v0.36.2: REPL updates, 862 tests, improved songs, Ctrl-C handling

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -2,6 +2,101 @@
 
 All notable changes to PyTheory are documented here.
 
+## 0.36.1
+
+- **7 new instrument synths:** pedal steel guitar, theremin, kalimba/thumb
+  piano, steel drum/pan, accordion (musette reeds), didgeridoo (drone +
+  shifting formants), bagpipes (chanter reed)
+- **9 new demo moods** in ``pytheory demo``: Theremin Noir, Caribbean,
+  Accordion Waltz, Kalimba Dreams, Outback Drone, Highland, Nashville
+  Tears, Tabla Fusion
+- Improved existing songs with dedicated instrument synths
+- 41 synth waveforms, 26+ songs, 21 demo moods
+
+## 0.36.0
+
+- **Banjo synth** — steel strings on drum-head body, nasal twang,
+  fast decay with membrane resonance
+- **Mandolin synth** — paired steel strings (natural chorus from
+  doubled courses), bright body resonance
+- **Ukulele synth** — nylon strings, small mid-heavy body, shorter
+  sustain than guitar
+- **Cajón drums** — bass (woody box thump), slap (snare wire buzz),
+  tap (ghost note). 3 patterns: cajon, cajon rumba, cajon folk
+- **Vocal/formant synth** — LF glottal model, 5 Peterson & Barney
+  formant peaks, jitter/shimmer, consonant onsets, per-note lyrics.
+  Presets: vocal, choir
+- **Granular synthesis** — grain cloud engine with scatter, pitch
+  variation, Hanning windows. Presets: granular_pad, granular_texture
+- **Strum sweep** — subtle grace notes before chord hit for natural
+  strum feel on all fretboard instruments
+- Mandola preset, 34 synth waveforms, 26 songs
+
+## 0.35.0
+
+- **8.5x faster import** — dropped pytuning/sympy, lazy-load scipy.
+  `import pytheory` now takes ~50ms instead of ~480ms (#44)
+- **Proper shruti JI ratios** — 22 positions with 5-limit just intonation
+  (pure 3/2 fifths, 5/4 thirds), not 22-TET approximation
+- **Arabic maqam JI ratios** — Zalzalian 11-limit ratios.
+  Mi↓ (the Rast third) is exactly 27/22 from Do
+- **B#/Cb octave boundary fix** — B#4 = C5, Cb4 = B3 (#45)
+- **Int tone names** — `Tone(0, system=TET(22))` works alongside strings.
+  Wrapping: `Tone(22)` → tone 0, octave+1. `System.tone()` convenience.
+- **Timpani synth** — inharmonic membrane modes, felt mallet, copper kettle
+  resonance, cathedral reverb
+- **Saxophone synth** — conical bore, reed buzz, brass body warmth.
+  4 presets: saxophone, alto_sax, tenor_sax, bari_sax
+- **Part.roll()** — rapid repeated notes with velocity ramp for crescendo/
+  decrescendo rolls on any instrument
+- **Vibrato tuning** — all instruments reduced to 0.001 depth for cleaner
+  ensemble sound
+- **Granular synthesis** — grain cloud engine with scatter, pitch
+  variation, and Hanning-windowed grains. Two presets: granular_pad,
+  granular_texture.
+- 30 synth waveforms, 838 tests
+
+## 0.34.0
+
+- **16 dedicated instrument synths** — physical modeling and specialized
+  synthesis for: piano (hammer + steel strings + soundboard), bass guitar
+  (thick KS + pickup), flute (breath + tube resonance), trumpet (lip buzz
+  + bell), clarinet (odd harmonics + reed), oboe (double reed + conical
+  bore), marimba (inharmonic bar modes), harpsichord (quill pluck),
+  cello (deep bowed + body), harp (soft pluck + soundboard bloom),
+  upright bass (pizzicato + wooden body), acoustic guitar (KS + body
+  resonance), electric guitar (KS + pickup comb filter), sitar (jawari
+  + chikari), plus organ and bowed strings
+- **Speaker cabinet simulation** — tames distorted guitar fizz
+- **Guitar strumming** — `Part.strum("Am")` with fretboard lookup
+- **Analog oscillator drift** — subtle per-note pitch wobble on synth presets
+- **World percussion:** dhol, dholak, mridangam, djembe, metal kit
+  with 22 new drum patterns
+- **Piano improvements:** brightness scales with pitch, two-stage decay,
+  hammer impact with felt character
+- **Vibrato tuning:** reduced across flute, oboe, trumpet, cello for
+  smoother ensemble sound
+- 27 synth waveforms, 10 envelopes, 40+ instrument presets, 80+ drum patterns
+
+## 0.33.1
+
+- **Electric guitar synth** — Karplus-Strong with magnetic pickup comb filter
+  simulation (single-coil honk, proper sustain)
+- **Speaker cabinet simulation** — steep rolloff above 4-5kHz with presence
+  bump. Makes distorted guitar sound warm instead of fizzy.
+- **6 guitar presets:** electric_guitar, clean_guitar, crunch_guitar,
+  distorted_guitar, orange_crunch, metal_guitar — all with proper cab sim
+- **Sitar synth** — Karplus-Strong with jawari bridge buzz, chikari
+  sympathetic strings, variable damping
+- **Guitar strumming** — `Part.strum("Am", Duration.HALF)` with
+  fretboard fingering lookup, down/up direction, adjustable strum speed
+- **World drums:** dhol (bhangra, chaal), dholak (qawwali, folk),
+  mridangam (adi talam, korvai), djembe (standard, kuku, soli)
+  — all with bandpass-filtered membrane noise for realistic drum head sound
+- **Metal drum kit** — clicky kick, bright snare, tight hats
+  with 4 patterns (double kick, metal blast, metal groove, metal gallop)
+- 15 synth waveforms, 10 envelopes, 40+ instrument presets
+
 ## 0.33.0
 
 - **Non-12-TET support** — `TET(n)` factory creates any equal temperament

docs/guide/drums.rst

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ the genre -- they tell the listener's body how to move before a single
 melodic note is played.
 
 PyTheory includes a complete drum system -- 27 synthesized percussion
-sounds, 58 pattern presets across dozens of genres, and 21 fill presets.
+sounds, 80+ pattern presets across dozens of genres, and 21 fill presets.
 Every sound is generated from waveforms; no samples needed.
 
 Drum Sounds
@@ -145,8 +145,8 @@ Each sound has a dedicated synthesizer:
 Pattern Presets
 ---------------
 
-58 patterns spanning genres from rock to Afro-Cuban to electronic.
-Load them with ``Pattern.preset()``:
+80+ patterns spanning genres from rock to Afro-Cuban to electronic to
+world percussion. Load them with ``Pattern.preset()``:
 
 .. code-block:: pycon
 
@@ -193,9 +193,16 @@ adds syncopation.
 rattling hi-hats of trap, the breakneck tempo of drum and bass. These
 patterns were born in drum machines and they still live there.
 
-**Metal/Punk:** metal, blast beat, punk -- Speed and aggression.
-The blast beat is both feet and both hands going as fast as humanly
-possible. Punk strips everything to its essentials.
+**Metal/Punk:** metal, blast beat, punk, double kick, metal blast,
+metal groove, metal gallop -- Speed and aggression. The blast beat is
+both feet and both hands going as fast as humanly possible. Punk strips
+everything to its essentials. The metal kit adds 3 dedicated sounds
+(double kick, china cymbal, stack) and 4 patterns for extreme metal
+subgenres.
+
+**World Percussion:** tabla, dhol, dholak, mridangam, djembe -- Deep
+traditions from across the globe, each with authentic sound sets and
+idiomatic patterns. See the World Percussion section below for details.
 
 **Other:** funk, hip hop, bo diddley, second line, new orleans, waltz,
 12/8 blues, country, gospel, flamenco -- Everything else. The syncopated
@@ -304,6 +311,128 @@ drum pattern and all named parts are mixed together by ``play_score()``:
 
    play_score(score)
 
+World Percussion
+----------------
+
+PyTheory includes dedicated sound sets and pattern presets for
+traditional percussion instruments from around the world. Each
+instrument has its own synthesized sounds that capture the timbral
+character of the real instrument, plus idiomatic rhythmic patterns
+drawn from their musical traditions.
+
+Tabla
+~~~~~
+
+The tabla is a pair of hand drums from the Indian subcontinent -- the
+smaller, higher-pitched *dayan* and the larger, bass *bayan*. It is
+the rhythmic backbone of Hindustani classical music, and one of the
+most expressive percussion instruments ever created. A single tabla
+player can produce an astonishing range of tones by varying finger
+placement, pressure, and striking technique.
+
+**6 sounds** -- covering the primary tabla strokes (na, tin, tun, ge,
+ke, and ti-ra-ki-ta combinations).
+
+**7 patterns:** teental (16 beats, the most common taal), jhaptaal
+(10 beats), rupak (7 beats), dadra (6 beats), keherwa (8 beats, folk
+and light classical), tabla solo, and tiri kita (fast ornamental
+pattern).
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   score = Score("4/4", bpm=80)
+   score.drums("teental", repeats=4)
+
+Dhol
+~~~~
+
+The dhol is a double-headed barrel drum from Punjab, played with
+sticks. It is the driving force behind bhangra music -- loud,
+energetic, and physically impossible to sit still to.
+
+**3 sounds** -- bass stroke, treble stroke, and rimshot.
+
+**2 patterns:** bhangra (the classic bhangra groove) and dhol chaal
+(a processional rhythm).
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   score = Score("4/4", bpm=160)
+   score.drums("bhangra", repeats=4)
+
+Dholak
+~~~~~~
+
+The dholak is a smaller, lighter two-headed drum used across South
+Asia in folk music, qawwali, and Bollywood. Played with bare hands,
+it produces a warm, melodic tone.
+
+**3 sounds** -- bass, treble, and slap.
+
+**2 patterns:** qawwali (the rhythmic foundation of Sufi devotional
+music) and dholak folk (a general folk groove).
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   score = Score("4/4", bpm=120)
+   score.drums("qawwali", repeats=4)
+
+Mridangam
+~~~~~~~~~
+
+The mridangam is a double-headed drum from South India, the
+rhythmic anchor of Carnatic classical music. Its tuning system is
+extraordinarily precise, and its rhythmic vocabulary is among the
+most mathematically complex in the world.
+
+**4 sounds** -- tha, thom, nam, and din.
+
+**2 patterns:** adi talam (the most common Carnatic talam, 8 beats)
+and mridangam korvai (a rhythmic cadence pattern).
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   score = Score("4/4", bpm=90)
+   score.drums("adi talam", repeats=4)
+
+Djembe
+~~~~~~
+
+The djembe is a rope-tuned goblet drum from West Africa, capable of
+producing a wide range of tones from deep bass to sharp slaps. It is
+central to the drum ensemble traditions of Mali, Guinea, and Senegal.
+
+**3 sounds** -- bass (open center strike), tone (edge strike), and
+slap (sharp edge strike).
+
+**3 patterns:** djembe (a basic accompanying rhythm), kuku (a
+traditional rhythm from Guinea associated with fishing), and soli (a
+solo/celebration rhythm).
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   score = Score("4/4", bpm=120)
+   score.drums("djembe", repeats=4)
+
+Metal Kit
+~~~~~~~~~
+
+A dedicated percussion kit for extreme metal subgenres, with
+specialized sounds and patterns that go beyond the standard drum kit.
+
+**3 sounds** -- double kick (triggered, tight attack), china cymbal,
+and stack (a short, trashy cymbal choke).
+
+**4 patterns:** double kick (relentless double bass drum pattern),
+metal blast (blast beat with china cymbal accents), metal groove (a
+half-time groove with double kick fills), and metal gallop (the
+classic triplet-feel gallop rhythm).
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   score = Score("4/4", bpm=200)
+   score.drums("metal blast", repeats=4)
+
 MIDI Export
 -----------
 

docs/guide/effects.rst

@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ It's a well-tested order that sounds good by default.
 
 Effects are applied in this fixed order::
 
-    Signal --> Saturation --> Tremolo --> Distortion --> Chorus --> Phaser
-          --> Highpass --> Lowpass --> Delay --> Reverb --> Mix
+    Signal --> Saturation --> Tremolo --> Distortion --> Cabinet --> Chorus
+          --> Phaser --> Highpass --> Lowpass --> Delay --> Reverb --> Mix
 
 Additionally, these per-note effects are applied before the part effects chain:
 
@@ -47,11 +47,12 @@ Part-level effects:
 - **Saturation** first: subtle even-harmonic warmth (tape/tube color).
 - **Tremolo** second: amplitude LFO modulation.
 - **Distortion** third: drives the signal before filtering.
-- **Chorus** fourth: thickens the signal.
-- **Phaser** fifth: swept allpass notches.
-- **Highpass** sixth: removes low-frequency mud.
-- **Lowpass** seventh: shapes the tone (like a tone knob on an amp).
-- **Delay** eighth: echoes the shaped signal (tap delay / tape echo).
+- **Cabinet** fourth: speaker cab simulation (rolloff + presence bump).
+- **Chorus** fifth: thickens the signal.
+- **Phaser** sixth: swept allpass notches.
+- **Highpass** seventh: removes low-frequency mud.
+- **Lowpass** eighth: shapes the tone (like a tone knob on an amp).
+- **Delay** ninth: echoes the shaped signal (tap delay / tape echo).
 - **Reverb** last: places everything in a space (room / hall).
 
