resp.media = {"hello": "world"}
-
-
-class ThingsResource:
-    def on_request(self, req, resp):
-        resp.status = responder.status.HTTP_200
-        resp.media = ["ylolo"]
-
-
-class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
-    hello = graphene.String(name=graphene.String(default_value="stranger"))
-
-    def resolve_hello(self, info, name):
-        return "Hello " + name
-
-
-schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query)
-
-
-class GraphQLResource(responder.GraphQLSchema):
-    import graphene
-
-    def on_request(self, req, resp):
-        resp.status = responder.status.HTTP_200
-        print(schema.execute("{ hello }").data)
-
-        resp.media = ["yolo"]
-
-
-# Alerntatively,
-api.add_route("/2", GraphQLResource)
-api.add_route("/graph", schema)
-
-print(
-    api.session()
-    .get(
-        "http://app/graph?query={ hello }",
-        headers={"Accept": "application/x-yaml"},
-        # data="hello",
-    )
-    .text
-)
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Minimal makefile for Sphinx documentation
+#
+
+# You can set these variables from the command line.
+SPHINXOPTS    =
+SPHINXBUILD   = sphinx-build
+SOURCEDIR     = source
+BUILDDIR      = build
+
+# Put it first so that "make" without argument is like "make help".
+help:
+	@$(SPHINXBUILD) -M help "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O)
+
+.PHONY: help Makefile
+
+# Catch-all target: route all unknown targets to Sphinx using the new
+# "make mode" option.  $(O) is meant as a shortcut for $(SPHINXOPTS).
+%: Makefile
+	@$(SPHINXBUILD) -M $@ "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O)
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+@ECHO OFF
+
+pushd %~dp0
+
+REM Command file for Sphinx documentation
+
+if "%SPHINXBUILD%" == "" (
+	set SPHINXBUILD=sphinx-build
+)
+set SOURCEDIR=source
+set BUILDDIR=build
+
+if "%1" == "" goto help
+
+%SPHINXBUILD% >NUL 2>NUL
+if errorlevel 9009 (
+	echo.
+	echo.The 'sphinx-build' command was not found. Make sure you have Sphinx
+	echo.installed, then set the SPHINXBUILD environment variable to point
+	echo.to the full path of the 'sphinx-build' executable. Alternatively you
+	echo.may add the Sphinx directory to PATH.
+	echo.
+	echo.If you don't have Sphinx installed, grab it from
+	echo.http://sphinx-doc.org/
+	exit /b 1
+)
+
+%SPHINXBUILD% -M %1 %SOURCEDIR% %BUILDDIR% %SPHINXOPTS%
+goto end
+
+:help
+%SPHINXBUILD% -M help %SOURCEDIR% %BUILDDIR% %SPHINXOPTS%
+
+:end
+popd
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+/* Hide module name and default value for environment variable section */
+div[id$="environment-variables"] code.descclassname {
+  display: none;
+}
+div[id$="environment-variables"] em.property {
+  display: none;
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+/*
+	Copyright (C) 2011-2018 Hoefler & Co.
+	This software is the property of Hoefler & Co. (H&Co).
+	Your right to access and use this software is subject to the
+	applicable License Agreement, or Terms of Service, that exists
+	between you and H&Co. If no such agreement exists, you may not
+	access or use this software for any purpose.
+	This software may only be hosted at the locations specified in
+	the applicable License Agreement or Terms of Service, and only
+	for the purposes expressly set forth therein. You may not copy,
+	modify, convert, create derivative works from or distribute this
+	software in any way, or make it accessible to any third party,
+	without first obtaining the written permission of H&Co.
+	For more information, please visit us at http://typography.com.
+	148887-130097-20181011
+*/
+
+<!-- sorry your browser is not supported. -->
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+/*
+	Copyright (C) 2011-2018 Hoefler & Co.
+	This software is the property of Hoefler & Co. (H&Co).
+	Your right to access and use this software is subject to the
+	applicable License Agreement, or Terms of Service, that exists
+	between you and H&Co. If no such agreement exists, you may not
+	access or use this software for any purpose.
+	This software may only be hosted at the locations specified in
+	the applicable License Agreement or Terms of Service, and only
+	for the purposes expressly set forth therein. You may not copy,
+	modify, convert, create derivative works from or distribute this
+	software in any way, or make it accessible to any third party,
+	without first obtaining the written permission of H&Co.
+	For more information, please visit us at http://typography.com.
+	148887-130097-20181011
+*/
+
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Mercury Text G1 A";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/AA83D0999C9464BC6.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/AA83D0999C9464BC6.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 400;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Mercury Text G1 4r";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/AA83D0999C9464BC6.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/AA83D0999C9464BC6.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 400;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Mercury Text G1 A";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/005CED86771E6F899.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/005CED86771E6F899.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: italic;
+  font-weight: 400;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Mercury Text G1 4i";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/005CED86771E6F899.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/005CED86771E6F899.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: italic;
+  font-weight: 400;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Mercury Text G1 A";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/40351B0A9DF3B9622.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/40351B0A9DF3B9622.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Mercury Text G1 6r";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/40351B0A9DF3B9622.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/40351B0A9DF3B9622.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Mercury Text G1 A";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/3A39878E22934F8AD.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/3A39878E22934F8AD.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: italic;
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Mercury Text G1 6i";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/3A39878E22934F8AD.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/3A39878E22934F8AD.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: italic;
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Mercury Text G1 A";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/DD7AD6D5FDE05ABCA.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/DD7AD6D5FDE05ABCA.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 700;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Mercury Text G1 7r";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/DD7AD6D5FDE05ABCA.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/DD7AD6D5FDE05ABCA.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 700;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Mercury Text G1 A";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/777143010DB6642D4.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/777143010DB6642D4.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: italic;
+  font-weight: 700;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Mercury Text G1 7i";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/777143010DB6642D4.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/777143010DB6642D4.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: italic;
+  font-weight: 700;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Operator Mono SSm A";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/4A801A74B6CEC6B76.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/4A801A74B6CEC6B76.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 400;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Operator Mono SSm 4r";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/4A801A74B6CEC6B76.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/4A801A74B6CEC6B76.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 400;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Operator Mono SSm A";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/7E9ADDBCA2C8BD433.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/7E9ADDBCA2C8BD433.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: italic;
+  font-weight: 400;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Operator Mono SSm 4i";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/7E9ADDBCA2C8BD433.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/7E9ADDBCA2C8BD433.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: italic;
+  font-weight: 400;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Operator Mono SSm A";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/13B223000FA5C8685.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/13B223000FA5C8685.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 700;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Operator Mono SSm 7r";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/13B223000FA5C8685.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/13B223000FA5C8685.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 700;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Operator Mono SSm A";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/0AC552691F872135E.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/0AC552691F872135E.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: italic;
+  font-weight: 700;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Operator Mono SSm 7i";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/0AC552691F872135E.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/0AC552691F872135E.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: italic;
+  font-weight: 700;
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+/*
+	Copyright (C) 2011-2018 Hoefler & Co.
+	This software is the property of Hoefler & Co. (H&Co).
+	Your right to access and use this software is subject to the
+	applicable License Agreement, or Terms of Service, that exists
+	between you and H&Co. If no such agreement exists, you may not
+	access or use this software for any purpose.
+	This software may only be hosted at the locations specified in
+	the applicable License Agreement or Terms of Service, and only
+	for the purposes expressly set forth therein. You may not copy,
+	modify, convert, create derivative works from or distribute this
+	software in any way, or make it accessible to any third party,
+	without first obtaining the written permission of H&Co.
+	For more information, please visit us at http://typography.com.
+	148887-130097-20181011
+*/
+
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Mercury Text G1 A";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/7D0605C11BA3A93EF.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/7D0605C11BA3A93EF.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 400;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Mercury Text G1 4r";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/7D0605C11BA3A93EF.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/7D0605C11BA3A93EF.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 400;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Mercury Text G1 A";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/81A13EBFC10447CAC.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/81A13EBFC10447CAC.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: italic;
+  font-weight: 400;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Mercury Text G1 4i";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/81A13EBFC10447CAC.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/81A13EBFC10447CAC.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: italic;
+  font-weight: 400;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Mercury Text G1 A";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/25E3F5D50DDE1C555.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/25E3F5D50DDE1C555.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Mercury Text G1 6r";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/25E3F5D50DDE1C555.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/25E3F5D50DDE1C555.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Mercury Text G1 A";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/F526A6C670B9765E2.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/F526A6C670B9765E2.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: italic;
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Mercury Text G1 6i";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/F526A6C670B9765E2.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/F526A6C670B9765E2.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: italic;
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Mercury Text G1 A";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/7DCD4B5CCAEE3223E.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/7DCD4B5CCAEE3223E.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 700;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Mercury Text G1 7r";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/7DCD4B5CCAEE3223E.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/7DCD4B5CCAEE3223E.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 700;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Mercury Text G1 A";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/C08332ABD7F145352.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/C08332ABD7F145352.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: italic;
+  font-weight: 700;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Mercury Text G1 7i";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/C08332ABD7F145352.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/C08332ABD7F145352.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: italic;
+  font-weight: 700;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Operator Mono SSm A";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/C579DF5B35B145D49.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/C579DF5B35B145D49.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 400;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Operator Mono SSm 4r";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/C579DF5B35B145D49.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/C579DF5B35B145D49.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 400;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Operator Mono SSm A";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/E3597D43523236FD8.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/E3597D43523236FD8.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: italic;
+  font-weight: 400;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Operator Mono SSm 4i";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/E3597D43523236FD8.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/E3597D43523236FD8.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: italic;
+  font-weight: 400;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Operator Mono SSm A";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/3CBFC66855DD9B6EA.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/3CBFC66855DD9B6EA.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 700;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Operator Mono SSm 7r";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/3CBFC66855DD9B6EA.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/3CBFC66855DD9B6EA.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 700;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Operator Mono SSm A";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/09E151FC31ECEF374.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/09E151FC31ECEF374.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: italic;
+  font-weight: 700;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "Operator Mono SSm 7i";
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/09E151FC31ECEF374.eot");
+  src: url("http://python-responder.org/en/latest/_static/fonts/692185/09E151FC31ECEF374.eot?#hco")
+    format("embedded-opentype");
+  font-style: italic;
+  font-weight: 700;
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+/*
+	Copyright (C) 2011-2018 Hoefler & Co.