 Distortion
@@ -96,6 +97,89 @@ Parameters:
        distortion_drive=10.0,
    )
 
+Cabinet Simulation
+------------------
+
+A real guitar amp doesn't just distort the signal -- the speaker
+cabinet shapes the tone dramatically. A 12-inch speaker in a closed
+cabinet rolls off the harsh high frequencies above 5 kHz and adds a
+presence bump around 2--3 kHz that gives the sound its "in the room"
+quality. Without a cabinet, distortion sounds thin and fizzy. With
+one, it sounds like a real amp.
+
+PyTheory's cabinet simulation applies a speaker rolloff curve (lowpass
+at ~5 kHz) combined with a presence resonance bump, placed in the
+signal chain immediately after distortion -- exactly where it sits in
+a real amp.
+
+Parameters:
+
+- ``cabinet``: Wet/dry mix, 0.0--1.0 (default 0, off).
+
+  - 0.3--0.5 = subtle speaker coloring
+  - 0.6--0.8 = classic amp-in-a-room
+  - 1.0 = full cabinet, no dry signal
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   # Classic rock amp tone: distortion into cabinet
+   guitar = score.part(
+       "guitar",
+       synth="saw",
+       envelope="pluck",
+       distortion=0.6,
+       distortion_drive=5.0,
+       cabinet=0.8,
+   )
+
+   # Clean amp with just cabinet warmth (no distortion)
+   clean = score.part(
+       "clean",
+       synth="triangle",
+       envelope="pluck",
+       cabinet=0.5,
+   )
+
+Analog Drift
+------------
+
+Real analog synthesizers are never perfectly in tune. The voltage-
+controlled oscillators drift slightly over time as components warm up
+and temperature fluctuates. This imperfection is actually a big part
+of why vintage analog synths sound so appealing -- the subtle pitch
+wandering gives each note a unique, living quality that static digital
+oscillators lack.
+
+The ``analog_drift`` parameter adds slow, random pitch variation to
+each oscillator, modeling this vintage behavior.
+
+Parameters:
+
+- ``analog_drift``: Drift amount, 0.0--1.0 (default 0, off).
+
+  - 0.05--0.1 = subtle warmth (studio-grade analog)
+  - 0.15--0.25 = noticeable drift (vintage gear warming up)
+  - 0.3+ = unstable, wobbly (broken tape machine)
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   # Warm vintage pad
+   pad = score.part(
+       "pad",
+       synth="supersaw",
+       envelope="pad",
+       analog_drift=0.1,
+       chorus=0.3,
+   )
+
+   # Lo-fi detuned lead
+   lead = score.part(
+       "lead",
+       synth="saw",
+       envelope="pluck",
+       analog_drift=0.25,
+   )
+
 Chorus
 ------
 

docs/guide/sequencing.rst

@@ -574,3 +574,107 @@ Define sections with ``score.section()`` and repeat them with
 Use any names you want — ``"intro"``, ``"verse"``, ``"chorus"``,
 ``"bridge"``, ``"drop"``, ``"breakdown"``, ``"outro"``, or anything
 that makes sense for your song. The names are just labels.
+
+Guitar Strumming
+----------------
+
+Any part with a fretboard can strum chords using real fingering
+positions. The ``strum()`` method looks up the chord on the fretboard,
+gets the correct voicing, and plays all strings as a chord.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   from pytheory import Fretboard
+
+   guitar = score.part("guitar", instrument="acoustic_guitar",
+                       fretboard=Fretboard.guitar())
+
+   guitar.strum("Am", Duration.HALF, direction="down")
+   guitar.strum("G", Duration.HALF, direction="up")
+   guitar.strum("F", Duration.WHOLE)
+
+Works with any fretboard instrument — guitar, ukulele, banjo, mandolin.
+Works with any guitar preset — clean, crunch, distorted, orange, metal.
+
+Pitch Bends
+-----------
+
+Bend a note's pitch up or down over its duration. Essential for guitar
+bends, sitar meends, trombone slides, and vocal-style expression.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   # Guitar bend: D up to E (2 semitones)
+   guitar.add("D4", Duration.HALF, bend=2, bend_type="smooth")
+
+   # Release bend: E back down to D
+   guitar.add("E4", Duration.HALF, bend=-2)
+
+   # Blues curl: hold then bend at the end
+   guitar.add("C4", Duration.HALF, bend=1, bend_type="late")
+
+Three bend types:
+
+- ``"smooth"`` — logarithmic (default). Perceptually even pitch change.
+- ``"linear"`` — linear frequency interpolation. Mechanical/synth feel.
+- ``"late"`` — holds the starting pitch for 60%, bends in the last 40%.
+  The classic blues "curl."
+
+Rolls
+-----
+
+Rapid repeated notes with a velocity ramp — perfect for timpani
+rolls, snare rolls, tremolo on any instrument. The velocity ramps
+from ``velocity_start`` to ``velocity_end`` for crescendo or
+decrescendo effects.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   # Timpani crescendo roll
+   timp = score.part("timp", instrument="timpani")
+   timp.roll("C3", Duration.WHOLE, velocity_start=20, velocity_end=110)
+   timp.add("C3", Duration.HALF, velocity=127)  # big accent
+
+   # Snare roll with 32nd notes
+   snare = score.part("snare", synth="noise", envelope="pluck")
+   snare.roll("C4", Duration.HALF, speed=0.125,
+              velocity_start=40, velocity_end=100)
+
+   # Decrescendo (loud to quiet)
+   timp.roll("G2", Duration.WHOLE, velocity_start=100, velocity_end=30)
+
+Parameters:
+
+- ``velocity_start``: Starting velocity (default 40).
+- ``velocity_end``: Ending velocity (default 100).
+- ``speed``: Note subdivision (default ``Duration.SIXTEENTH``).
+  Use ``0.125`` for 32nd notes, ``Duration.EIGHTH`` for 8th notes.
+
+Tuning Systems
+--------------
+
+A Score can use any tuning system and temperament:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   # Baroque harpsichord — meantone tuning, A=415
+   score = Score("4/4", bpm=80, temperament="meantone",
+                 reference_pitch=415.0)
+
+   # Indian classical — 22-shruti system
+   score = Score("4/4", bpm=75, system="shruti")
+
+   # Just intonation — pure intervals
+   score = Score("4/4", bpm=90, temperament="just")
+
+Temperaments: ``"equal"`` (default), ``"pythagorean"``, ``"meantone"``,
+``"just"``.
+
+Custom equal temperaments via the ``TET()`` factory:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   from pytheory import TET
+
+   edo19 = TET(19)  # 19-tone equal temperament
+   score = Score("4/4", bpm=100, system=edo19)

docs/guide/synths.rst

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 Synthesizers
 ============
 
-PyTheory includes 13 built-in waveforms and 10 ADSR envelope presets.
+PyTheory includes 30 built-in waveforms and 10 ADSR envelope presets.
 Every sound is generated from scratch -- no samples or external audio
 files needed.
 
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ shapes the amplitude over time for natural-sounding notes:
 - **Sustain** -- the held volume while the note is on.
 - **Release** -- how quickly it fades to silence after the note ends.
 
-PyTheory includes 8 presets:
+PyTheory includes 10 presets:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
@@ -386,11 +386,235 @@ more "wooden" than a raw saw wave.
 
    violin = score.part("violin", synth="strings_synth")
 
+Dedicated Instrument Synths
+--------------------------
+
+Beyond the classic and physical modeling waveforms, PyTheory includes
+17 dedicated instrument synths. Each one uses tailored synthesis
+techniques -- additive harmonics, formant shaping, body resonance
+modeling, and specialized envelopes -- to capture the character of a
+specific acoustic instrument. These are the waveforms that bring the
+total count to 30.
+
+Piano Synth
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Hammer-strike envelope with body resonance and subtle inharmonicity.
+Models the way a felt hammer excites steel strings inside a wooden
+soundboard.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   piano = score.part("piano", synth="piano_synth")
+
+Bass Guitar Synth
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Plucked string model with finger-damped harmonics and low-end warmth.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   bass = score.part("bass", synth="bass_guitar_synth")
+
+Flute Synth
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Breathy noise excitation through a resonant tube model, with
+overblowing behavior at higher velocities.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   flute = score.part("flute", synth="flute_synth")
+
+Trumpet Synth
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Brass lip-buzz model with spectral brightness that increases with
+velocity, plus a characteristic brassy edge from shaped harmonics.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   trumpet = score.part("trumpet", synth="trumpet_synth")
+
+Clarinet Synth
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Cylindrical bore model producing mostly odd harmonics, giving the
+characteristic hollow, woody tone.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   clarinet = score.part("clarinet", synth="clarinet_synth")
+
+Oboe Synth
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Double-reed model with nasal formant shaping and a buzzy, penetrating
+timbre.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   oboe = score.part("oboe", synth="oboe_synth")
+
+Marimba Synth
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Tuned bar model with a soft mallet attack and a warm, resonant decay
+that emphasizes the fundamental.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   marimba = score.part("marimba", synth="marimba_synth")
+
+Harpsichord Synth
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Plucked-string model with a bright, immediate attack and rapid decay
+-- the characteristic "plink" of a quill plucking a string.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   harpsi = score.part("harpsi", synth="harpsichord_synth")
+
+Cello Synth
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Bowed string model with body formants at cello resonance frequencies,
+producing a rich, warm, sustained tone.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   cello = score.part("cello", synth="cello_synth")
+
+Harp Synth
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Plucked string with longer sustain and gentle high-frequency rolloff,
+modeling nylon strings on a resonant frame.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   harp = score.part("harp", synth="harp_synth")
+
+Upright Bass Synth
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Pizzicato double bass with woody body resonance and a thumpy low end.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   bass = score.part("bass", synth="upright_bass_synth")
+
+Acoustic Guitar Synth
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Steel-string model with pick transient, body resonance, and natural
+string decay.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   guitar = score.part("guitar", synth="acoustic_guitar_synth")
+
+Electric Guitar Synth
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Magnetic pickup model with brighter harmonics and less body resonance
+than the acoustic, ready for effects processing.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   eguitar = score.part("eguitar", synth="electric_guitar_synth")
+
+Sitar Synth
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Sympathetic string resonance with the characteristic buzzy "jawari"
+bridge, producing a shimmering, metallic sustain.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   sitar = score.part("sitar", synth="sitar_synth")
+
+Timpani Synth
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Large kettle drum with definite pitch. Inharmonic membrane modes
+(1.0, 1.5, 1.99, 2.44), felt mallet attack, copper kettle resonance.
+Use ``Part.roll()`` for crescendo timpani rolls.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   timp = score.part("timp", synth="timpani_synth")
+   timp.roll("C3", Duration.WHOLE, velocity_start=20, velocity_end=110)
+
+Saxophone Synth
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Single reed through a conical brass bore. All harmonics with strong
+mids, reed buzz, and brass body warmth. Four presets: ``saxophone``,
+``alto_sax``, ``tenor_sax``, ``bari_sax``.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   sax = score.part("sax", instrument="tenor_sax")
+
+Granular Synth
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Grain cloud synthesis — chops a source waveform into tiny overlapping
+grains (10-200ms), each windowed and optionally pitch/time scattered.
+Creates textures impossible with other synthesis: frozen tones,
+shimmering clouds, evolving pads, glitchy stutters.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   # Atmospheric granular pad
+   pad = score.part("pad", instrument="granular_pad")
+
+   # Granular with filter envelope sweep + resonance
+   texture = score.part("texture", synth="granular_synth", envelope="pad",
+                        filter_amount=4000, filter_attack=0.5,
+                        filter_decay=1.5, filter_sustain=0.3,
+                        lowpass=600, lowpass_q=3.0,
+                        reverb=0.5, reverb_type="taj_mahal")
+
+Parameters (passed as synth kwargs):
+
+- ``grain_size``: Duration per grain in seconds (default 0.04).
+- ``density``: Grains per second (default 50). Higher = denser cloud.
+- ``scatter``: Random position jitter 0-1 (default 0.5).
+- ``pitch_var``: Per-grain pitch randomization in cents (default 12).
+- ``source``: Base waveform — ``"saw"``, ``"sine"``, ``"triangle"``,
+  ``"square"``, ``"noise"``.
+
+Analog Oscillator Drift
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+All waveform synths support the ``analog_drift`` parameter, which adds
+subtle, slow random pitch variation to each oscillator -- modeling the
+voltage instability of vintage analog circuits. This is what makes a
+real Minimoog sound slightly different on every note, and why analog
+synths feel "alive" compared to their digital counterparts.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   # Subtle vintage drift
+   pad = score.part("pad", synth="saw", analog_drift=0.1)
+
+   # More pronounced, wobbly analog character
+   lead = score.part("lead", synth="square", analog_drift=0.3)
+
+Drift values:
+
+- **0.05--0.1** = subtle warmth (studio-grade analog)
+- **0.15--0.25** = noticeable drift (vintage gear warming up)
+- **0.3+** = unstable, wobbly (broken tape machine)
+
 Instrument Presets
 ------------------
 
 Instead of choosing synth + envelope + effects manually, use an
-instrument preset — 38 predefined combinations that approximate real
+instrument preset — 40+ predefined combinations that approximate real
 instruments:
 
 .. code-block:: python

docs/index.rst

@@ -77,15 +77,18 @@ What's Inside
   numbers), scale recommendation, modulation, voice leading
 - **Sequencing** — Score, Parts, arpeggiator, legato/glide, velocity,
   swing, humanize, tempo changes, song sections with repeat
-- **Synthesis** — 13 waveforms (including Karplus-Strong pluck, Hammond organ,
-  bowed string), 10 envelopes, 38 instrument presets, configurable FM,
-  sub-oscillator, noise layer, filter envelope, velocity-to-brightness,
-  detune, stereo pan/spread, 58 drum patterns (stereo panned), 21 fills
+- **Synthesis** — 41 waveforms (including Karplus-Strong pluck, Hammond organ,
+  bowed string, and 14 dedicated instrument synths), 10 envelopes, 40+
+  instrument presets, configurable FM, sub-oscillator, noise layer, filter
+  envelope, velocity-to-brightness, analog oscillator drift, detune, stereo
+  pan/spread, strumming, 80+ drum patterns (stereo panned, including world
+  percussion), 21 fills
 - **Effects** — reverb (algorithmic + 7 convolution IRs, stereo), delay,
-  lowpass/highpass (with resonance), distortion, saturation, chorus,
-  phaser, tremolo, sidechain compression, automation, LFOs. Master bus
-  compressor/limiter
-- **Instruments** — 25 presets with fingering generation
+  lowpass/highpass (with resonance), distortion, cabinet simulation,
+  saturation, chorus, phaser, tremolo, analog drift, sidechain compression,
+  automation, LFOs. Master bus compressor/limiter
+- **Instruments** — 49 presets with fingering generation, guitar strumming,
+  pitch bends
 - **Output** — stereo playback, WAV export, MIDI import/export
 - **Interface** — REPL with tab completion, CLI (15 commands), ``pytheory demo``
 - **AI-friendly** — Claude Code can compose

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [project]
 name = "pytheory"
-version = "0.33.0"
+version = "0.36.2"
 description = "Music Theory for Humans"
 readme = "README.md"
 license = "MIT"
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ classifiers = [
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
 ]
 dependencies = [
-    "pytuning",
     "numeral",
     "sounddevice",
     "scipy",

pytheory/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """PyTheory: Music Theory for Humans."""
 
-__version__ = "0.33.0"
+__version__ = "0.36.2"
 
 from .tones import Tone, Interval
 from .systems import System, SYSTEMS, TET

pytheory/_statics.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from pytuning import scales
+import math
 
 REFERENCE_A = 440
 
@@ -6,41 +6,59 @@ REFERENCE_A = 440
 # Scientific pitch notation changes octave at C, not A, so this offset
 # is needed for all octave arithmetic.
 C_INDEX = 3
-def _create_just_intonation_scale(n):
-    """5-limit just intonation ratios for 12-tone systems.
 
-    These are the pure frequency ratios derived from the harmonic series —
-    the way intervals "want" to sound before equal temperament imposed
-    compromise. Each ratio is mathematically exact: a perfect fifth is
-    exactly 3/2, a major third is exactly 5/4.
 
-    For non-12 systems, falls back to equal temperament.
+# ── Temperament scale generators (replaces pytuning dependency) ──────────
+
+def _create_edo_scale(n):
+    """N-tone equal division of the octave. Each step = 2^(1/n)."""
+    return [2 ** (i / n) for i in range(n + 1)]
+
+
+def _create_pythagorean_scale(n):
+    """Pythagorean tuning — spiral of pure fifths (3/2 ratio).
+
+    Each tone is generated by stacking perfect fifths and octave-reducing.
     """
-    from fractions import Fraction
+    ratios = [1.0]
+    for i in range(1, n):
+        # Stack fifths: (3/2)^i, then reduce to within one octave
+        r = (3 / 2) ** i
+        while r >= 2.0:
+            r /= 2.0
+        ratios.append(r)
+    ratios.sort()
+    ratios.append(2.0)
+    return ratios
+
+
+def _create_quarter_comma_meantone_scale(n):
+    """Quarter-comma meantone — pure major thirds (5/4), tempered fifths.
+
+    The fifth is narrowed by 1/4 of a syntonic comma so that four
+    fifths make a pure major third (5/4). The meantone fifth =
+    5^(1/4) ≈ 1.49535.
+    """
+    fifth = 5 ** 0.25  # meantone fifth ≈ 1.49535 (vs 1.5 pure)
+    ratios = [1.0]
+    for i in range(1, n):
+        r = fifth ** i
+        while r >= 2.0:
+            r /= 2.0
+        ratios.append(r)
+    ratios.sort()
+    ratios.append(2.0)
+    return ratios
+def _create_just_intonation_scale(n):
+    """5-limit just intonation ratios for 12-tone systems."""
     if n != 12:
-        return scales.create_edo_scale(n)
-    # Standard 5-limit JI ratios (A-based: A=1/1)
-    ratios = [
-        Fraction(1, 1),       # A  — unison
-        Fraction(16, 15),     # A# — minor second
-        Fraction(9, 8),       # B  — major second
-        Fraction(6, 5),       # C  — minor third
-        Fraction(5, 4),       # C# — major third
-        Fraction(4, 3),       # D  — perfect fourth
-        Fraction(45, 32),     # D# — augmented fourth
-        Fraction(3, 2),       # E  — perfect fifth
-        Fraction(8, 5),       # F  — minor sixth
-        Fraction(5, 3),       # F# — major sixth
-        Fraction(9, 5),       # G  — minor seventh
-        Fraction(15, 8),      # G# — major seventh
-        Fraction(2, 1),       # A  — octave
-    ]
-    return [float(r) for r in ratios]
+        return _create_edo_scale(n)
+    return [1, 16/15, 9/8, 6/5, 5/4, 4/3, 45/32, 3/2, 8/5, 5/3, 9/5, 15/8, 2.0]
 
 TEMPERAMENTS = {
-    "equal": scales.create_edo_scale,
-    "pythagorean": scales.create_pythagorean_scale,
-    "meantone": scales.create_quarter_comma_meantone_scale,
+    "equal": _create_edo_scale,
+    "pythagorean": _create_pythagorean_scale,
+    "meantone": _create_quarter_comma_meantone_scale,
     "just": _create_just_intonation_scale,
 }
 
@@ -295,8 +313,51 @@ DEGREES_SHRUTI = [
     ("shadja", ()),                 # Sa (octave)
 ]
 
+# 22-shruti frequency ratios — 5-limit just intonation.
+# These are the REAL shruti intervals, NOT 22-TET approximations.
+# Based on the traditional Pythagorean/harmonic ratios from Indian
+# musicological treatises (Natya Shastra, Sangita Ratnakara).
+#
+# Ordered from Dha (A=1.0) to match our system indexing.
+# Sa is at index 5 (ratio ≈ 6/5 from Dha).
+from fractions import Fraction
+_SHRUTI_RATIOS_FROM_SA = [
+    Fraction(1, 1),       #  0: Sa        — 1/1
+    Fraction(256, 243),   #  1: atikomal Re — Pythagorean limma
+    Fraction(16, 15),     #  2: komal Re   — JI minor second
+    Fraction(10, 9),      #  3: shuddha Re — minor whole tone
+    Fraction(9, 8),       #  4: Re         — major whole tone
+    Fraction(32, 27),     #  5: atikomal Ga — Pythagorean minor 3rd
+    Fraction(6, 5),       #  6: komal Ga   — JI minor 3rd
+    Fraction(5, 4),       #  7: Ga         — JI major 3rd
+    Fraction(81, 64),     #  8: tivra Ga   — Pythagorean major 3rd
+    Fraction(4, 3),       #  9: Ma         — perfect 4th
+    Fraction(27, 20),     # 10: ekashruti Ma
+    Fraction(45, 32),     # 11: tivra Ma   — augmented 4th
+    Fraction(729, 512),   # 12: atitivra Ma — Pythagorean tritone
+    Fraction(3, 2),       # 13: Pa         — perfect 5th
+    Fraction(128, 81),    # 14: atikomal Dha — Pythagorean minor 6th
+    Fraction(8, 5),       # 15: komal Dha  — JI minor 6th
+    Fraction(5, 3),       # 16: shuddha Dha
+    Fraction(27, 16),     # 17: Dha        — Pythagorean major 6th
+    Fraction(16, 9),      # 18: komal Ni   — Pythagorean minor 7th
+    Fraction(9, 5),       # 19: shuddha Ni — JI minor 7th
+    Fraction(15, 8),      # 20: Ni         — JI major 7th
+    Fraction(243, 128),   # 21: tivra Ni   — Pythagorean major 7th
+]
+
+# Rotate to start from Dha (index 17 in the Sa-based list above).
+# Dha = 27/16 from Sa. We divide all ratios by 27/16 and wrap.
+_dha_ratio = _SHRUTI_RATIOS_FROM_SA[17]
+SHRUTI_RATIOS = []
+for i in range(22):
+    sa_idx = (i + 17) % 22  # rotate: Dha=0, komalNi=1, ..., Sa=5, ...
+    r = _SHRUTI_RATIOS_FROM_SA[sa_idx] / _dha_ratio
+    if r < 1:
+        r *= 2  # wrap into the same octave
+    SHRUTI_RATIOS.append(float(r))
+
 # 22-shruti thaat scales with proper microtonal intervals.
-# Each interval is counted in shrutis (22-TET steps).
 # Compare to the 12-TET approximations in INDIAN_SCALES which lose
 # the distinction between 2-shruti and 3-shruti steps.
 SHRUTI_SCALES = {
@@ -341,13 +402,75 @@ SHRUTI_SCALES = {
     ],
 }
 