+	This software is the property of Hoefler & Co. (H&Co).
+	Your right to access and use this software is subject to the
+	applicable License Agreement, or Terms of Service, that exists
+	between you and H&Co. If no such agreement exists, you may not
+	access or use this software for any purpose.
+	This software may only be hosted at the locations specified in
+	the applicable License Agreement or Terms of Service, and only
+	for the purposes expressly set forth therein. You may not copy,
+	modify, convert, create derivative works from or distribute this
+	software in any way, or make it accessible to any third party,
+	without first obtaining the written permission of H&Co.
+	For more information, please visit us at http://typography.com.
+	148887-130097-20181011
+*/
+
+<!-- sorry your browser is not supported. -->
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+/*
+ * Konami-JS ~
+ * :: Now with support for touch events and multiple instances for
+ * :: those situations that call for multiple easter eggs!
+ * Code: https://github.com/snaptortoise/konami-js
+ * Copyright (c) 2009 George Mandis (georgemandis.com, snaptortoise.com)
+ * Version: 1.6.2 (7/17/2018)
+ * Licensed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+ * Tested in: Safari 4+, Google Chrome 4+, Firefox 3+, IE7+, Mobile Safari 2.2.1+ and Android
+ */
+
+var Konami = function (callback) {
+  var konami = {
+    addEvent: function (obj, type, fn, ref_obj) {
+      if (obj.addEventListener) obj.addEventListener(type, fn, false);
+      else if (obj.attachEvent) {
+        // IE
+        obj["e" + type + fn] = fn;
+        obj[type + fn] = function () {
+          obj["e" + type + fn](window.event, ref_obj);
+        };
+        obj.attachEvent("on" + type, obj[type + fn]);
+      }
+    },
+    removeEvent: function (obj, eventName, eventCallback) {
+      if (obj.removeEventListener) {
+        obj.removeEventListener(eventName, eventCallback);
+      } else if (obj.attachEvent) {
+        obj.detachEvent(eventName);
+      }
+    },
+    input: "",
+    pattern: "38384040373937396665",
+    keydownHandler: function (e, ref_obj) {
+      if (ref_obj) {
+        konami = ref_obj;
+      } // IE
+      konami.input += e ? e.keyCode : event.keyCode;
+      if (konami.input.length > konami.pattern.length) {
+        konami.input = konami.input.substr(konami.input.length - konami.pattern.length);
+      }
+      if (konami.input === konami.pattern) {
+        konami.code(konami._currentLink);
+        konami.input = "";
+        e.preventDefault();
+        return false;
+      }
+    },
+    load: function (link) {
+      this._currentLink = link;
+      this.addEvent(document, "keydown", this.keydownHandler, this);
+      this.iphone.load(link);
+    },
+    unload: function () {
+      this.removeEvent(document, "keydown", this.keydownHandler);
+      this.iphone.unload();
+    },
+    code: function (link) {
+      window.location = link;
+    },
+    iphone: {
+      start_x: 0,
+      start_y: 0,
+      stop_x: 0,
+      stop_y: 0,
+      tap: false,
+      capture: false,
+      orig_keys: "",
+      keys: [
+        "UP",
+        "UP",
+        "DOWN",
+        "DOWN",
+        "LEFT",
+        "RIGHT",
+        "LEFT",
+        "RIGHT",
+        "TAP",
+        "TAP",
+      ],
+      input: [],
+      code: function (link) {
+        konami.code(link);
+      },
+      touchmoveHandler: function (e) {
+        if (e.touches.length === 1 && konami.iphone.capture === true) {
+          var touch = e.touches[0];
+          konami.iphone.stop_x = touch.pageX;
+          konami.iphone.stop_y = touch.pageY;
+          konami.iphone.tap = false;
+          konami.iphone.capture = false;
+          konami.iphone.check_direction();
+        }
+      },
+      touchendHandler: function () {
+        konami.iphone.input.push(konami.iphone.check_direction());
+
+        if (konami.iphone.input.length > konami.iphone.keys.length)
+          konami.iphone.input.shift();
+
+        if (konami.iphone.input.length === konami.iphone.keys.length) {
+          var match = true;
+          for (var i = 0; i < konami.iphone.keys.length; i++) {
+            if (konami.iphone.input[i] !== konami.iphone.keys[i]) {
+              match = false;
+            }
+          }
+          if (match) {
+            konami.iphone.code(konami._currentLink);
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      touchstartHandler: function (e) {
+        konami.iphone.start_x = e.changedTouches[0].pageX;
+        konami.iphone.start_y = e.changedTouches[0].pageY;
+        konami.iphone.tap = true;
+        konami.iphone.capture = true;
+      },
+      load: function (link) {
+        this.orig_keys = this.keys;
+        konami.addEvent(document, "touchmove", this.touchmoveHandler);
+        konami.addEvent(document, "touchend", this.touchendHandler, false);
+        konami.addEvent(document, "touchstart", this.touchstartHandler);
+      },
+      unload: function () {
+        konami.removeEvent(document, "touchmove", this.touchmoveHandler);
+        konami.removeEvent(document, "touchend", this.touchendHandler);
+        konami.removeEvent(document, "touchstart", this.touchstartHandler);
+      },
+      check_direction: function () {
+        x_magnitude = Math.abs(this.start_x - this.stop_x);
+        y_magnitude = Math.abs(this.start_y - this.stop_y);
+        x = this.start_x - this.stop_x < 0 ? "RIGHT" : "LEFT";
+        y = this.start_y - this.stop_y < 0 ? "DOWN" : "UP";
+        result = x_magnitude > y_magnitude ? x : y;
+        result = this.tap === true ? "TAP" : result;
+        return result;
+      },
+    },
+  };
+
+  typeof callback === "string" && konami.load(callback);
+  if (typeof callback === "function") {
+    konami.code = callback;
+    konami.load();
+  }
+
+  return konami;
+};
+
+if (typeof module !== "undefined" && typeof module.exports !== "undefined") {
+  module.exports = Konami;
+} else {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define([], function () {
+      return Konami;
+    });
+  } else {
+    window.Konami = Konami;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+<link
+  rel="stylesheet"
+  type="text/css"
+  href="https://cloud.typography.com/7584432/7586812/css/fonts.css"
+/>
+<script async defer src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script>
+
+<script type="text/javascript">
+  $("#searchbox").hide(0);
+</script>
+<!--Alabaster (krTheme++) Hacks -->
+
+<!-- CSS Adjustments (I'm very picky.) -->
+<style type="text/css">
+  /* Rezzy requires precise alignment. */
+  img.logo {
+    margin-left: -20px !important;
+  }
+
+  h1 {
+    font-family: "Mercury Text G1 A", "Mercury Text G1 B" !important;
+    font-style: normal !important;
+    font-weight: 600 !important;
+  }
+
+  .section {
+    font-family: "Mercury Text G1 A", "Mercury Text G1 B" !important;
+    font-style: normal !important;
+    font-weight: 400 !important;
+  }
+
+  pre,
+  .pre,
+  .class em,
+  .descname,
+  .method em {
+    font-family: "Operator Mono SSm A", "Operator Mono SSm B", monospace !important;
+    font-weight: 400 !important;
+  }
+
+  .property {
+    color: lightgrey !important;
+  }
+
+  .method .descname {
+    color: #220a54;
+  }
+
+  .method {
+    margin-bottom: 2em;
+  }
+
+  .si,
+  .s2,
+  .s1,
+  .method em,
+  .class em {
+    font-style: italic !important;
+    color: grey;
+  }
+
+  .method em,
+  .class em {
+    margin-left: 0.3em;
+    margin-right: 0.3em;
+  }
+
+  .method p,
+  .class p {
+    font-family: "Mercury Text G1 A", "Mercury Text G1 B";
+    font-style: italic !important;
+    font-weight: 400 !important;
+    font-size: 1.15em;
+  }
+
+  .method p:first,
+  .class p:first {
+    background: #fffcbf;
+  }
+
+  .class .property {
+    display: none;
+  }
+
+  #testimonials p.attribution {
+    margin-top: -1em;
+  }
+
+  /* "Quick Search" should be not be shown for now. */
+  div#searchbox h3 {
+    display: none;
+  }
+
+  /* Make the document a little wider, less code is cut-off. */
+  div.document {
+    width: 1008px;
+  }
+
+  /* Much-improved spacing around code blocks. */
+  div.highlight pre {
+    padding: 11px 14px;
+  }
+
+  /* Remain Responsive! */
+  @media screen and (max-width: 1008px) {
+    div.sphinxsidebar {
+      display: none;
+    }
+
+    div.document {
+      width: 100% !important;
+    }
+
+    /* Have code blocks escape the document right-margin. */
+    div.highlight pre {
+      margin-right: -30px;
+    }
+  }
+</style>
+
+<!-- Analytics tracking for Kenneth. -->
+<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-127383416-1"></script>
+<script>
+  window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
+  function gtag() {
+    dataLayer.push(arguments);
+  }
+  gtag("js", new Date());
+
+  gtag("config", "UA-127383416-1");
+</script>
+
+<!-- There are no more hacks. -->
+<!--         இڿڰۣ-ڰۣ—         -->
+<!--   Love, Kenneth Reitz    -->
+
+<script src="{{ pathto('_static/', 1) }}/konami.js"></script>
+<script>
+  var easter_egg = new Konami(
+    "https://www.myfortunecookie.co.uk/fortunes/" +
+      (Math.floor(Math.random() * 152) + 1)
+  );
+</script>
+
+<style>
+  .injected {
+    display: none !important;
+  }
+</style>
+
+<!-- GitHub Logo -->
+<a
+  href="https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder"
+  class="github-corner"
+  aria-label="View source on GitHub"
+>
+  <svg
+    width="80"
+    height="80"