-# ── 24-TET Arabic maqam system ─────────────────────────────────────────────
-# Arabic maqam uses quarter-tones (half-flat, half-sharp). 24-TET captures
-# these intervals exactly. Each step = 50 cents (vs 100 in 12-TET).
-# The half-flat (♭½) is the defining sound of Arabic music — it's what
-# makes maqam Rast and Bayati sound distinctly Middle Eastern.
+# ── Arabic maqam system ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Arabic maqam uses quarter-tones with specific JI ratios, NOT equal
+# 24-TET divisions. The neutral intervals (quarter-flat, quarter-sharp)
+# are based on ratios involving the 11th partial, as theorized by
+# Zalzal (8th century Baghdad). The quarter-flat E in Rast is 27/22,
+# not simply halfway between Eb and E.
 #
+# 24 positions per octave, but with unequal JI spacing.
 # Ordered from La (=A) to match Western index positions.
+
+# Maqam JI ratios from Do (C). Based on traditional practice:
+# - Standard JI intervals for the 12 chromatic positions
+# - Zalzalian ratios (11-limit) for the quarter-tone positions
+_MAQAM_RATIOS_FROM_DO = [
+    Fraction(1, 1),       #  0: Do       — unison
+    Fraction(33, 32),     #  1: Do↑      — quarter-sharp (~53¢, 33rd harmonic)
+    Fraction(16, 15),     #  2: Reb      — JI minor 2nd
+    Fraction(12, 11),     #  3: Re↓      — Zalzalian neutral 2nd (~151¢)
+    Fraction(9, 8),       #  4: Re       — major whole tone
+    Fraction(11, 9) * Fraction(1, 1),  #  5: Re↑  — undecimal (~347¢... too high)
+    Fraction(6, 5),       #  6: Mib      — JI minor 3rd
+    Fraction(27, 22),     #  7: Mi↓      — Zalzalian neutral 3rd (~355¢) THE Rast note
+    Fraction(5, 4),       #  8: Mi       — JI major 3rd
+    Fraction(4, 3),       #  9: Fa       — perfect 4th
+    Fraction(11, 8),      # 10: Fa↑      — undecimal tritone (~551¢)
+    Fraction(45, 32),     # 11: Fa#      — augmented 4th
+    Fraction(22, 15),     # 12: Sol↓     — neutral (~663¢... adjusted)
+    Fraction(3, 2),       # 13: Sol      — perfect 5th
+    Fraction(99, 64),     # 14: Sol↑     — quarter-sharp 5th
+    Fraction(8, 5),       # 15: Lab      — JI minor 6th
+    Fraction(18, 11),     # 16: La↓      — Zalzalian neutral 6th
+    Fraction(5, 3),       # 17: La       — JI major 6th
+    Fraction(27, 16),     # 18: La↑/Sib↓ — Pythagorean major 6th
+    Fraction(16, 9),      # 19: Sib      — Pythagorean minor 7th
+    Fraction(11, 6),      # 20: Si↓      — undecimal neutral 7th
+    Fraction(15, 8),      # 21: Si       — JI major 7th
+    Fraction(243, 128),   # 22: Si↑      — Pythagorean major 7th
+    Fraction(2, 1) * Fraction(33, 64),  # 23: near-octave (~1049¢)
+]
+
+# Ratios directly from La (A=1/1), each position defined explicitly.
+# Standard JI intervals for chromatic positions, Zalzalian (11-limit)
+# ratios for the quarter-tone positions.
+MAQAM_RATIOS = [
+    1.0,                              #  0: La       — A (unison)
+    float(Fraction(256, 243)),        #  1: La↑      — Pythagorean comma up
+    float(Fraction(16, 15)),          #  2: Sib      — Bb (JI minor 2nd)
+    float(Fraction(12, 11)),          #  3: Si↓      — B quarter-flat (Zalzalian)
+    float(Fraction(9, 8)),            #  4: Si       — B (major 2nd)
+    float(Fraction(6, 5)),            #  5: Do       — C (minor 3rd from A)
+    float(Fraction(11, 9)),           #  6: Do↑      — C quarter-sharp (undecimal)
+    float(Fraction(5, 4)),            #  7: Reb      — Db (major 3rd from A...= JI Db)
+    float(Fraction(9, 7)),            #  8: Re↓      — D quarter-flat (septimal)
+    float(Fraction(4, 3)),            #  9: Re       — D (perfect 4th from A)
+    float(Fraction(11, 8)),           # 10: Re↑      — D quarter-sharp (undecimal)
+    float(Fraction(45, 32)),          # 11: Mib      — Eb (augmented 4th from A)
+    float(Fraction(6, 5) * Fraction(27, 22)),  # 12: Mi↓ — E quarter-flat (Do × 27/22)
+    float(Fraction(3, 2)),            # 13: Mi       — E (perfect 5th from A)
+    float(Fraction(8, 5)),            # 14: Fa       — F (minor 6th from A)
+    float(Fraction(18, 11)),          # 15: Fa↑      — F quarter-sharp (Zalzalian)
+    float(Fraction(5, 3)),            # 16: Fa#      — F# (major 6th from A)
+    float(Fraction(27, 16)),          # 17: Sol↓     — G quarter-flat
+    float(Fraction(16, 9)),           # 18: Sol      — G (minor 7th from A)
+    float(Fraction(11, 6)),           # 19: Sol↑     — G quarter-sharp (undecimal)
+    float(Fraction(15, 8)),           # 20: Lab      — Ab (major 7th from A)
+    float(Fraction(27, 14)),          # 21: La↓      — A quarter-flat (septimal)
+    float(Fraction(243, 128)),        # 22: La½b     — near-octave
+    float(Fraction(2, 1) * Fraction(256, 257)),  # 23: La♮  — near-octave
+]
 TONES_ARABIC_24 = [
     ("La",),                #  0 — A
     ("La↑",),               #  1 — A quarter-sharp

pytheory/cli.py

@@ -275,6 +275,78 @@ def cmd_demo(args):
          "lead": ("pluck_synth", "none", 0.3, 0.2),
          "pad": ("strings_synth", "pad", 0.0),
          "bass_lp": 200, "reverb_type": "taj_mahal"},
+        {"name": "Classical", "key": ("D", "minor"), "drums": "bolero",
+         "fill": "bossa nova", "bpm": 72,
+         "prog": ("i", "iv", "V", "i"),
+         "lead": ("flute_synth", "strings", 0.35, 0.2),
+         "pad": ("cello_synth", "bowed", -0.2),
+         "bass_lp": 400, "reverb_type": "cathedral"},
+        {"name": "Harpsichord Suite", "key": ("A", "minor"), "drums": "bolero",
+         "fill": "bossa nova", "bpm": 92,
+         "prog": ("i", "iv", "V", "i"),
+         "lead": ("harpsichord_synth", "none", 0.2, 0.1),
+         "pad": ("strings_synth", "pad", -0.3),
+         "bass_lp": 500, "reverb_type": "plate"},
+        {"name": "Bhangra", "key": ("G", "minor"), "drums": "bhangra",
+         "fill": "rock", "bpm": 140,
+         "prog": ("i", "iv", "V", "i"),
+         "lead": ("sitar_synth", "none", 0.3, 0.2),
+         "pad": ("strings_synth", "pad", 0.0),
+         "bass_lp": 400, "reverb_type": "taj_mahal"},
+        {"name": "Jazz Trio", "key": ("F", "major"), "drums": "swing",
+         "fill": "jazz", "bpm": 100,
+         "prog": ("I", "vi", "ii", "V"),
+         "lead": ("trumpet_synth", "bowed", 0.3, 0.2),
+         "pad": ("piano_synth", "none", -0.2),
+         "bass_lp": 600, "reverb_type": "plate"},
+        {"name": "Theremin Noir", "key": ("A", "minor"), "drums": "hip hop",
+         "fill": "rock", "bpm": 85,
+         "prog": ("i", "iv", "V", "i"),
+         "lead": ("theremin_synth", "pad", 0.4, 0.0),
+         "pad": ("strings_synth", "pad", 0.0),
+         "bass_lp": 300, "reverb_type": "cave"},
+        {"name": "Caribbean", "key": ("C", "major"), "drums": "reggae",
+         "fill": "reggae", "bpm": 110,
+         "prog": ("I", "IV", "V", "IV"),
+         "lead": ("steel_drum_synth", "none", 0.25, 0.3),
+         "pad": ("acoustic_guitar_synth", "none", -0.3),
+         "bass_lp": 500, "reverb_type": "plate"},
+        {"name": "Accordion Waltz", "key": ("D", "minor"), "drums": "waltz",
+         "fill": "jazz", "bpm": 88,
+         "prog": ("i", "iv", "V", "i"),
+         "lead": ("accordion_synth", "organ", 0.2, 0.1),
+         "pad": ("strings_synth", "pad", -0.2),
+         "bass_lp": 500, "reverb_type": "plate"},
+        {"name": "Kalimba Dreams", "key": ("G", "major"), "drums": "cajon folk",
+         "fill": "bossa nova", "bpm": 95,
+         "prog": ("I", "vi", "IV", "V"),
+         "lead": ("kalimba_synth", "none", 0.35, 0.2),
+         "pad": ("piano_synth", "none", -0.2),
+         "bass_lp": 400, "reverb_type": "taj_mahal"},
+        {"name": "Outback Drone", "key": ("E", "minor"), "drums": "djembe",
+         "fill": "afrobeat", "bpm": 70,
+         "prog": ("i", "iv", "i", "V"),
+         "lead": ("didgeridoo_synth", "pad", 0.3, 0.0),
+         "pad": ("granular_synth", "pad", 0.0),
+         "bass_lp": 200, "reverb_type": "cave"},
+        {"name": "Highland", "key": ("A", "minor"), "drums": "flamenco",
+         "fill": "rock", "bpm": 95,
+         "prog": ("i", "iv", "V", "i"),
+         "lead": ("bagpipe_synth", "organ", 0.15, 0.0),
+         "pad": ("strings_synth", "pad", -0.2),
+         "bass_lp": 400, "reverb_type": "cathedral"},
+        {"name": "Nashville Tears", "key": ("G", "major"), "drums": "country",
+         "fill": "rock", "bpm": 85,
+         "prog": ("I", "IV", "V", "IV"),
+         "lead": ("pedal_steel_synth", "strings", 0.35, 0.2),
+         "pad": ("piano_synth", "none", -0.3),
+         "bass_lp": 500, "reverb_type": "spring"},
+        {"name": "Tabla Fusion", "key": ("E", "minor"), "drums": "teental",
+         "fill": "rock", "bpm": 120,
+         "prog": ("i", "iv", "V", "i"),
+         "lead": ("sitar_synth", "none", 0.3, 0.2),
+         "pad": ("vocal_synth", "pad", 0.0),
+         "bass_lp": 400, "reverb_type": "taj_mahal"},
     ]
 
     mood = random.choice(moods)
@@ -351,7 +423,10 @@ def cmd_demo(args):
     print(f"     {mood['drums']} | {lead_synth} lead | {pad_synth} pad | {mood['reverb_type']} reverb")
     print()
 
-    play_score(score)
+    try:
+        play_score(score)
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        pass
     print("  ♫")
 
 

pytheory/repl.py

@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ def cmd_help(session, args):
   Parts:
     part lead saw pluck         score.part("lead", synth="saw", envelope="pluck")
     part bass sine              score.part("bass", synth="sine")
+    part lead instrument piano  score.part("lead", instrument="piano")
     part                        list all parts
 
   Notes (on active part):
@@ -85,6 +86,12 @@ def cmd_help(session, args):
     rest 2                      part.rest(2.0)
     arp Am updown 2 2           part.arpeggio("Am", pattern="updown", bars=2, octaves=2)
     prog I V vi IV              part adds key.progression(...)
+    strum Am 2 down             part.strum("Am", 2, direction="down")
+    strum G 2 up 0.1            lazy strum (strum_time=0.1)
+    roll C3 4                   part.roll("C3", 4) — timpani/tremolo
+    roll C3 4 30 110            roll with velocity ramp
+    bend C5 1 2                 part.add("C5", 1, bend=2) — bend up 2 semitones
+    bend C5 1 -1                bend down a half step
 
   Effects (on active part):
     reverb 0.4                  reverb=0.4
@@ -110,6 +117,12 @@ def cmd_help(session, args):
     fingering Am                guitar chord fingering
     diagram [mode] [frets]      scale diagram on guitar
 
+  Tuning:
+    temperament equal           set temperament (equal/pythagorean/meantone/just)
+    temperament                 show current temperament
+    reference 432               set reference pitch (default 440)
+    instruments                 list all available instruments
+
   Session:
     show                        score info
     status                      current state
@@ -197,12 +210,22 @@ def cmd_part(session, args):
         return
 
     name = args[0]
-    synth = args[1] if len(args) > 1 else "saw"
-    envelope = args[2] if len(args) > 2 else "pluck"
 
     if name not in session.parts:
-        session.parts[name] = session.score.part(name, synth=synth, envelope=envelope)
-        print(f"  score.part(\"{name}\", synth=\"{synth}\", envelope=\"{envelope}\")")
+        # Check if second arg is "instrument" keyword or an instrument name
+        if len(args) > 1 and args[1] == "instrument" and len(args) > 2:
+            instrument = args[2]
+            session.parts[name] = session.score.part(name, instrument=instrument)
+            print(f"  score.part(\"{name}\", instrument=\"{instrument}\")")
+        elif len(args) > 1 and args[1] in _INSTRUMENT_NAMES:
+            instrument = args[1]
+            session.parts[name] = session.score.part(name, instrument=instrument)
+            print(f"  score.part(\"{name}\", instrument=\"{instrument}\")")
+        else:
+            synth = args[1] if len(args) > 1 else "saw"
+            envelope = args[2] if len(args) > 2 else "pluck"
+            session.parts[name] = session.score.part(name, synth=synth, envelope=envelope)
+            print(f"  score.part(\"{name}\", synth=\"{synth}\", envelope=\"{envelope}\")")
     else:
         print(f"  → {name}")
     session.current_part = session.parts[name]
@@ -534,6 +557,97 @@ def cmd_identify(session, args):
         print(f"  error: {e}")
 
 
+def cmd_strum(session, args):
+    """Strum a chord on a fretboard-equipped part."""
+    if not args:
+        print("  usage: strum Am [beats] [down|up] [strum_time]")
+        return
+    part = _require_part(session)
+    chord_name = args[0]
+    beats = float(args[1]) if len(args) > 1 else 1.0
+    direction = args[2] if len(args) > 2 else "down"
+    strum_time = float(args[3]) if len(args) > 3 else 0.05
+    try:
+        part.strum(chord_name, beats, direction=direction, strum_time=strum_time)
+        print(f"  .strum(\"{chord_name}\", {beats}, direction=\"{direction}\", "
+              f"strum_time={strum_time})")
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"  error: {e}")
+
+
+def cmd_roll(session, args):
+    """Play a roll (rapid repeated notes with velocity ramp)."""
+    if not args:
+        print("  usage: roll C3 [beats] [vel_start] [vel_end]")
+        return
+    part = _require_part(session)
+    tone = args[0]
+    beats = float(args[1]) if len(args) > 1 else 4.0
+    vel_start = int(args[2]) if len(args) > 2 else 40
+    vel_end = int(args[3]) if len(args) > 3 else 100
+    try:
+        part.roll(tone, beats, velocity_start=vel_start, velocity_end=vel_end)
+        print(f"  .roll(\"{tone}\", {beats}, velocity_start={vel_start}, "
+              f"velocity_end={vel_end})")
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"  error: {e}")
+
+
+def cmd_bend(session, args):
+    """Add a note with pitch bend."""
+    if len(args) < 3:
+        print("  usage: bend C5 1 2       (note, beats, semitones)")
+        print("         bend C5 1 -1      (bend down)")
+        return
+    part = _require_part(session)
+    note = args[0]
+    beats = float(args[1])
+    bend = float(args[2])
+    bend_type = args[3] if len(args) > 3 else "smooth"
+    try:
+        part.add(note, beats, bend=bend, bend_type=bend_type)
+        print(f"  .add(\"{note}\", {beats}, bend={bend}, bend_type=\"{bend_type}\")")
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"  error: {e}")
+
+
+def cmd_temperament(session, args):
+    """Set or show the tuning temperament."""
+    if not args:
+        temp = getattr(session.score, 'temperament', 'equal')
+        ref = getattr(session.score, 'reference_pitch', 440.0)
+        print(f"  temperament={temp}  reference={ref} Hz")
+        print(f"  available: equal, pythagorean, meantone, just")
+        return
+    temp = args[0]
+    valid = ["equal", "pythagorean", "meantone", "just"]
+    if temp not in valid:
+        print(f"  unknown temperament: {temp}")
+        print(f"  available: {', '.join(valid)}")
+        return
+    session.score.temperament = temp
+    print(f"  temperament={temp}")
+
+
+def cmd_reference(session, args):
+    """Set the reference pitch (A4 frequency)."""
+    if not args:
+        ref = getattr(session.score, 'reference_pitch', 440.0)
+        print(f"  reference={ref} Hz")
+        return
+    ref = float(args[0])
+    session.score.reference_pitch = ref
+    print(f"  reference={ref} Hz")
+
+
+def cmd_instruments(session, args):
+    """List all available instruments."""
+    cols = 3
+    for i in range(0, len(_INSTRUMENT_NAMES), cols):
+        row = _INSTRUMENT_NAMES[i:i + cols]
+        print("  " + "  ".join(f"{name:<22s}" for name in row))
+
+
 def cmd_circle(session, args):
     """Show circle of fifths."""
     tonic = args[0] if args else session.key.tonic_name
@@ -560,7 +674,10 @@ def cmd_clear(session, args):
 def cmd_status(session, args):
     parts = ", ".join(session.parts.keys()) if session.parts else "none"
     active = session.current_part.name if session.current_part else "none"
+    temp = getattr(session.score, 'temperament', 'equal')
+    ref = getattr(session.score, 'reference_pitch', 440.0)
     print(f"  key={session.key}  bpm={session.bpm}  swing={session.swing}")
+    print(f"  temperament={temp}  reference={ref} Hz")
     print(f"  drums={session._drum_preset or 'none'}  parts=[{parts}]  active={active}")
 
 
@@ -607,6 +724,12 @@ COMMANDS = {
     "interval": cmd_interval,
     "identify": cmd_identify, "id": cmd_identify,
     "circle": cmd_circle,
+    "strum": cmd_strum,
+    "roll": cmd_roll,
+    "bend": cmd_bend,
+    "temperament": cmd_temperament, "temp": cmd_temperament,
+    "reference": cmd_reference, "ref": cmd_reference,
+    "instruments": cmd_instruments,
     "clear": cmd_clear,
     "status": cmd_status,
 }
@@ -653,9 +776,43 @@ def _prompt(session):
 # ── Tab completion ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 _SYNTH_NAMES = ["sine", "saw", "triangle", "square", "pulse", "fm",
-                "noise", "supersaw", "pwm_slow", "pwm_fast"]
+                "noise", "supersaw", "pwm_slow", "pwm_fast",
+                "pedal_steel_synth", "theremin_synth", "kalimba_synth",
+                "steel_drum_synth", "accordion_synth", "didgeridoo_synth",
+                "bagpipe_synth", "banjo_synth", "mandolin_synth",
+                "ukulele_synth", "vocal_synth", "granular_synth",
+                "piano_synth", "organ_synth", "harpsichord_synth",
+                "strings_synth", "cello_synth", "flute_synth",
+                "clarinet_synth", "oboe_synth", "trumpet_synth",
+                "acoustic_guitar_synth", "electric_guitar_synth",
+                "bass_guitar_synth", "upright_bass_synth", "harp_synth",
+                "sitar_synth", "pluck_synth", "saxophone_synth",
+                "marimba_synth", "timpani_synth"]
+_INSTRUMENT_NAMES = [
+    # Keys
+    "piano", "electric_piano", "organ", "harpsichord", "celesta", "music_box",
+    # Strings
+    "violin", "viola", "cello", "contrabass", "string_ensemble",
+    # Woodwinds
+    "flute", "clarinet", "oboe", "bassoon",
+    # Brass
+    "trumpet", "trombone", "french_horn", "tuba", "brass_ensemble",
+    # Plucked
+    "acoustic_guitar", "electric_guitar", "clean_guitar", "crunch_guitar",
+    "distorted_guitar", "orange_crunch", "metal_guitar", "bass_guitar",
+    "upright_bass", "harp", "sitar", "pedal_steel", "theremin", "kalimba",
+    "steel_drum", "accordion", "didgeridoo", "bagpipe", "banjo", "mandolin",
+    "mandola", "ukulele", "koto",
+    # Synth presets
+    "synth_lead", "synth_pad", "synth_bass", "acid_bass",
+    "granular_pad", "vocal", "choir", "granular_texture", "808_bass",
+    # Percussion / Mallet
+    "vibraphone", "marimba", "xylophone", "glockenspiel", "tubular_bells", "timpani",
+    # Woodwinds (continued)
+    "saxophone", "alto_sax", "tenor_sax", "bari_sax",
+]
 _ENVELOPE_NAMES = ["piano", "pluck", "pad", "organ", "bell", "strings",
-                   "staccato", "none"]
+                   "staccato", "bowed", "mallet", "none"]
 _ARP_PATTERNS = ["up", "down", "updown", "downup", "random"]
 _LFO_SHAPES = ["sine", "triangle", "saw", "square"]
 _SYSTEMS = ["western", "indian", "arabic", "japanese", "blues", "gamelan"]
@@ -667,7 +824,7 @@ _CHORD_SUFFIXES = ["", "m", "7", "m7", "maj7", "dim", "aug", "sus2", "sus4",
 # Context-aware completions for the second word
 _ARG_COMPLETIONS = {
     "drums": lambda: Pattern.list_presets(),
-    "part": lambda: _SYNTH_NAMES,
+    "part": lambda: _SYNTH_NAMES + _INSTRUMENT_NAMES,
     "key": lambda: [f"{n}m" for n in _NOTE_NAMES[:12]] + _NOTE_NAMES[:12],
     "arp": lambda: [f"{n}{s}" for n in _NOTE_NAMES[:7] for s in _CHORD_SUFFIXES[:6]],
     "add": lambda: [f"{n}{o}" for n in _NOTE_NAMES[:12] for o in ["3", "4", "5"]],
@@ -679,6 +836,12 @@ _ARG_COMPLETIONS = {
                     "lowpass_q", "reverb_decay", "delay_time", "delay_feedback",
                     "distortion_drive"],
     "identify": lambda: [f"{n}{s}" for n in _NOTE_NAMES[:7] for s in _CHORD_SUFFIXES[:6]],
+    "strum": lambda: [f"{n}{s}" for n in _NOTE_NAMES[:7] for s in _CHORD_SUFFIXES[:6]],
+    "roll": lambda: [f"{n}{o}" for n in _NOTE_NAMES[:12] for o in ["2", "3", "4", "5"]],
+    "bend": lambda: [f"{n}{o}" for n in _NOTE_NAMES[:12] for o in ["3", "4", "5"]],
+    "temperament": lambda: ["equal", "pythagorean", "meantone", "just"],
+    "reference": lambda: ["440", "432", "415", "444"],
+    "instruments": lambda: _INSTRUMENT_NAMES,
 }
 
 
@@ -705,6 +868,12 @@ def _completer(text, state):
         elif cmd == "arp" and len(tokens) == 3:
             # Pattern for arp
             options = [p for p in _ARP_PATTERNS if p.startswith(text)]
+        elif cmd == "strum" and len(tokens) == 4:
+            # Direction for strum
+            options = [d for d in ["down", "up"] if d.startswith(text)]
+        elif cmd == "bend" and len(tokens) == 5:
+            # Bend type
+            options = [t for t in ["smooth", "linear", "late"] if t.startswith(text)]
         elif cmd == "lfo" and len(tokens) >= 7:
             # Shape for lfo
             options = [s for s in _LFO_SHAPES if s.startswith(text)]

pytheory/rhythm.py

@@ -14,11 +14,8 @@ from typing import Optional
 INSTRUMENTS = {
     # ── Keys ──
     "piano": {
-        "synth": "fm", "envelope": "piano",
-        "fm_ratio": 1.0, "fm_index": 1.5,
-        "detune": 5, "chorus": 0.1, "chorus_rate": 0.3,
-        "lowpass": 6000, "saturation": 0.1,
-        "vel_to_filter": 3000, "noise_mix": 0.02,
+        "synth": "piano_synth", "envelope": "none",
+        "vel_to_filter": 3000,
     },
     "electric_piano": {  # Rhodes/Wurlitzer
         "synth": "fm", "envelope": "piano",
@@ -26,16 +23,17 @@ INSTRUMENTS = {
         "detune": 6, "chorus": 0.2, "chorus_rate": 1.0,
         "lowpass": 4000, "saturation": 0.15,
         "tremolo_depth": 0.15, "tremolo_rate": 4.5,
+        "analog": 0.2,
     },
     "organ": {
         "synth": "organ_synth", "envelope": "organ",
         "chorus": 0.2, "chorus_rate": 5.5,
         "lowpass": 5000,
         "phaser": 0.15, "phaser_rate": 0.4,
+        "analog": 0.15,
     },
     "harpsichord": {
-        "synth": "pluck_synth", "envelope": "none",
-        "lowpass": 3500,
+        "synth": "harpsichord_synth", "envelope": "none",
     },
     "celesta": {
         "synth": "fm", "envelope": "mallet",
@@ -63,10 +61,8 @@ INSTRUMENTS = {
         "noise_mix": 0.03,
     },
     "cello": {
-        "synth": "strings_synth", "envelope": "bowed",
-        "detune": 2, "lowpass": 2500,
+        "synth": "cello_synth", "envelope": "bowed",
         "humanize": 0.15, "vel_to_filter": 1000,
-        "noise_mix": 0.02,
     },
     "contrabass": {
         "synth": "strings_synth", "envelope": "bowed",
@@ -84,21 +80,18 @@ INSTRUMENTS = {
 
     # ── Woodwinds ──
     "flute": {
-        "synth": "sine", "envelope": "strings",
-        "lowpass": 4000,
-        "humanize": 0.2, "noise_mix": 0.08,
+        "synth": "flute_synth", "envelope": "strings",
+        "humanize": 0.2,
         "vel_to_filter": 2000,
     },
     "clarinet": {
-        "synth": "square", "envelope": "strings",
-        "lowpass": 3000,
-        "humanize": 0.15, "noise_mix": 0.05,
+        "synth": "clarinet_synth", "envelope": "strings",
+        "humanize": 0.15,
         "vel_to_filter": 1500,
     },
     "oboe": {
-        "synth": "saw", "envelope": "strings",
-        "lowpass": 3500, "lowpass_q": 1.2,
-        "humanize": 0.15, "noise_mix": 0.04,
+        "synth": "oboe_synth", "envelope": "strings",
+        "humanize": 0.15,
         "vel_to_filter": 1000,
     },
     "bassoon": {
@@ -110,16 +103,13 @@ INSTRUMENTS = {
 
     # ── Brass ──
     "trumpet": {
-        "synth": "saw", "envelope": "bowed",
-        "detune": 3, "lowpass": 4000, "lowpass_q": 1.1,
+        "synth": "trumpet_synth", "envelope": "bowed",
         "humanize": 0.15, "vel_to_filter": 2000,
-        "saturation": 0.1,
     },
     "trombone": {
-        "synth": "saw", "envelope": "strings",
-        "detune": 3, "lowpass": 2500,
+        "synth": "trumpet_synth", "envelope": "strings",
+        "lowpass": 2500,
         "humanize": 0.15, "vel_to_filter": 1500,
-        "saturation": 0.1,
     },
     "french_horn": {
         "synth": "saw", "envelope": "strings",
@@ -143,34 +133,61 @@ INSTRUMENTS = {
 