+    viewBox="0 0 250 250"
+    style="fill: #151513; color: #fff; position: absolute; top: 0; border: 0; right: 0"
+    aria-hidden="true"
+  >
+    <path d="M0,0 L115,115 L130,115 L142,142 L250,250 L250,0 Z"></path>
+    <path
+      d="M128.3,109.0 C113.8,99.7 119.0,89.6 119.0,89.6 C122.0,82.7 120.5,78.6 120.5,78.6 C119.2,72.0 123.4,76.3 123.4,76.3 C127.3,80.9 125.5,87.3 125.5,87.3 C122.9,97.6 130.6,101.9 134.4,103.2"
+      fill="currentColor"
+      style="transform-origin: 130px 106px"
+      class="octo-arm"
+    ></path>
+    <path
+      d="M115.0,115.0 C114.9,115.1 118.7,116.5 119.8,115.4 L133.7,101.6 C136.9,99.2 139.9,98.4 142.2,98.6 C133.8,88.0 127.5,74.4 143.8,58.0 C148.5,53.4 154.0,51.2 159.7,51.0 C160.3,49.4 163.2,43.6 171.4,40.1 C171.4,40.1 176.1,42.5 178.8,56.2 C183.1,58.6 187.2,61.8 190.9,65.4 C194.5,69.0 197.7,73.2 200.1,77.6 C213.8,80.2 216.3,84.9 216.3,84.9 C212.7,93.1 206.9,96.0 205.4,96.6 C205.1,102.4 203.0,107.8 198.3,112.5 C181.9,128.9 168.3,122.5 157.7,114.1 C157.9,116.9 156.7,120.9 152.7,124.9 L141.0,136.5 C139.8,137.7 141.6,141.9 141.8,141.8 Z"
+      fill="currentColor"
+      class="octo-body"
+    ></path>
+  </svg>
+</a>
+<style>
+  .github-corner:hover .octo-arm {
+    animation: octocat-wave 560ms ease-in-out;
+  }
+
+  @keyframes octocat-wave {
+    0%,
+    100% {
+      transform: rotate(0);
+    }
+
+    20%,
+    60% {
+      transform: rotate(-25deg);
+    }
+
+    40%,
+    80% {
+      transform: rotate(10deg);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @media (max-width: 500px) {
+    .github-corner:hover .octo-arm {
+      animation: none;
+    }
+
+    .github-corner .octo-arm {
+      animation: octocat-wave 560ms ease-in-out;
+    }
+  }
+</style>
+
+<!-- That was not a hack. That was art.
+
+<!-- UserVoice JavaScript SDK (only needed once on a page) -->
+<script>
+  (function () {
+    var uv = document.createElement("script");
+    uv.type = "text/javascript";
+    uv.async = true;
+    uv.src = "//widget.uservoice.com/f4AQraEfwInlMzkexfRLg.js";
+    var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];
+    s.parentNode.insertBefore(uv, s);
+  })();
+</script>
+
+<!-- A tab to launch the Classic Widget -->
+<script>
+  UserVoice = window.UserVoice || [];
+  UserVoice.push([
+    "showTab",
+    "classic_widget",
+    {
+      mode: "feedback",
+      primary_color: "#fa8c28",
+      link_color: "#0a8cc6",
+      forum_id: 913660,
+      tab_label: "Got feedback?",
+      tab_color: "#00994f",
+      tab_position: "bottom-left",
+      tab_inverted: true,
+    },
+  ]);
+</script>
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+<p class="logo">
+  <a href="{{ pathto(master_doc) }}">
+    <img
+      class="logo"
+      src="{{ pathto('_static/responder.png', 1) }}"
+      title="https://kennethreitz.org/tattoos"
+    />
+  </a>
+</p>
+<p>
+  <a class="github-button"
+     href="https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder"
+     data-color-scheme="no-preference: light; light: light; dark: light;"
+     data-size="large"
+     data-show-count="true"
+     aria-label="Star kennethreitz/responder on GitHub">Star</a>
+</p>
+<link
+  rel="stylesheet"
+  href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsearch.js@2/dist/cdn/docsearch.min.css"
+/>
+<style>
+  .algolia-autocomplete {
+    width: 100%;
+    height: 1.5em;
+  }
+  .algolia-autocomplete a {
+    border-bottom: none !important;
+  }
+  #doc_search {
+    width: 100%;
+    height: 100%;
+  }
+</style>
+<input id="doc_search" placeholder="Search the doc" autofocus />
+<script
+  type="text/javascript"
+  src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsearch.js@2/dist/cdn/docsearch.min.js"
+  onload="docsearch({
+  apiKey: 'ac965312db252e0496283c75c6f76f0b',
+  indexName: 'python-responder',
+  inputSelector: '#doc_search',
+  debug: false // Set debug to true if you want to inspect the dropdown
+})"
+  async
+></script>
+
+<p><strong>Responder</strong> is a web service framework, written for human beings.</p>
+
+<h3>Stay Informed</h3>
+<p>Receive updates on new releases and upcoming projects.</p>
+
+<p>
+  <a class="github-button"
+     href="https://github.com/kennethreitz"
+     data-color-scheme="no-preference: light; light: light; dark: light;"
+     data-size="medium"
+     data-show-count="true"
+     aria-label="Follow @kennethreitz on GitHub">Follow @kennethreitz</a>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  <a
+    href="https://x.com/kennethreitz42"
+    class="twitter-follow-button"
+    data-show-count="false"
+    >Follow @kennethreitz</a
+  >
+  <script>
+    !(function (d, s, id) {
+      var js,
+        fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
+        p = /^http:/.test(d.location) ? "http" : "https";
+      if (!d.getElementById(id)) {
+        js = d.createElement(s);
+        js.id = id;
+        js.src = p + "://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";
+        fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);
+      }
+    })(document, "script", "twitter-wjs");
+  </script>
+</p>
+
+<h3>Useful Links</h3>
+<ul>
+  <li><a href="http://github.com/kennethreitz/responder">Responder @ GitHub</a></li>
+  <li><a href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/responder">Responder @ PyPI</a></li>
+  <li><a href="http://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/issues">Issue Tracker</a></li>
+</ul>
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+<p class="logo">
+  <a href="{{ pathto(master_doc) }}">
+    <img
+      class="logo"
+      src="{{ pathto('_static/responder.png', 1) }}"
+      title="https://kennethreitz.org/tattoos"
+    />
+  </a>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  <iframe
+    src="https://ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=kennethreitz&repo=responder&type=watch&count=true&size=large"
+    allowtransparency="true"
+    frameborder="0"
+    scrolling="0"
+    width="200px"
+    height="35px"
+  ></iframe>
+</p>
+<link
+  rel="stylesheet"
+  href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsearch.js@2/dist/cdn/docsearch.min.css"
+/>
+<style>
+  .algolia-autocomplete {
+    width: 100%;
+    height: 1.5em;
+  }
+  .algolia-autocomplete a {
+    border-bottom: none !important;
+  }
+  #doc_search {
+    width: 100%;
+    height: 100%;
+  }
+</style>
+<input id="doc_search" placeholder="Search the doc" autofocus />
+<script
+  type="text/javascript"
+  src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsearch.js@2/dist/cdn/docsearch.min.js"
+  onload="docsearch({
+  apiKey: 'ac965312db252e0496283c75c6f76f0b',
+  indexName: 'python-responder',
+  inputSelector: '#doc_search',
+  debug: false // Set debug to true if you want to inspect the dropdown
+})"
+  async
+></script>
+
+<p><strong>Responder</strong> is a web service framework, written for human beings.</p>
+
+<h3>Stay Informed</h3>
+<p>Receive updates on new releases and upcoming projects.</p>
+
+<p>
+  <iframe
+    src="https://ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=kennethreitz&type=follow&count=true"
+    allowtransparency="true"
+    frameborder="0"
+    scrolling="0"
+    width="200"
+    height="20"
+  ></iframe>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  <a
+    href="https://x.com/kennethreitz42"
+    class="twitter-follow-button"
+    data-show-count="false"
+    >Follow @kennethreitz</a
+  >
+  <script>
+    !(function (d, s, id) {
+      var js,
+        fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
+        p = /^http:/.test(d.location) ? "http" : "https";
+      if (!d.getElementById(id)) {
+        js = d.createElement(s);
+        js.id = id;
+        js.src = p + "://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";
+        fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);
+      }
+    })(document, "script", "twitter-wjs");
+  </script>
+</p>
+
+<h3>Useful Links</h3>
+<ul>
+  <li><a href="http://github.com/kennethreitz/responder">Responder @ GitHub</a></li>
+  <li><a href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/responder">Responder @ PyPI</a></li>
+  <li><a href="http://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/issues">Issue Tracker</a></li>
+</ul>
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+
+API Documentation
+=================
+
+
+Web Service (API) Class
+-----------------------
+.. module:: responder
+
+.. autoclass:: API
+    :inherited-members:
+
+Requests & Responses
+--------------------
+
+
+.. autoclass:: Request
+    :inherited-members:
+
+.. autoclass:: Response
+    :inherited-members:
+
+
+Utility Functions
+-----------------
+
+.. autofunction:: responder.API.status_codes.is_100
+
+.. autofunction:: responder.API.status_codes.is_200
+
+.. autofunction:: responder.API.status_codes.is_300
+
+.. autofunction:: responder.API.status_codes.is_400
+
+.. autofunction:: responder.API.status_codes.is_500
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Backlog
+
+## Future Ideas
+- Consider adding `after_request` hooks (complement to `before_request`)
+- Explore WebSocket before_request short-circuit support
+- Add rate limiting middleware
+- Consider async template rendering by default
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+Responder CLI
+=============
+
+Responder installs a command line program ``responder``. Use it to launch
+a Responder application from a file or module, either located on a local
+or remote filesystem, or object store.