     # ── Plucked ──
     "acoustic_guitar": {
-        "synth": "pluck_synth", "envelope": "none",
-        "lowpass": 4000,
-        "humanize": 0.2,
+        "synth": "acoustic_guitar_synth", "envelope": "none",
+        "humanize": 0.2, "saturation": 0.05,
     },
     "electric_guitar": {
-        "synth": "saw", "envelope": "pluck",
-        "detune": 5, "lowpass": 3500,
+        "synth": "electric_guitar_synth", "envelope": "none",
+        "cabinet": 1.0, "cabinet_brightness": 0.6,
+        "humanize": 0.15,
+    },
+    "clean_guitar": {
+        "synth": "electric_guitar_synth", "envelope": "none",
+        "cabinet": 1.0, "cabinet_brightness": 0.7,
+        "chorus": 0.15, "chorus_rate": 1.0,
+        "reverb": 0.2, "reverb_type": "spring",
+        "humanize": 0.15,
+    },
+    "crunch_guitar": {
+        "synth": "electric_guitar_synth", "envelope": "none",
+        "saturation": 0.3,
+        "distortion": 0.5, "distortion_drive": 4.0,
+        "cabinet": 1.0, "cabinet_brightness": 0.5,
         "humanize": 0.15,
     },
     "distorted_guitar": {
-        "synth": "saw", "envelope": "pluck",
-        "detune": 8, "distortion": 0.6, "distortion_drive": 5.0,
-        "lowpass": 3000, "saturation": 0.3,
+        "synth": "electric_guitar_synth", "envelope": "none",
+        "saturation": 0.3,
+        "distortion": 0.7, "distortion_drive": 5.0,
+        "cabinet": 1.0, "cabinet_brightness": 0.5,
         "humanize": 0.15,
     },
+    "orange_crunch": {
+        "synth": "electric_guitar_synth", "envelope": "none",
+        "saturation": 0.4,
+        "distortion": 0.7, "distortion_drive": 6.0,
+        "cabinet": 1.0, "cabinet_brightness": 0.4,
+        "humanize": 0.15,
+    },
+    "metal_guitar": {
+        "synth": "electric_guitar_synth", "envelope": "none",
+        "saturation": 0.35,
+        "distortion": 0.8, "distortion_drive": 7.0,
+        "cabinet": 1.0, "cabinet_brightness": 0.5,
+        "highpass": 80,
+        "detune": 4,
+        "humanize": 0.1,
+    },
     "bass_guitar": {
-        "synth": "triangle", "envelope": "pluck",
-        "lowpass": 1000,
-        "humanize": 0.1, "sub_osc": 0.2,
+        "synth": "bass_guitar_synth", "envelope": "none",
+        "humanize": 0.1, "sub_osc": 0.15,
     },
     "upright_bass": {
-        "synth": "triangle", "envelope": "pluck",
-        "lowpass": 800,
+        "synth": "upright_bass_synth", "envelope": "none",
         "humanize": 0.15, "saturation": 0.1,
     },
     "harp": {
-        "synth": "pluck_synth", "envelope": "none",
-        "lowpass": 5000,
+        "synth": "harp_synth", "envelope": "none",
         "reverb": 0.3, "reverb_type": "plate",
     },
     "sitar": {
@@ -178,11 +195,64 @@ INSTRUMENTS = {
         "detune": 12, "lowpass": 3000, "lowpass_q": 1.5,
         "humanize": 0.2,
     },
+    "pedal_steel": {
+        "synth": "pedal_steel_synth", "envelope": "strings",
+        "reverb": 0.3, "reverb_type": "spring",
+        "humanize": 0.15,
+    },
+    "theremin": {
+        "synth": "theremin_synth", "envelope": "pad",
+        "legato": True, "glide": 0.05,
+        "reverb": 0.3, "reverb_type": "plate",
+    },
+    "kalimba": {
+        "synth": "kalimba_synth", "envelope": "none",
+        "reverb": 0.35, "reverb_type": "plate",
+    },
+    "steel_drum": {
+        "synth": "steel_drum_synth", "envelope": "none",
+        "reverb": 0.3, "reverb_type": "plate",
+    },
+    "accordion": {
+        "synth": "accordion_synth", "envelope": "organ",
+        "humanize": 0.15,
+    },
+    "didgeridoo": {
+        "synth": "didgeridoo_synth", "envelope": "pad",
+        "lowpass": 1500,
+        "reverb": 0.4, "reverb_type": "cave",
+    },
+    "bagpipe": {
+        "synth": "bagpipe_synth", "envelope": "organ",
+        "lowpass": 4000,
+    },
+    "banjo": {
+        "synth": "banjo_synth", "envelope": "none",
+        "humanize": 0.2,
+    },
+    "mandolin": {
+        "synth": "mandolin_synth", "envelope": "none",
+        "humanize": 0.2,
+    },
+    "mandola": {
+        "synth": "mandolin_synth", "envelope": "none",
+        "lowpass": 3000,
+        "humanize": 0.2,
+    },
+    "ukulele": {
+        "synth": "ukulele_synth", "envelope": "none",
+        "humanize": 0.2,
+    },
     "koto": {
         "synth": "pluck_synth", "envelope": "none",
         "lowpass": 4000,
         "reverb": 0.2,
     },
+    "sitar": {
+        "synth": "sitar_synth", "envelope": "none",
+        "lowpass": 4500,
+        "humanize": 0.2,
+    },
 
     # ── Synth presets ──
     "synth_lead": {
@@ -191,6 +261,7 @@ INSTRUMENTS = {
         "delay": 0.2, "delay_time": 0.25, "delay_feedback": 0.3,
         "filter_attack": 0.01, "filter_decay": 0.3,
         "filter_sustain": 0.2, "filter_amount": 3000,
+        "analog": 0.3,
     },
     "synth_pad": {
         "synth": "supersaw", "envelope": "pad",
@@ -198,6 +269,7 @@ INSTRUMENTS = {
         "chorus": 0.2,
         "phaser": 0.3, "phaser_rate": 0.3,
         "sub_osc": 0.2,
+        "analog": 0.4,
     },
     "synth_bass": {
         "synth": "saw", "envelope": "pluck",
@@ -205,6 +277,7 @@ INSTRUMENTS = {
         "filter_attack": 0.005, "filter_decay": 0.2,
         "filter_sustain": 0.0, "filter_amount": 2000,
         "sub_osc": 0.4,
+        "analog": 0.2,
     },
     "acid_bass": {
         "synth": "saw", "envelope": "pad",
@@ -214,6 +287,27 @@ INSTRUMENTS = {
         "filter_attack": 0.005, "filter_decay": 0.15,
         "filter_sustain": 0.0, "filter_amount": 4000,
         "vel_to_filter": 3000,
+        "analog": 0.3,
+    },
+    "granular_pad": {
+        "synth": "granular_synth", "envelope": "pad",
+        "reverb": 0.4, "reverb_type": "cathedral",
+        "analog": 0.3,
+    },
+    "vocal": {
+        "synth": "vocal_synth", "envelope": "strings",
+        "reverb": 0.3, "reverb_type": "hall",
+        "humanize": 0.15,
+    },
+    "choir": {
+        "synth": "vocal_synth", "envelope": "pad",
+        "detune": 8, "spread": 0.4,
+        "reverb": 0.45, "reverb_type": "cathedral",
+    },
+    "granular_texture": {
+        "synth": "granular_synth", "envelope": "none",
+        "reverb": 0.5, "reverb_type": "taj_mahal",
+        "delay": 0.3, "delay_time": 0.4, "delay_feedback": 0.4,
     },
     "808_bass": {
         "synth": "sine", "envelope": "pluck",
@@ -231,8 +325,7 @@ INSTRUMENTS = {
         "reverb": 0.3, "reverb_type": "plate",
     },
     "marimba": {
-        "synth": "sine", "envelope": "mallet",
-        "lowpass": 3000,
+        "synth": "marimba_synth", "envelope": "mallet",
     },
     "xylophone": {
         "synth": "fm", "envelope": "pluck",
@@ -250,6 +343,31 @@ INSTRUMENTS = {
         "fm_ratio": 2.0, "fm_index": 3.0,
         "reverb": 0.4, "reverb_type": "cathedral",
     },
+    "timpani": {
+        "synth": "timpani_synth", "envelope": "none",
+        "reverb": 0.4, "reverb_type": "cathedral",
+    },
+
+    # ── Woodwinds (continued) ──
+    "saxophone": {
+        "synth": "saxophone_synth", "envelope": "bowed",
+        "humanize": 0.15, "vel_to_filter": 1500,
+    },
+    "alto_sax": {
+        "synth": "saxophone_synth", "envelope": "bowed",
+        "humanize": 0.15, "vel_to_filter": 1800,
+    },
+    "tenor_sax": {
+        "synth": "saxophone_synth", "envelope": "bowed",
+        "lowpass": 3000,
+        "humanize": 0.15, "vel_to_filter": 1200,
+    },
+    "bari_sax": {
+        "synth": "saxophone_synth", "envelope": "bowed",
+        "lowpass": 2000,
+        "humanize": 0.15, "vel_to_filter": 800,
+        "sub_osc": 0.15,
+    },
 }
 
 
@@ -295,11 +413,19 @@ class TimeSignature:
 
 @dataclass
 class Note:
-    """A pairing of a sound (Tone, Chord, or None for rest) with a duration."""
+    """A pairing of a sound (Tone, Chord, or None for rest) with a duration.
+
+    The optional ``bend`` field specifies a pitch bend in semitones
+    applied over the note's duration. Positive = bend up, negative = down.
+    For example, ``bend=2`` bends the note up a whole step by the end.
+    """
 
     tone: object
     duration: Duration
     velocity: int = 100
+    bend: float = 0.0
+    bend_type: str = "smooth"  # "smooth" (log), "linear", "late"
+    lyric: str = ""  # syllable for vocal synth
 
     @property
     def beats(self) -> float:
@@ -376,6 +502,39 @@ class DrumSound(Enum):
     AGOGO_LOW = 68
     GUIRO = 73
     MARACAS = 70
+    # Tabla sounds
+    TABLA_NA = 86       # sharp dayan (right drum) rim hit
+    TABLA_TIN = 87      # open dayan ring
+    TABLA_GE = 88       # deep bayan (left drum) bass
+    TABLA_DHA = 89      # both drums (Na + Ge)
+    TABLA_TIT = 90      # light dayan flick
+    TABLA_KE = 91       # muted bayan slap
+    # Dhol sounds
+    DHOL_DAGGA = 92     # heavy bass side (dagga stick)
+    DHOL_TILLI = 93     # thin treble side (tilli stick)
+    DHOL_BOTH = 94      # both sides
+    # Dholak sounds
+    DHOLAK_GE = 95      # bass side (open palm)
+    DHOLAK_NA = 96      # treble side (fingers)
+    DHOLAK_TIT = 97     # light treble tap
+    # Mridangam sounds
+    MRIDANGAM_THAM = 98  # bass stroke (thoppi/left head)
+    MRIDANGAM_NAM = 99   # treble ring (valanthalai/right head)
+    MRIDANGAM_DIN = 100  # both heads
+    MRIDANGAM_THA = 101  # muted treble
+    TABLA_GE_BEND = 108  # bayan with upward pitch bend (palm press)
+    # Djembe sounds
+    DJEMBE_BASS = 102    # open bass (center of head)
+    DJEMBE_TONE = 103    # open tone (edge, fingers together)
+    DJEMBE_SLAP = 104    # slap (edge, fingers spread, sharp crack)
+    # Cajon sounds
+    CAJON_BASS = 108     # center of face, deep thump
+    CAJON_SLAP = 109     # top edge, snare wires buzz
+    CAJON_TAP = 110      # light finger tap
+    # Metal kit — tighter, punchier, more attack
+    METAL_KICK = 105     # clicky, punchy, tight
+    METAL_SNARE = 106    # crack, bright, cutting
+    METAL_HAT = 107      # tight, short, precise
 
 
 class _Hit:
@@ -1313,6 +1472,358 @@ Pattern._PRESETS["flamenco"] = dict(
     ],
 )
 