+
+Launch Module Entrypoint
+------------------------
+
+For loading a Responder application from a Python module, you will refer to
+its ``API()`` instance using a `Python entry point object reference`_ that
+points to a Python object. It is either in the form ``importable.module``,
+or ``importable.module:object.attr``.
+
+A basic invocation command to launch a Responder application:
+
+.. code-block:: shell
+
+    responder run acme.app
+
+The command above assumes a Python package ``acme`` including an ``app``
+module ``acme/app.py`` that includes an attribute ``api`` that refers
+to a ``responder.API`` instance, reflecting the typical layout of
+a standard Responder application.
+
+Loading a Responder application using an entrypoint specification will
+inherit the capacities of `Python's import system`_, as implemented by
+`importlib`_.
+
+Launch Local File
+-----------------
+
+Acquire a minimal example single-file application, ``helloworld.py`` [1]_,
+to your local filesystem, giving you the chance to edit it, and launch the
+Responder HTTP service.
+
+.. code-block:: shell
+
+    wget https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/raw/refs/heads/main/examples/helloworld.py
+    responder run helloworld.py
+
+.. note::
+
+    To validate the example application, invoke a HTTP request, for example using
+    `curl`_, `HTTPie`_, or your favourite browser at hand.
+
+    .. code-block:: shell
+
+        http http://127.0.0.1:5042/Hello
+
+    The response is no surprise.
+
+    ::
+
+        HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+        content-length: 13
+        content-type: text/plain
+        date: Sat, 26 Oct 2024 13:16:55 GMT
+        encoding: utf-8
+        server: uvicorn
+
+        Hello, world!
+
+.. [1] The Responder application `helloworld.py`_ implements a basic echo handler.
+
+Launch Remote File
+------------------
+
+You can also launch a single-file application where its Python file is stored
+on a remote location.
+
+Responder supports all filesystem adapters compatible with `fsspec`_, and
+installs the adapters for Azure Blob Storage (az), Google Cloud Storage (gs),
+GitHub, HTTP, and AWS S3 by default.
+
+.. code-block:: shell
+
+    # Works 1:1.
+    responder run https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/raw/refs/heads/main/examples/helloworld.py
+    responder run github://kennethreitz:responder@/examples/helloworld.py
+
+If you need access other kinds of remote targets, see the `list of
+fsspec-supported filesystems and protocols`_. The next section enumerates
+a few synthetic examples. The corresponding storage buckets do not even
+exist, so don't expect those commands to work.
+
+.. code-block:: shell
+
+    # Azure Blob Storage, Google Cloud Storage, and AWS S3.
+    responder run az://kennethreitz-assets/responder/examples/helloworld.py
+    responder run gs://kennethreitz-assets/responder/examples/helloworld.py
+    responder run s3://kennethreitz-assets/responder/examples/helloworld.py
+
+    # Hadoop Distributed File System (hdfs), SSH File Transfer Protocol (sftp),
+    # Common Internet File System (smb), Web-based Distributed Authoring and
+    # Versioning (webdav).
+    responder run hdfs://kennethreitz-assets/responder/examples/helloworld.py
+    responder run sftp://user@host/kennethreitz/responder/examples/helloworld.py
+    responder run smb://workgroup;user:password@server:port/responder/examples/helloworld.py
+    responder run webdav+https://user:password@server:port/responder/examples/helloworld.py
+
+.. tip::
+
+    In order to install support for all filesystem types supported by fsspec, run:
+
+    .. code-block:: shell
+
+        uv pip install 'fsspec[full]'
+
+    When using ``uv``, this concludes within an acceptable time of approx.
+    25 seconds. If you need to be more selectively instead of using ``full``,
+    choose from one or multiple of the available `fsspec extras`_, which are:
+
+    abfs, arrow, dask, dropbox, fuse, gcs, git, github, hdfs, http, oci, s3,
+    sftp, smb, ssh.
+
+Launch with Non-Standard Instance Name
+--------------------------------------
+
+By default, Responder will acquire an ``responder.API`` instance using the
+symbol name ``api`` from the specified Python module.
+
+If your main application file uses a different name than ``api``, please
+append the designated symbol name to the launch target address.
+
+It works like this for module entrypoints and local files:
+
+.. code-block:: shell
+
+    responder run acme.app:service
+    responder run /path/to/acme/app.py:service
+
+It works like this for URLs:
+
+.. code-block:: shell
+
+    responder run http://app.server.local/path/to/acme/app.py#service
+
+Within your ``app.py``, the instance would have been defined to use
+the ``service`` symbol name instead of ``api``, like this:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    service = responder.API()
+
+Build JavaScript Application
+----------------------------
+
+The ``build`` subcommand invokes ``npm run build``, optionally accepting
+a target directory. By default, it uses the current working directory,
+where it expects a regular NPM ``package.json`` file.
+
+.. code-block:: shell
+
+    responder build
+
+When specifying a target directory, Responder will change to that
+directory beforehand.
+
+.. code-block:: shell
+
+    responder build /path/to/project
+
+
+.. _curl: https://curl.se/
+.. _fsspec: https://filesystem-spec.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
+.. _fsspec extras: https://github.com/fsspec/filesystem_spec/blob/2024.12.0/pyproject.toml#L27-L69
+.. _helloworld.py: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/blob/main/examples/helloworld.py
+.. _HTTPie: https://httpie.io/docs/cli
+.. _importlib: https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html
+.. _list of fsspec-supported filesystems and protocols: https://github.com/fsspec/universal_pathlib#currently-supported-filesystems-and-protocols
+.. _Python entry point object reference: https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/entry-points/
+.. _Python's import system: https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Configuration file for the Sphinx documentation builder.
+#
+# This file does only contain a selection of the most common options. For a
+# full list see the documentation:
+# http://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/config
+
+# -- Path setup --------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
+# add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
+# documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
+#
+# import os
+# import sys
+# sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+
+
+# -- Project information -----------------------------------------------------
+
+project = "responder"
+copyright = "2018-2026, A Kenneth Reitz project"
+author = "Kenneth Reitz"
+
+# The short X.Y version
+import os
+
+# Path hackery to get current version number.
+here = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+
+about = {}
+with open(os.path.join(here, "..", "..", "responder", "__version__.py")) as f:
+    exec(f.read(), about)
+
+version = about["__version__"]
+# The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags
+release = about["__version__"]
+
+
+# -- General configuration ---------------------------------------------------
+
+# If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here.
+#
+# needs_sphinx = '1.0'
+
+# Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be
+# extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
+# ones.
+extensions = [
+    "sphinx.ext.autodoc",
+    "sphinx.ext.doctest",
+    "sphinx.ext.intersphinx",
+    "sphinx.ext.todo",
+    "sphinx.ext.coverage",
+    "sphinx.ext.mathjax",
+    "sphinx.ext.ifconfig",
+    "sphinx.ext.viewcode",
+    "sphinx.ext.githubpages",
+    "myst_parser",
+    "sphinx_copybutton",
+    "sphinx_design",
+    "sphinx_design_elements",
+    "sphinxext.opengraph",
+]
+
+# Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
+templates_path = ["_templates"]
+
+# The suffix(es) of source filenames.
+# You can specify multiple suffix as a list of string:
+#
+# source_suffix = ['.rst', '.md']
+source_suffix = {".rst": "restructuredtext"}
+
+# The master toctree document.
+master_doc = "index"
+
+# The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
+# for a list of supported languages.
+#
+# This is also used if you do content translation via gettext catalogs.
+# Usually you set "language" from the command line for these cases.
+language = "en"
+
+# List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
+# directories to ignore when looking for source files.
+# This pattern also affects html_static_path and html_extra_path.
+exclude_patterns = []
+
+# The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
+pygments_style = None
+
+
+# -- Options for HTML output -------------------------------------------------
+
+# The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.  See the documentation for
+# a list of builtin themes.
+#
+html_theme = "alabaster"
+
+# Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme
+# further.  For a list of options available for each theme, see the
+# documentation.
+#
+html_theme_options = {
+    "show_powered_by": False,
+    "github_user": "kennethreitz",
+    "github_repo": "responder",
+    "github_banner": False,
+    "show_related": False,
+}
+
+
+html_sidebars = {
+    "index": ["sidebarintro.html", "sourcelink.html", "searchbox.html", "hacks.html"],
+    "**": [
+        "sidebarlogo.html",
+        "localtoc.html",
+        "relations.html",
+        "sourcelink.html",
+        "searchbox.html",
+        "hacks.html",
+    ],
+}
+
+# Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
+# relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
+# so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
+html_static_path = ["_static"]
+
+# Custom sidebar templates, must be a dictionary that maps document names
+# to template names.
+#
+# The default sidebars (for documents that don't match any pattern) are
+# defined by theme itself.  Builtin themes are using these templates by
+# default: ``['localtoc.html', 'relations.html', 'sourcelink.html',
+# 'searchbox.html']``.
+#
+# html_sidebars = {}
+
+
+# -- Options for HTMLHelp output ---------------------------------------------
+
+# Output file base name for HTML help builder.
+htmlhelp_basename = "responderdoc"
+
+
+# -- Options for LaTeX output ------------------------------------------------
+
+latex_elements = {
+    # The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
+    #
+    # 'papersize': 'letterpaper',
+    # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
+    #
+    # 'pointsize': '10pt',
+    # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
+    #
+    # 'preamble': '',
+    # Latex figure (float) alignment
+    #
+    # 'figure_align': 'htbp',
+}
+
+# Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
+# (source start file, target name, title,
+#  author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]).
+latex_documents = [
+    (master_doc, "responder.tex", "responder Documentation", "Kenneth Reitz", "manual")
+]
+
+
+# -- Options for manual page output ------------------------------------------
+
+# One entry per manual page. List of tuples
+# (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
+man_pages = [(master_doc, "responder", "responder Documentation", [author], 1)]
+
+
+# -- Options for Texinfo output ----------------------------------------------
+
+# Grouping the document tree into Texinfo files. List of tuples
+# (source start file, target name, title, author,
+#  dir menu entry, description, category)
+texinfo_documents = [
+    (
+        master_doc,
+        "responder",
+        "responder Documentation",
+        author,
+        "responder",
+        "One line description of project.",
+        "Miscellaneous",
+    )
+]
+
+
+# -- Options for Epub output -------------------------------------------------
+
+# Bibliographic Dublin Core info.
+epub_title = project
+
+# The unique identifier of the text. This can be a ISBN number
+# or the project homepage.
+#
+# epub_identifier = ''
+
+# A unique identification for the text.
+#
+# epub_uid = ''
+
+# A list of files that should not be packed into the epub file.
+epub_exclude_files = ["search.html"]
+
+
+# -- Extension configuration -------------------------------------------------
+
+# -- Options for link checker ----------------------------------------------
+linkcheck_ignore = [
+    # Feldroy.com links are ignored because it blocks GHA.
+    r"https://www.feldroy.com/.*",
+]
+linkcheck_anchors_ignore_for_url = [
+    # Requires JavaScript.
+    # After opting-in to new GitHub issues, Sphinx can no longer grok the HTML anchor references.
+    r"https://github.com",
+]
+
+# -- Options for intersphinx extension ---------------------------------------
+
+# Example configuration for intersphinx: refer to the Python standard library.
+intersphinx_mapping = {"python": ("https://docs.python.org/3", None)}
+
+# -- Options for todo extension ----------------------------------------------
+
+# If true, `todo` and `todoList` produce output, else they produce nothing.
+todo_include_todos = True
+
+# -- Options for MyST --------------------------------------------------------
+
+myst_heading_anchors = 3
+myst_enable_extensions = [
+    "attrs_block",
+    "attrs_inline",
+    "colon_fence",
+    "deflist",
+    "fieldlist",
+    "html_admonition",
+    "html_image",
+    "linkify",
+    "replacements",
+    "strikethrough",
+    "substitution",
+    "tasklist",
+]
+myst_substitutions = {}
+
+# -- Options for OpenGraph ---------------------------------------------------
+#
+# When making changes, check them using the RTD PR preview URL on https://www.opengraph.xyz/.
+#
+# About text lengths
+#
+# Original documentation says:
+# - ogp_description_length
+#   Configure the amount of characters taken from a page. The default of 200 is probably good
+#   for most people. If something other than a number is used, it defaults back to 200.
+#   -- https://sphinxext-opengraph.readthedocs.io/en/latest/#options
+#
+# Other people say:
+# - og:title 40 chars
+# - og:description has 2 max lengths:
+#   When the link is used in a Post, it's 300 chars. When a link is used in a Comment, it's 110 chars.
+#   So you can either treat it as 110, or, write your Descriptions to 300 but make sure the first 110
+#   is the critical part and still makes sense when it gets cut off.
+#   -- https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8914476/facebook-open-graph-meta-tags-maximum-content-length
+ogp_site_url = "https://responder.kennethreitz.org/"
+ogp_description_length = 300
+ogp_site_name = "Responder Documentation"
+ogp_image = "https://responder.kennethreitz.org/_static/responder.png"
+ogp_image_alt = False
+ogp_use_first_image = False
+ogp_type = "website"
+ogp_enable_meta_description = True
+
+# -- Options for sphinx-copybutton -------------------------------------------
+
+copybutton_remove_prompts = True
+copybutton_line_continuation_character = "\\"
+copybutton_prompt_text = r">>> |\.\.\. |\$ |sh\$ |PS> |cr> |mysql> |In \[\d*\]: | {2,5}\.\.\.: | {5,8}: "
+copybutton_prompt_is_regexp = True
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+Deploying Responder
+===================
+
+You can deploy Responder anywhere you can deploy a basic Python application.
+
+Docker Deployment
+-----------------
+
+Assuming an existing ``api.py`` containing your Responder application.
+
+``Dockerfile``::
+
+    FROM python:3.13-slim
+    WORKDIR /app
+    COPY . .
+    RUN pip install responder
+    ENV PORT=80
+    EXPOSE 80
+    CMD ["python", "api.py"]
+
+That's it!
+
+Cloud Deployment
+----------------
+
+Responder automatically honors the ``PORT`` environment variable, which is
+set by most cloud platforms (Fly.io, Railway, Render, Google Cloud Run, etc.).
+
+The basics::
+
+    $ mkdir my-api
+    $ cd my-api
+
+Write out an ``api.py``::
+
+    import responder
+
+    api = responder.API()
+
+    @api.route("/")
+    async def hello(req, resp):
+        resp.text = "hello, world!"
+
+    if __name__ == "__main__":
+        api.run()
+
+Deploy with your platform of choice. Responder will bind to ``0.0.0.0``
+on the port specified by ``PORT`` automatically.
+
+Running with Uvicorn Directly
+-----------------------------
+
+For production deployments, you can also run your app directly with uvicorn::
+
+    uvicorn api:api --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000 --workers 4
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+.. responder documentation master file, created by
+   sphinx-quickstart on Thu Oct 11 12:58:34 2018.
+   You can adapt this file completely to your liking, but it should at least
+   contain the root `toctree` directive.
+
+A familiar HTTP Service Framework
+=================================
+
+|ci-tests| |version| |license| |python-versions| |downloads| |contributors| |say-thanks|
+
+.. |ci-tests| image:: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/actions/workflows/test.yaml/badge.svg
+   :target: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/actions/workflows/test.yaml
+.. |ci-docs| image:: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/actions/workflows/docs.yaml/badge.svg
+   :target: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/actions/workflows/docs.yaml
+.. |version| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/responder.svg
+   :target: https://pypi.org/project/responder/
+.. |license| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/responder.svg
+   :target: https://pypi.org/project/responder/
+.. |python-versions| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/responder.svg
+   :target: https://pypi.org/project/responder/
+.. |downloads| image:: https://static.pepy.tech/badge/responder/month
+   :target: https://www.pepy.tech/projects/responder
+.. |contributors| image:: https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/kennethreitz/responder.svg
+   :target: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/graphs/contributors
+.. |say-thanks| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/Say%20Thanks-!-1EAEDB.svg
+   :target: https://saythanks.io/to/kennethreitz
+
+.. code:: python
+
+   import responder
+
+   api = responder.API()
+
+   @api.route("/{greeting}")
+   async def greet_world(req, resp, *, greeting):
+       resp.text = f"{greeting}, world!"