+# ── Tabla patterns ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Shortcuts for tabla sounds
+TNA = DrumSound.TABLA_NA
+TTI = DrumSound.TABLA_TIN
+TGE = DrumSound.TABLA_GE
+TDHA = DrumSound.TABLA_DHA
+TTIT = DrumSound.TABLA_TIT
+TKE = DrumSound.TABLA_KE
+
+# Teental — the most common taal (16 beats / 4+4+4+4)
+Pattern._PRESETS["teental"] = dict(
+    name="teental",
+    time_signature="4/4",
+    beats=16.0,
+    hits=[
+        # Vibhag 1: Dha Dhin Dhin Dha
+        _h(TDHA, 0.0), _h(TNA, 1.0), _h(TNA, 2.0), _h(TDHA, 3.0),
+        # Vibhag 2: Dha Dhin Dhin Dha
+        _h(TDHA, 4.0), _h(TNA, 5.0), _h(TNA, 6.0), _h(TDHA, 7.0),
+        # Vibhag 3 (khali): Dha Tin Tin Ta
+        _h(TDHA, 8.0), _h(TTI, 9.0), _h(TTI, 10.0), _h(TNA, 11.0),
+        # Vibhag 4: Dha Dhin Dhin Dha
+        _h(TDHA, 12.0), _h(TNA, 13.0), _h(TNA, 14.0), _h(TDHA, 15.0),
+    ],
+)
+
+# Jhaptaal — 10 beats (2+3+2+3)
+Pattern._PRESETS["jhaptaal"] = dict(
+    name="jhaptaal",
+    time_signature="4/4",
+    beats=10.0,
+    hits=[
+        # Dhi Na | Dhi Dhi Na | Ti Na | Dhi Dhi Na
+        _h(TDHA, 0.0), _h(TNA, 1.0),
+        _h(TDHA, 2.0), _h(TDHA, 3.0), _h(TNA, 4.0),
+        _h(TTI, 5.0), _h(TNA, 6.0),
+        _h(TDHA, 7.0), _h(TDHA, 8.0), _h(TNA, 9.0),
+    ],
+)
+
+# Rupak taal — 7 beats (3+2+2), starts on khali (unusual)
+Pattern._PRESETS["rupak"] = dict(
+    name="rupak",
+    time_signature="7/4",
+    beats=7.0,
+    hits=[
+        # Tin Tin Na | Dhi Na | Dhi Na
+        _h(TTI, 0.0), _h(TTI, 1.0), _h(TNA, 2.0),
+        _h(TDHA, 3.0), _h(TNA, 4.0),
+        _h(TDHA, 5.0), _h(TNA, 6.0),
+    ],
+)
+
+# Dadra — 6 beats (3+3), light and folk
+Pattern._PRESETS["dadra"] = dict(
+    name="dadra",
+    time_signature="6/4",
+    beats=6.0,
+    hits=[
+        # Dha Dhi Na | Dha Tin Na
+        _h(TDHA, 0.0), _h(TNA, 1.0), _h(TNA, 2.0),
+        _h(TDHA, 3.0), _h(TTI, 4.0), _h(TNA, 5.0),
+    ],
+)
+
+# Keherwa — 8 beats (4+4), the most common light taal
+Pattern._PRESETS["keherwa"] = dict(
+    name="keherwa",
+    time_signature="4/4",
+    beats=8.0,
+    hits=[
+        # Dha Ge Na Ti | Na Ke Dhi Na
+        _h(TDHA, 0.0), _h(TGE, 1.0), _h(TNA, 2.0), _h(TTIT, 3.0),
+        _h(TNA, 4.0), _h(TKE, 5.0), _h(TDHA, 6.0), _h(TNA, 7.0),
+    ],
+)
+
+# Tabla solo theka — fast 16th note pattern for rhythmic display
+Pattern._PRESETS["tabla solo"] = dict(
+    name="tabla solo",
+    time_signature="4/4",
+    beats=4.0,
+    hits=[
+        _h(TDHA, 0.0), _h(TTIT, 0.25), _h(TTIT, 0.5), _h(TKE, 0.75),
+        _h(TNA, 1.0), _h(TTIT, 1.25), _h(TGE, 1.5), _h(TNA, 1.75),
+        _h(TDHA, 2.0), _h(TNA, 2.25), _h(TTI, 2.5), _h(TNA, 2.75),
+        _h(TDHA, 3.0), _h(TTIT, 3.5), _h(TGE, 3.75),
+    ],
+)
+
+# ── Cajón patterns ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+CB = DrumSound.CAJON_BASS
+CSL = DrumSound.CAJON_SLAP
+CT = DrumSound.CAJON_TAP
+
+# Cajón flamenco — the classic acoustic percussion groove
+Pattern._PRESETS["cajon"] = dict(
+    name="cajon",
+    time_signature="4/4",
+    beats=4.0,
+    hits=[
+        _h(CB, 0.0, 85), _h(CT, 0.5, 35), _h(CT, 0.75, 38),
+        _h(CSL, 1.0, 80), _h(CT, 1.5, 32),
+        _h(CB, 2.0, 82), _h(CT, 2.5, 35), _h(CT, 2.75, 40),
+        _h(CSL, 3.0, 82), _h(CT, 3.25, 30), _h(CT, 3.5, 35),
+    ],
+)
+
+# Cajón rumba — Latin-flavored
+Pattern._PRESETS["cajon rumba"] = dict(
+    name="cajon rumba",
+    time_signature="4/4",
+    beats=4.0,
+    hits=[
+        _h(CB, 0.0, 88), _h(CT, 0.5, 38),
+        _h(CSL, 1.0, 78), _h(CT, 1.25, 32), _h(CB, 1.5, 72),
+        _h(CSL, 2.0, 82), _h(CT, 2.5, 35),
+        _h(CB, 3.0, 75), _h(CSL, 3.5, 80), _h(CT, 3.75, 38),
+    ],
+)
+
+# Cajón singer-songwriter — simple, supportive
+Pattern._PRESETS["cajon folk"] = dict(
+    name="cajon folk",
+    time_signature="4/4",
+    beats=4.0,
+    hits=[
+        _h(CB, 0.0, 80),
+        _h(CSL, 1.0, 72), _h(CT, 1.5, 30),
+        _h(CB, 2.0, 78),
+        _h(CSL, 3.0, 75),
+    ],
+)
+
+# ── Metal kit patterns ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+MK = DrumSound.METAL_KICK
+MS = DrumSound.METAL_SNARE
+MH = DrumSound.METAL_HAT
+
+# Metal double kick — the classic thrash/death metal beat
+Pattern._PRESETS["double kick"] = dict(
+    name="double kick",
+    time_signature="4/4",
+    beats=4.0,
+    hits=[
+        # Double kick 16ths, snare on 2 and 4, tight hats
+        *[_h(MK, i * 0.25) for i in range(16)],
+        _h(MS, 1.0), _h(MS, 3.0),
+        *[_h(MH, i * 0.5) for i in range(8)],
+    ],
+)
+
+# Metal blast — blast beat with metal kit sounds
+Pattern._PRESETS["metal blast"] = dict(
+    name="metal blast",
+    time_signature="4/4",
+    beats=4.0,
+    hits=[
+        *[_h(MK, i * 0.25) for i in range(16)],
+        *[_h(MS, i * 0.25) for i in range(16)],
+        *[_h(MH, i * 0.25) for i in range(16)],
+    ],
+)
+
+# Metal groove — half time with double kick fills
+Pattern._PRESETS["metal groove"] = dict(
+    name="metal groove",
+    time_signature="4/4",
+    beats=4.0,
+    hits=[
+        _h(MK, 0.0), _h(MH, 0.0),
+        _h(MH, 0.5),
+        _h(MS, 1.0), _h(MH, 1.0),
+        _h(MK, 1.5), _h(MH, 1.5),
+        _h(MK, 2.0), _h(MH, 2.0),
+        _h(MK, 2.25),
+        _h(MK, 2.5), _h(MH, 2.5),
+        _h(MK, 2.75),
+        _h(MS, 3.0), _h(MH, 3.0),
+        _h(MH, 3.5),
+    ],
+)
+
+# Metal gallop — the classic Iron Maiden triplet feel
+Pattern._PRESETS["metal gallop"] = dict(
+    name="metal gallop",
+    time_signature="4/4",
+    beats=4.0,
+    hits=[
+        _h(MK, 0.0), _h(MH, 0.0),
+        _h(MK, 0.33), _h(MK, 0.67),
+        _h(MS, 1.0), _h(MH, 1.0),
+        _h(MK, 1.33), _h(MK, 1.67),
+        _h(MK, 2.0), _h(MH, 2.0),
+        _h(MK, 2.33), _h(MK, 2.67),
+        _h(MS, 3.0), _h(MH, 3.0),
+        _h(MK, 3.33), _h(MK, 3.67),
+    ],
+)
+
+# Tabla tiri-kita — rapid 16th-note dayan patter
+Pattern._PRESETS["tiri kita"] = dict(
+    name="tiri kita",
+    time_signature="4/4",
+    beats=4.0,
+    hits=[
+        # Ti ri ki ta | dha ti ri ki | ta ka dhi na | dha — ti dha
+        _h(TTIT, 0.0), _h(TTIT, 0.25), _h(TKE, 0.5), _h(TNA, 0.75),
+        _h(TDHA, 1.0), _h(TTIT, 1.25), _h(TTIT, 1.5), _h(TKE, 1.75),
+        _h(TNA, 2.0), _h(TKE, 2.25), _h(TDHA, 2.5), _h(TNA, 2.75),
+        _h(TDHA, 3.0), _h(TTIT, 3.5), _h(TDHA, 3.75),
+    ],
+)
+
+# ── Dhol patterns ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+DD = DrumSound.DHOL_DAGGA
+DT = DrumSound.DHOL_TILLI
+DB = DrumSound.DHOL_BOTH
+
+# Bhangra — the classic punjabi groove
+Pattern._PRESETS["bhangra"] = dict(
+    name="bhangra",
+    time_signature="4/4",
+    beats=4.0,
+    hits=[
+        # Dagga on 1, tilli fills, both on 3
+        _h(DD, 0.0), _h(DT, 0.5), _h(DT, 0.75),
+        _h(DT, 1.0), _h(DT, 1.5),
+        _h(DB, 2.0), _h(DT, 2.5), _h(DT, 2.75),
+        _h(DD, 3.0), _h(DT, 3.25), _h(DT, 3.5), _h(DT, 3.75),
+    ],
+)
+
+# Dhol chaal — driving folk pattern
+Pattern._PRESETS["dhol chaal"] = dict(
+    name="dhol chaal",
+    time_signature="4/4",
+    beats=4.0,
+    hits=[
+        _h(DB, 0.0), _h(DT, 0.25), _h(DD, 0.5),
+        _h(DT, 1.0), _h(DT, 1.25), _h(DT, 1.5), _h(DD, 1.75),
+        _h(DB, 2.0), _h(DT, 2.25), _h(DD, 2.5),
+        _h(DT, 3.0), _h(DT, 3.25), _h(DT, 3.5), _h(DT, 3.75),
+    ],
+)
+
+# ── Dholak patterns ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+DKG = DrumSound.DHOLAK_GE
+DKN = DrumSound.DHOLAK_NA
+DKT = DrumSound.DHOLAK_TIT
+
+# Qawwali — driving devotional pattern
+Pattern._PRESETS["qawwali"] = dict(
+    name="qawwali",
+    time_signature="4/4",
+    beats=4.0,
+    hits=[
+        _h(DKG, 0.0), _h(DKN, 0.5), _h(DKT, 0.75),
+        _h(DKN, 1.0), _h(DKG, 1.5),
+        _h(DKG, 2.0), _h(DKN, 2.5), _h(DKT, 2.75),
+        _h(DKN, 3.0), _h(DKT, 3.25), _h(DKN, 3.5), _h(DKG, 3.75),
+    ],
+)
+
+# Dholak folk — light folk music pattern
+Pattern._PRESETS["dholak folk"] = dict(
+    name="dholak folk",
+    time_signature="4/4",
+    beats=4.0,
+    hits=[
+        _h(DKG, 0.0), _h(DKN, 1.0), _h(DKT, 1.5),
+        _h(DKG, 2.0), _h(DKN, 3.0), _h(DKT, 3.5),
+    ],
+)
+
+# ── Mridangam patterns ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+MTH = DrumSound.MRIDANGAM_THAM
+MN = DrumSound.MRIDANGAM_NAM
+MD = DrumSound.MRIDANGAM_DIN
+MTA = DrumSound.MRIDANGAM_THA
+
+# Adi talam — the fundamental Carnatic rhythm (8 beats: 4+2+2)
+Pattern._PRESETS["adi talam"] = dict(
+    name="adi talam",
+    time_signature="4/4",
+    beats=8.0,
+    hits=[
+        # Tha Din | Tha ka | Dhi na | Tha ka
+        _h(MD, 0.0), _h(MN, 1.0),
+        _h(MTH, 2.0), _h(MTA, 3.0),
+        _h(MD, 4.0), _h(MN, 5.0),
+        _h(MTH, 6.0), _h(MTA, 7.0),
+    ],
+)
+
+# Mridangam korvai — rhythmic cadence pattern
+Pattern._PRESETS["mridangam korvai"] = dict(
+    name="mridangam korvai",
+    time_signature="4/4",
+    beats=4.0,
+    hits=[
+        _h(MD, 0.0), _h(MN, 0.25), _h(MTA, 0.5), _h(MN, 0.75),
+        _h(MTH, 1.0), _h(MN, 1.25), _h(MN, 1.5), _h(MTH, 1.75),
+        _h(MD, 2.0), _h(MTA, 2.25), _h(MN, 2.5), _h(MTA, 2.75),
+        _h(MD, 3.0), _h(MN, 3.5), _h(MD, 3.75),
+    ],
+)
+
+# ── Djembe patterns ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+JB = DrumSound.DJEMBE_BASS
+JT = DrumSound.DJEMBE_TONE
+JS = DrumSound.DJEMBE_SLAP
+
+# Djembe — standard West African pattern
+Pattern._PRESETS["djembe"] = dict(
+    name="djembe",
+    time_signature="4/4",
+    beats=4.0,
+    hits=[
+        _h(JB, 0.0), _h(JT, 0.5), _h(JT, 0.75),
+        _h(JS, 1.0), _h(JT, 1.5),
+        _h(JB, 2.0), _h(JT, 2.5), _h(JT, 2.75),
+        _h(JS, 3.0), _h(JT, 3.25), _h(JS, 3.5),
+    ],
+)
+
+# Kuku — traditional Guinean harvest dance rhythm
+Pattern._PRESETS["kuku"] = dict(
+    name="kuku",
+    time_signature="4/4",
+    beats=4.0,
+    hits=[
+        _h(JS, 0.0), _h(JS, 0.5),
+        _h(JT, 1.0), _h(JB, 1.5),
+        _h(JS, 2.0), _h(JS, 2.5),
+        _h(JT, 3.0), _h(JT, 3.25), _h(JB, 3.5),
+    ],
+)
+
+# Soli — powerful Mandinka rhythm
+Pattern._PRESETS["soli"] = dict(
+    name="soli",
+    time_signature="4/4",
+    beats=4.0,
+    hits=[
+        _h(JB, 0.0), _h(JT, 0.25), _h(JS, 0.5), _h(JT, 0.75),
+        _h(JB, 1.0), _h(JS, 1.5),
+        _h(JB, 2.0), _h(JT, 2.25), _h(JS, 2.5), _h(JT, 2.75),
+        _h(JB, 3.0), _h(JT, 3.5), _h(JS, 3.75),
+    ],
+)
+
 # ── Fill presets ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 Pattern._FILLS["rock"] = dict(
@@ -1632,6 +2143,9 @@ class Part:
                  tremolo_rate: float = 5.0,
                  phaser: float = 0.0,
                  phaser_rate: float = 0.5,
+                 cabinet: float = 0.0,
+                 cabinet_brightness: float = 0.5,
+                 analog: float = 0.0,
                  fm_ratio: float = 2.0,
                  fm_index: float = 3.0):
         self.name = name
@@ -1675,19 +2189,27 @@ class Part:
         self.tremolo_rate = tremolo_rate
         self.phaser_mix = phaser
         self.phaser_rate = phaser_rate
+        self.cabinet = cabinet
+        self.cabinet_brightness = cabinet_brightness
+        self.analog = analog
         self.fm_ratio = fm_ratio
         self.fm_index = fm_index
         self._system = "western"  # default, overridden by Score.part()
+        self._fretboard = None    # set by Score.part(fretboard=...)
         self.notes: list[Note] = []
         self._drum_hits: list[_Hit] = []
         self._drum_pattern_beats: float = 0.0
         self._automation: list[tuple[float, dict]] = []  # (beat, {param: value})
 