+
+   if __name__ == '__main__':
+       api.run()
+
+Responder is powered by `Starlette`_.
+
+The example program demonstrates an `ASGI`_ application using `Responder`_,
+including production-ready components like the `uvicorn`_ webserver, based
+on `uvloop`_, and the `Jinja`_ templating library pre-installed.
+The ``async`` declaration within the example program is optional.
+
+Features
+--------
+
+- A pleasant API, with a single import statement.
+- Class-based views without inheritance.
+- `ASGI`_, the future of Python web services.
+- Asynchronous Python frameworks and applications.
+- Automatic gzip compression.
+- WebSocket support!
+- The ability to mount any ASGI / WSGI app at a subroute.
+- `f-string syntax`_ route declaration.
+- Mutable response object, passed into each view. No need to return anything.
+- Background tasks, spawned off in a ``ThreadPoolExecutor``.
+- GraphQL (with *GraphiQL*) support!
+- OpenAPI schema generation, with interactive documentation!
+- Single-page webapp support!
+
+Testimonials
+------------
+
+   “Pleasantly very taken with python-responder.
+   `@kennethreitz`_ at his absolute best.”
+
+     — Rudraksh M.K.
+
+..
+
+   "ASGI is going to enable all sorts of new high-performance web services. It's awesome to see Responder starting to take advantage of that."
+
+     — Tom Christie, author of `Django REST Framework`_
+
+..
+
+   “I love that you are exploring new patterns. Go go go!”
+
+     — Danny Greenfield, author of `Two Scoops of Django`_
+
+
+User Guides
+-----------
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   quickstart
+   tour
+   deployment
+   testing
+   api
+   cli
+
+
+Installing Responder
+--------------------
+
+Use ``uv`` for fast installation.
+
+.. code-block:: shell
+
+    uv pip install --upgrade 'responder'
+
+Or use standard pip where ``uv`` is not available.
+
+.. code-block:: shell
+
+    pip install --upgrade 'responder'
+
+Responder supports **Python 3.9+**.
+
+Development
+-----------
+
+If you are looking at installing Responder
+for hacking on it, please refer to the :ref:`sandbox` documentation.
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 1
+
+   changes
+   Sandbox <sandbox>
+   backlog
+
+
+The Basic Idea
+--------------
+
+The primary concept here is to bring the niceties that are brought forth from both Flask and Falcon and unify them into a single framework, along with some new ideas I have. I also wanted to take some of the API primitives that are instilled in the Requests library and put them into a web framework. So, you'll find a lot of parallels here with Requests.
+
+- Setting ``resp.content`` sends back bytes.
+- Setting ``resp.text`` sends back unicode, while setting ``resp.html`` sends back HTML.
+- Setting ``resp.media`` sends back JSON/YAML (``.text``/``.html``/``.content`` override this).
+- Case-insensitive ``req.headers`` dict (from Requests directly).
+- ``resp.status_code``, ``req.method``, ``req.url``, and other familiar friends.
+
+Ideas
+-----
+
+- Flask-style route expression, with new capabilities -- using Python's f-string syntax.
+- I love Falcon's "every request and response is passed into each view and mutated" methodology, especially ``response.media``, and have used it here. In addition to supporting JSON, I have decided to support YAML as well, as Kubernetes is slowly taking over the world, and it uses YAML for all the things. Content-negotiation and all that.
+- **A built in testing client** powered by Starlette's TestClient.
+- The ability to mount other WSGI apps easily.
+- Automatic gzipped-responses.
+- In addition to Falcon's ``on_get``, ``on_post``, etc methods, Responder features an ``on_request`` method, which gets called on every type of request, much like Requests.
+- A production static files server is built-in.
+- `uvicorn`_ is built-in as a production web server. I would have chosen Gunicorn, but it doesn't run on Windows. Plus, uvicorn serves well to protect against `Slowloris`_ attacks, making Nginx unnecessary in production.
+- GraphQL support, via Graphene. The goal here is to have any GraphQL query exposable at any route, magically.
+
+
+Indices and tables
+==================
+
+* :ref:`genindex`
+* :ref:`modindex`
+* :ref:`search`
+
+
+.. _@kennethreitz: https://x.com/kennethreitz42
+.. _ASGI: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asynchronous_Server_Gateway_Interface
+.. _Django REST Framework: https://www.django-rest-framework.org/
+.. _f-string syntax: https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-498-formatted-string-literals
+.. _Jinja: https://jinja.palletsprojects.com/en/stable/
+.. _ServeStatic: https://archmonger.github.io/ServeStatic/latest/
+.. _Slowloris: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slowloris_(computer_security)
+.. _Starlette: https://www.starlette.io/
+.. _Responder: https://responder.kennethreitz.org/
+.. _Two Scoops of Django: https://www.feldroy.com/two-scoops-press#two-scoops-of-django
+.. _uvicorn: https://www.uvicorn.org/
+.. _uvloop: https://uvloop.readthedocs.io/
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+Quick Start!
+============
+
+This section of the documentation exists to provide an introduction to the Responder interface,
+as well as educate the user on basic functionality.
+
+
+Declare a Web Service
+---------------------
+
+The first thing you need to do is declare a web service::
+
+    import responder
+
+    api = responder.API()
+
+Hello World!
+------------
+
+Then, you can add a view / route to it.
+
+Here, we'll make the root URL say "hello world!"::
+
+    @api.route("/")
+    def hello_world(req, resp):
+        resp.text = "hello, world!"
+
+Run the Server
+--------------
+
+Next, we can run our web service easily, with ``api.run()``::
+
+    api.run()
+
+This will spin up a production web server on port ``5042``, ready for incoming HTTP requests.
+
+Note: you can pass ``port=5000`` if you want to customize the port. The ``PORT`` environment variable for established web service providers (e.g. Heroku) will automatically be honored and will set the listening address to ``0.0.0.0`` automatically (also configurable through the ``address`` keyword argument).
+
+
+Accept Route Arguments
+----------------------
+
+If you want dynamic URLs, you can use Python's familiar *f-string syntax* to declare variables in your routes::
+
+    @api.route("/hello/{who}")
+    def hello_to(req, resp, *, who):
+        resp.text = f"hello, {who}!"
+
+A ``GET`` request to ``/hello/brettcannon`` will result in a response of ``hello, brettcannon!``.
+
+Type convertors are also available::
+
+    @api.route("/add/{a:int}/{b:int}")
+    async def add(req, resp, *, a, b):
+        resp.text = f"{a} + {b} = {a + b}"
+
+Supported types: ``str``, ``int``, ``float``, ``uuid``, and ``path``.
+
+Returning JSON / YAML
+---------------------
+
+If you want your API to send back JSON, simply set the ``resp.media`` property to a JSON-serializable Python object::
+
+
+    @api.route("/hello/{who}/json")
+    def hello_to(req, resp, *, who):
+        resp.media = {"hello": who}
+
+A ``GET`` request to ``/hello/guido/json`` will result in a response of ``{'hello': 'guido'}``.
+
+If the client requests YAML instead (with a header of ``Accept: application/x-yaml``), YAML will be sent.
+
+Rendering a Template
+--------------------
+
+Responder provides a built-in light `Jinja`_ wrapper ``templates.Templates``
+
+Usage::
+
+  from responder.templates import Templates
+
+  templates = Templates()
+
+  @api.route("/hello/{name}/html")
+  def hello(req, resp, name):
+      resp.html = templates.render("hello.html", name=name)
+
+
+Also a ``render_async`` is available::
+
+    templates = Templates(enable_async=True)
+    resp.html = await templates.render_async("hello.html", who=who)
+
+You can also use the existing ``api.template(filename, *args, **kwargs)`` to render templates::
+
+    @api.route("/hello/{who}/html")
+    def hello_html(req, resp, *, who):
+        resp.html = api.template('hello.html', who=who)
+
+
+Setting Response Status Code
+----------------------------
+
+If you want to set the response status code, simply set ``resp.status_code``::
+
+    @api.route("/416")
+    def teapot(req, resp):
+        resp.status_code = api.status_codes.HTTP_416   # ...or 416
+
+
+Setting Response Headers
+------------------------
+
+If you want to set a response header, like ``X-Pizza: 42``, simply modify the ``resp.headers`` dictionary::
+
+    @api.route("/pizza")
+    def pizza_pizza(req, resp):
+        resp.headers['X-Pizza'] = '42'
+
+That's it!
+
+
+Receiving Data & Background Tasks
+---------------------------------
+
+If you're expecting to read any request data, on the server, you need to declare your view as async and await the content.
+
+Here, we'll process our data in the background, while responding immediately to the client::
+
+    import time
+
+    @api.route("/incoming")
+    async def receive_incoming(req, resp):
+
+        @api.background.task
+        def process_data(data):
+            """Just sleeps for three seconds, as a demo."""
+            time.sleep(3)
+
+
+        # Parse the incoming data as form-encoded.
+        # Note: 'json' and 'yaml' formats are also automatically supported.
+        data = await req.media()
+
+        # Process the data (in the background).
+        process_data(data)
+
+        # Immediately respond that upload was successful.
+        resp.media = {'success': True}
+
+A ``POST`` request to ``/incoming`` will result in an immediate response of ``{'success': true}``.
+
+
+Here's a sample code to post a file with background::
+
+    @api.route("/")
+    async def upload_file(req, resp):
+
+        @api.background.task
+        def process_data(data):
+            with open(f"./{data['file']['filename']}", 'wb') as f:
+                f.write(data['file']['content'])
+
+        data = await req.media(format='files')
+        process_data(data)
+
+        resp.media = {'success': 'ok'}
+
+You can test file uploads using the built-in test client::
+
+    files = {'file': ('hello.txt', b'hello, world!', 'text/plain')}
+    r = api.requests.post(api.url_for(upload_file), files=files)
+    print(r.json())
+
+
+.. _Jinja: https://jinja.palletsprojects.com/en/stable/
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+(sandbox)=
+# Development Sandbox
+
+## Setup
+Set up a development sandbox.
+
+Acquire sources and create virtualenv.
+```shell
+git clone https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder.git
+cd responder
+uv venv
+```
+
+Install project in editable mode, including
+all development tools.
+```shell
+uv pip install --upgrade --editable '.[develop,docs,release,test]'
+```
+
+## Operations
+Run tests.
+```shell
+source .venv/bin/activate
+pytest
+```
+
+Format code.
+```shell
+ruff format .
+ruff check --fix .
+```
+
+Documentation authoring.
+```shell
+sphinx-autobuild --open-browser --watch docs/source docs/source docs/build
+```
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+Building and Testing with Responder
+===================================
+
+Responder comes with a first-class, well supported test client for your ASGI web services (powered by Starlette's TestClient).
+
+Here, we'll go over the basics of setting up and testing a Responder application.
+
+The Basics
+----------
+
+Your project should look like this::
+
+    api.py  test_api.py
+
+``$ cat api.py``::
+
+    import responder
+
+    api = responder.API()
+
+    @api.route("/")
+    def hello_world(req, resp):
+        resp.text = "hello, world!"
+
+    if __name__ == "__main__":
+        api.run()
+
+Writing Tests
+-------------
+
+``$ cat test_api.py``::
+
+    import pytest
+    import api as service
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def api():
+        return service.api
+
+
+    def test_hello_world(api):
+        r = api.requests.get("/")
+        assert r.text == "hello, world!"
+
+``$ pytest``::
+
+    ...
+    ========================== 1 passed in 0.10 seconds ==========================
@@ -0,0 +1,507 @@
+Feature Tour
+============
+
+
+Route Method Filtering
+----------------------
+
+You can restrict routes to specific HTTP methods::
+
+    @api.route("/items", methods=["GET"])
+    def list_items(req, resp):
+        resp.media = {"items": [...]}
+
+    @api.route("/items", methods=["POST"], check_existing=False)
+    async def create_item(req, resp):
+        data = await req.media()
+        resp.media = {"created": data}
+
+
+Class-Based Views
+-----------------
+
+Class-based views (and setting some headers and stuff)::
+
+    @api.route("/{greeting}")
+    class GreetingResource:
+        def on_request(self, req, resp, *, greeting):   # or on_get...
+            resp.text = f"{greeting}, world!"
+            resp.headers.update({'X-Life': '42'})
+            resp.status_code = api.status_codes.HTTP_416
+
+
+Lifespan Events
+---------------
+
+Use the lifespan context manager for startup and shutdown logic::
+
+    from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+
+    @asynccontextmanager
+    async def lifespan(app):
+        # Startup: connect to database, etc.
+        print("Starting up...")
+        yield
+        # Shutdown: clean up resources
+        print("Shutting down...")
+
+    api = responder.API(lifespan=lifespan)
+
+You can also use the traditional event decorators::
+
+    @api.on_event('startup')
+    async def startup():
+        print("Starting up...")
+
+    @api.on_event('shutdown')
+    async def shutdown():
+        print("Shutting down...")
+
+
+Serving Files
+-------------
+
+Serve files from disk with automatic content-type detection::
+
+    @api.route("/download")
+    def download(req, resp):
+        resp.file("reports/annual.pdf")
+
+You can also specify the content type explicitly::
+
+    @api.route("/image")
+    def image(req, resp):
+        resp.file("photos/cat.jpg", content_type="image/jpeg")
+
+
+Custom Error Handling
+---------------------
+
+Register handlers for specific exception types::
+
+    @api.exception_handler(ValueError)
+    async def handle_value_error(req, resp, exc):
+        resp.status_code = 400
+        resp.media = {"error": str(exc)}
+
+
+Background Tasks
+----------------
+
+Here, you can spawn off a background thread to run any function, out-of-request::
+
+    @api.route("/")
+    def hello(req, resp):
+
+        @api.background.task
+        def sleep(s=10):
+            time.sleep(s)
+            print("slept!")
+
+        sleep()
+        resp.content = "processing"
+
+
+GraphQL
+-------
+Responder supports GraphQL, a query language for APIs that enables clients to
+request exactly the data they need.
+
+For more information about GraphQL, visit https://graphql.org/.
+
+Serve a GraphQL API::
+
+    import graphene
+    from responder.ext.graphql import GraphQLView
+
+    class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
+        hello = graphene.String(name=graphene.String(default_value="stranger"))
+
+        def resolve_hello(self, info, name):
+            return f"Hello {name}"
+
+    schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query)
+    view = GraphQLView(api=api, schema=schema)
+
+    api.add_route("/graph", view)
+
+Visiting the endpoint will render a *GraphiQL* instance, in the browser.
+
+You can make use of Responder's Request and Response objects in your GraphQL resolvers through ``info.context['request']`` and ``info.context['response']``.
+
+
+OpenAPI Schema Support
+----------------------
+
+Responder comes with built-in support for OpenAPI / marshmallow.
+
+.. note::
+
+    If you're upgrading from a previous version, note that the OpenAPI module
+    has been renamed from ``responder.ext.schema`` to ``responder.ext.openapi``.
+    Update your imports accordingly.
+
+New in Responder 1.4.0::
+
+    import responder
+    from responder.ext.openapi import OpenAPISchema
+    from marshmallow import Schema, fields
+
+    contact = {
+        "name": "API Support",
+        "url": "http://www.example.com/support",
+        "email": "support@example.com",
+    }
+    license = {
+        "name": "Apache 2.0",
+        "url": "https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html",
+    }
+    
+    api = responder.API()
+
+    schema = OpenAPISchema(
+        app=api,
+        title="Web Service",
+        version="1.0",
+        openapi="3.0.2",
+        description="A simple pet store",
+        terms_of_service="http://example.com/terms/",
+        contact=contact,
+        license=license,
+    )
+
+    @schema.schema("Pet")
+    class PetSchema(Schema):
+        name = fields.Str()
+
+
+    @api.route("/")
+    def route(req, resp):
+        """A cute furry animal endpoint.
+        ---
+        get:
+            description: Get a random pet
+            responses:
+                200:
+                    description: A pet to be returned
+                    content:  
+                        application/json: 
+                            schema: 
+                                $ref: '#/components/schemas/Pet'                         
+        """
+        resp.media = PetSchema().dump({"name": "little orange"})
+
+
+Old way *It's recommended to use the code above* ::
+
+    import responder
+    from marshmallow import Schema, fields
+
+    contact = {
+        "name": "API Support",
+        "url": "http://www.example.com/support",
+        "email": "support@example.com",
+    }
+    license = {
+        "name": "Apache 2.0",
+        "url": "https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html",
+    }
+
+    api = responder.API(
+        title="Web Service",
+        version="1.0",
+        openapi="3.0.2",
+        description="A simple pet store",
+        terms_of_service="http://example.com/terms/",
+        contact=contact,
+        license=license,
+    )
+
+    @api.schema("Pet")
+    class PetSchema(Schema):
+        name = fields.Str()
+
+    @api.route("/")
+    def route(req, resp):
+        """A cute furry animal endpoint.
+        ---
+        get:
+            description: Get a random pet
+            responses:
+                200:
+                    description: A pet to be returned
+                    content:  
+                        application/json: 
+                            schema: 
+                                $ref: '#/components/schemas/Pet'                         
+        """
+        resp.media = PetSchema().dump({"name": "little orange"})
+
+::
+
+    >>> r = api.session().get("http://;/schema.yml")
+
+    >>> print(r.text)
+    components:
+      parameters: {}
+      responses: {}
+      schemas:
+        Pet:
+          properties:
+            name: {type: string}
+          type: object
+      securitySchemes: {}
+    info:
+      contact: {email: support@example.com, name: API Support, url: 'http://www.example.com/support'}
+      description: This is a sample server for a pet store.
+      license: {name: Apache 2.0, url: 'https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html'}
+      termsOfService: http://example.com/terms/
+      title: Web Service
+      version: 1.0
+    openapi: 3.0.2
+    paths:
+      /:
+        get:
+          description: Get a random pet
+          responses:
+            200: {description: A pet to be returned, schema: $ref: "#/components/schemas/Pet"}
+    tags: []
+
+
+Interactive Documentation
+-------------------------
+
+Responder can automatically supply API Documentation for you. Using the example above
+
+The new and recommended way::
+
+    from responder.ext.openapi import OpenAPISchema
+
+    api = responder.API()
+
+    schema = OpenAPISchema(
+        app=api,
+        title="Web Service",
+        version="1.0",
+        openapi="3.0.2",
+        ...
+        docs_route='/docs',
+        ...
+        description=description,
+        terms_of_service=terms_of_service,
+        contact=contact,
+        license=license,
+    )
+    
+
+The old way::
+
+    api = responder.API(
+        title="Web Service",
+        version="1.0",
+        openapi="3.0.2",
+        docs_route='/docs',
+        description=description,
+        terms_of_service=terms_of_service,
+        contact=contact,
+        license=license,
+    )
+
+This will make ``/docs`` render interactive documentation for your API.
+
+Mount a WSGI / ASGI Apps (e.g. Flask, Starlette,...)
+----------------------------------------------------
+
+Responder gives you the ability to mount another ASGI / WSGI app at a subroute::
+
+    import responder
+    from flask import Flask
+
+    api = responder.API()
+    flask = Flask(__name__)
+
+    @flask.route('/')
+    def hello():
+        return 'hello'
+
+    api.mount('/flask', flask)
+
+That's it!
+
+Single-Page Web Apps
+--------------------
+
+If you have a single-page webapp, you can tell Responder to serve up your ``static/index.html`` at a route, like so::
+
+    api.add_route("/", static=True)
+
+This will make ``index.html`` the default response to all undefined routes.
+
+Reading / Writing Cookies
+-------------------------
+
+Responder makes it very easy to interact with cookies from a Request, or add some to a Response::
+
+    >>> resp.cookies["hello"] = "world"
+
+    >>> req.cookies
+    {"hello": "world"}
+
+
+To set cookies directives, you should use `resp.set_cookie`::
+
+    >>> resp.set_cookie("hello", value="world", max_age=60)
+
+Supported directives:
+
+* ``key`` - **Required**
+* ``value`` - [OPTIONAL] - Defaults to ``""``. 
+* ``expires`` - Defaults to ``None``.
+* ``max_age`` - Defaults to ``None``.
+* ``domain`` - Defaults to ``None``.
+* ``path`` - Defaults to ``"/"``.
+* ``secure`` - Defaults to ``False``.
+* ``httponly`` - Defaults to ``True``.
+
+For more information see `directives <https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Set-Cookie>`_
+
+
+Using Cookie-Based Sessions
+---------------------------
+
+Responder has built-in support for cookie-based sessions. To enable cookie-based sessions, simply add something to the ``resp.session`` dictionary::
+
+    >>> resp.session['username'] = 'kennethreitz'
+
+A cookie called ``Responder-Session`` will be set, which contains all the data in ``resp.session``. It is signed, for verification purposes.
+
+You can easily read a Request's session data, that can be trusted to have originated from the API::
+
+    >>> req.session
+    {'username': 'kennethreitz'}
+
+**Note**: if you are using this in production, you should pass the ``secret_key`` argument to ``API(...)``::
+
+    api = responder.API(secret_key=os.environ['SECRET_KEY'])
+
+Using ``before_request``
+------------------------
+
+If you'd like a view to be executed before every request, simply do the following::
+
+    @api.route(before_request=True)
+    def prepare_response(req, resp):
+        resp.headers["X-Pizza"] = "42"
+
+Now all requests to your HTTP Service will include an ``X-Pizza`` header.
+
+For ``websockets``::
+
+    @api.route(before_request=True, websocket=True)
+    def prepare_response(ws):
+        await ws.accept()
+
+
+WebSocket Support
+-----------------
+
+Responder supports WebSockets::
+
+    @api.route('/ws', websocket=True)
+    async def websocket(ws):
+        await ws.accept()
+        while True:
+            name = await ws.receive_text()
+            await ws.send_text(f"Hello {name}!")
+        await ws.close()
+
+Accepting the connection::
+
+    await websocket.accept()
+
+Sending and receiving data::
+
+    await websocket.send_{format}(data) 
+    await websocket.receive_{format}(data)
+
+Supported formats: ``text``, ``json``, ``bytes``.
+
+Closing the connection::
+
+    await websocket.close()
+
+Using Requests Test Client
+--------------------------
+
+Responder comes with a first-class, well supported test client for your ASGI web services (powered by Starlette's TestClient).
+
+Here's an example of a test (written with pytest)::
+
+    import myapi
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def api():
+        return myapi.api
+
+    def test_response(api):
+        hello = "hello, world!"
+
+        @api.route('/some-url')
+        def some_view(req, resp):
+            resp.text = hello
+
+        r = api.requests.get(url=api.url_for(some_view))
+        assert r.text == hello
+
+HSTS (Redirect to HTTPS)
+------------------------
+
+Want HSTS (to redirect all traffic to HTTPS)?
+
+::
+
+    api = responder.API(enable_hsts=True)
+
+
+Boom.
+
+CORS
+----
+
+Want `CORS <https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CORS/>`_ ?
+
+::
+
+    api = responder.API(cors=True)
+
+
+The default parameters used by **Responder** are restrictive by default, so you'll need to explicitly enable particular origins, methods, or headers, in order for browsers to be permitted to use them in a Cross-Domain context.
+
+In order to set custom parameters, you need to set the ``cors_params`` argument of ``api``, a dictionary containing the following entries:
+
+* ``allow_origins`` - A list of origins that should be permitted to make cross-origin requests. eg. ``['https://example.org', 'https://www.example.org']``. You can use ``['*']`` to allow any origin.
+* ``allow_origin_regex`` - A regex string to match against origins that should be permitted to make cross-origin requests. eg. ``'https://.*\.example\.org'``.
+* ``allow_methods`` - A list of HTTP methods that should be allowed for cross-origin requests. Defaults to `['GET']`. You can use ``['*']`` to allow all standard methods.
+* ``allow_headers`` - A list of HTTP request headers that should be supported for cross-origin requests. Defaults to ``[]``. You can use ``['*']`` to allow all headers. The ``Accept``, ``Accept-Language``, ``Content-Language`` and ``Content-Type`` headers are always allowed for CORS requests.
+* ``allow_credentials`` - Indicate that cookies should be supported for cross-origin requests. Defaults to ``False``.
+* ``expose_headers`` - Indicate any response headers that should be made accessible to the browser. Defaults to ``[]``.
+* ``max_age`` - Sets a maximum time in seconds for browsers to cache CORS responses. Defaults to ``60``.
+
+Trusted Hosts
+-------------
+
+Make sure that all the incoming requests headers have a valid ``host``, that matches one of the provided patterns in the ``allowed_hosts`` attribute, in order to prevent HTTP Host Header attacks.
+
+A 400 response will be raised, if a request does not match any of the provided patterns in the ``allowed_hosts`` attribute.
+
+::
+
+    api = responder.API(allowed_hosts=['example.com', 'tenant.example.com'])
+
+* ``allowed_hosts`` - A list of allowed hostnames. 
+
+Note:
+
+* By default, all hostnames are allowed.
+* Wildcard domains such as ``*.example.com`` are supported.
+* To allow any hostname use ``allowed_hosts=["*"]``.
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Example HTTP service definition, using Responder.
+# https://pypi.org/project/responder/
+import responder
+
+api = responder.API()
+
+
+@api.route("/")
+async def index(req, resp):
+    resp.text = "hello, world!"
+
+
+@api.route("/{greeting}")
+async def greet_world(req, resp, *, greeting):
+    resp.text = f"{greeting}, world!"
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    api.run()
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Example showing the lifespan context manager pattern.
+# https://pypi.org/project/responder/
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+
+import responder
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def lifespan(app):
+    # Startup: initialize resources
+    print("Starting up...")
+    yield
+    # Shutdown: clean up resources
+    print("Shutting down...")
+
+
+api = responder.API(lifespan=lifespan)
+
+
+@api.route("/{greeting}")
+async def greet_world(req, resp, *, greeting):
+    resp.text = f"{greeting}, world!"
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    api.run()
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Example HTTP service definition, using Responder.
+# https://pypi.org/project/responder/
+import responder
+
+api = responder.API()
+
+
+@api.route("/")
+async def index(req, resp):
+    resp.text = "Welcome"
+
+
+@api.route("/user")
+async def user_create(req, resp):
+    data = await req.media()
+    resp.text = f"Hello, {data['username']}"
+
+
+@api.route("/user/{identifier}")
+async def user_get(req, resp, *, identifier):
+    resp.text = f"Hello, user {identifier}"
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    api.run()
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 64 64" enable-background="new 0 0 64 64" xml:space="preserve"><polygon points="32.625,51 21.836,51 28.536,13 39.325,13 "></polygon><polygon points="49.107,51 38.319,51 45.019,13 55.808,13 "></polygon><rect x="9" y="18" width="12" height="12"></rect><rect x="9" y="33" width="12" height="12"></rect></svg>
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				`<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 64 64" enable-background="new 0 0 64 64" xml:space="preserve"><polygon points="32.625,51 21.836,51 28.536,13 39.325,13 "></polygon><polygon points="49.107,51 38.319,51 45.019,13 55.808,13 "></polygon><rect x="9" y="18" width="12" height="12"></rect><rect x="9" y="33" width="12" height="12"></rect></svg>`