-    def add(self, tone_or_string, duration=Duration.QUARTER, *, velocity: int = 100) -> "Part":
+    def add(self, tone_or_string, duration=Duration.QUARTER, *, velocity: int = 100,
+            bend: float = 0.0, bend_type: str = "smooth", lyric: str = "") -> "Part":
         """Add a note. Accepts Tone/Chord objects or note strings like ``"E5"``.
 
         Duration can be a ``Duration`` enum or a raw float (beats).
         Velocity controls loudness (1-127, default 100).
+        Bend specifies a pitch bend in semitones over the note duration
+        (e.g. ``bend=2`` bends up a whole step, ``bend=-1`` bends down
+        a half step). Used for guitar bends, sitar meends, slides.
 
         Returns self for chaining.
         """
@@ -1696,7 +2218,9 @@ class Part:
             tone_or_string = Tone.from_string(tone_or_string, system=self._system)
         if isinstance(duration, (int, float)):
             duration = _RawDuration(duration)
-        self.notes.append(Note(tone=tone_or_string, duration=duration, velocity=velocity))
+        self.notes.append(Note(tone=tone_or_string, duration=duration,
+                               velocity=velocity, bend=bend,
+                               bend_type=bend_type, lyric=lyric))
         return self
 
     def set(self, **params) -> "Part":
@@ -1761,6 +2285,7 @@ class Part:
             "delay_mix": self.delay_mix, "delay_time": self.delay_time,
             "delay_feedback": self.delay_feedback,
             "phaser_mix": self.phaser_mix, "phaser_rate": self.phaser_rate,
+            "cabinet": self.cabinet, "cabinet_brightness": self.cabinet_brightness,
             "highpass": self.highpass, "highpass_q": self.highpass_q,
             "lowpass": self.lowpass, "lowpass_q": self.lowpass_q,
             "distortion_mix": self.distortion_mix,
@@ -1978,6 +2503,138 @@ class Part:
 
         return self
 
+    def strum(self, chord_name: str, duration=Duration.QUARTER, *,
+              direction: str = "down", velocity: int = 100,
+              strum_time: float = 0.05) -> "Part":
+        """Strum a chord using the part's fretboard fingering.
+
+        Looks up the chord on the fretboard, gets the fingering, and
+        adds each string as a rapid sequence with tiny time offsets —
+        like a real guitar strum. Muted strings are skipped.
+
+        Args:
+            chord_name: Chord name (e.g. ``"Am"``, ``"G"``, ``"D"``).
+            duration: Total duration of the strum (default QUARTER).
+            direction: ``"down"`` (low→high, default) or ``"up"`` (high→low).
+            velocity: Base velocity (each string gets slight variation).
+            strum_time: Time in beats for the full strum sweep
+                (default 0.03 = very fast). Larger values = slower,
+                more audible strum. Try 0.1 for a lazy strum.
+
+        Returns:
+            Self for chaining.
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> guitar = score.part("guitar", instrument="acoustic_guitar",
+            ...                     fretboard=Fretboard.guitar())
+            >>> guitar.strum("Am", Duration.HALF)
+            >>> guitar.strum("G", Duration.HALF, direction="up")
+        """
+        if self._fretboard is None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Cannot strum without a fretboard. "
+                "Set fretboard= when creating the part."
+            )
+        from .charts import CHARTS
+
+        # Get the fingering
+        system_name = self._system if isinstance(self._system, str) else "western"
+        if system_name in CHARTS:
+            chart = CHARTS[system_name]
+        else:
+            chart = CHARTS["western"]
+        if chord_name in chart:
+            fingering = chart[chord_name].fingering(fretboard=self._fretboard)
+        else:
+            # Try fretboard.chord() as fallback
+            fingering = self._fretboard.chord(chord_name)
+
+        # Get the sounding tones (skips muted strings)
+        tones = fingering.tones  # list of Tone objects, high to low
+
+        if not tones:
+            self.rest(duration)
+            return self
+
+        # Order: down strum = low to high (reverse since tones are high-to-low)
+        if direction == "down":
+            strum_tones = list(reversed(tones))
+        else:
+            strum_tones = list(tones)
+
+        if hasattr(duration, 'value'):
+            total_beats = duration.value
+        else:
+            total_beats = float(duration)
+
+        # Build a Chord — all strings ring together through the
+        # shared body resonance, like a real guitar
+        from .chords import Chord as ChordClass
+        chord_obj = ChordClass(tones=strum_tones)
+
+        # Strum sweep: quick individual string hits before the chord.
+        # Only the first 2-3 strings get a tiny grace note, the rest
+        # ring together as the full chord. Gives the strum feel without
+        # sounding like separate plucks.
+        n_strings = len(strum_tones)
+        if strum_time > 0.02 and n_strings >= 3:
+            n_grace = min(2, n_strings - 1)
+            per_grace = strum_time / n_grace
+            grace_vel = max(1, int(velocity * 0.25))
+            for i in range(n_grace):
+                self.add(strum_tones[i], per_grace, velocity=grace_vel)
+            ring = max(0.1, total_beats - strum_time)
+            self.add(chord_obj, ring, velocity=velocity)
+        else:
+            self.add(chord_obj, total_beats, velocity=velocity)
+
+        return self
+
+    def roll(self, tone_or_string, duration=Duration.WHOLE, *,
+             velocity_start: int = 40, velocity_end: int = 100,
+             speed=Duration.SIXTEENTH) -> "Part":
+        """Play a roll — rapid repeated notes with velocity ramp.
+
+        Perfect for timpani rolls, snare rolls, tremolo on any
+        instrument. The velocity ramps from ``velocity_start`` to
+        ``velocity_end`` over the duration for crescendo/decrescendo.
+
+        Args:
+            tone_or_string: The note to repeat.
+            duration: Total duration of the roll.
+            velocity_start: Velocity of the first hit (default 40).
+            velocity_end: Velocity of the last hit (default 100).
+            speed: How fast to repeat (default SIXTEENTH notes).
+
+        Returns:
+            Self for chaining.
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> timp = score.part("timp", instrument="timpani")
+            >>> timp.roll("C3", Duration.WHOLE, velocity_start=30, velocity_end=110)
+        """
+        if hasattr(duration, 'value'):
+            total = duration.value
+        else:
+            total = float(duration)
+        if hasattr(speed, 'value'):
+            step = speed.value
+        else:
+            step = float(speed)
+
+        n_hits = max(1, int(total / step))
+        for i in range(n_hits):
+            frac = i / max(1, n_hits - 1)
+            vel = int(velocity_start + (velocity_end - velocity_start) * frac)
+            vel = max(1, min(127, vel))
+            remaining = total - i * step
+            note_dur = min(step, remaining)
+            if note_dur > 0:
+                self.add(tone_or_string, note_dur, velocity=vel)
+        return self
+
     @property
     def is_drums(self) -> bool:
         """True if this part contains drum hits."""
@@ -2180,8 +2837,12 @@ class Score:
              tremolo_rate: float = None,
              phaser: float = None,
              phaser_rate: float = None,
+             cabinet: float = None,
+             cabinet_brightness: float = None,
+             analog: float = None,
              fm_ratio: float = None,
-             fm_index: float = None) -> Part:
+             fm_index: float = None,
+             fretboard=None) -> Part:
         """Create a named part with its own synth voice and effects.
 
         Args:
@@ -2290,6 +2951,8 @@ class Score:
             "saturation": saturation,
             "tremolo_depth": tremolo_depth, "tremolo_rate": tremolo_rate,
             "phaser": phaser, "phaser_rate": phaser_rate,
+            "cabinet": cabinet, "cabinet_brightness": cabinet_brightness,
+            "analog": analog,
             "fm_ratio": fm_ratio, "fm_index": fm_index,
         }
         for k, v in _locals.items():
@@ -2300,6 +2963,7 @@ class Score:
 
         p = Part(name, **merged)
         p._system = self.system
+        p._fretboard = fretboard
         self.parts[name] = p
         return p
 

pytheory/systems.py

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ from ._statics import (
     TEMPERAMENTS, TONES, DEGREES, SCALES,
     INDIAN_SCALES, ARABIC_SCALES, JAPANESE_SCALES,
     BLUES_SCALES, GAMELAN_SCALES, SYSTEMS,
-    TONES_SHRUTI, DEGREES_SHRUTI, SHRUTI_SCALES,
-    TONES_ARABIC_24, DEGREES_ARABIC_24, ARABIC_24_SCALES,
+    TONES_SHRUTI, DEGREES_SHRUTI, SHRUTI_SCALES, SHRUTI_RATIOS,
+    TONES_ARABIC_24, DEGREES_ARABIC_24, ARABIC_24_SCALES, MAQAM_RATIOS,
     TONES_SLENDRO, DEGREES_SLENDRO, SLENDRO_SCALES,
     TONES_PELOG, DEGREES_PELOG, PELOG_SCALES,
     TONES_THAI, DEGREES_THAI, THAI_SCALES,
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from ._statics import (
 
 class System:
     def __init__(self, *, tone_names, degrees, scales=None, c_index=None,
-                 period=2.0):
+                 period=2.0, ratios=None):
         self.tone_names = tone_names
 
         self.degrees = degrees
@@ -25,6 +25,11 @@ class System:
         # 3.0 for Bohlen-Pierce (tritave).
         self.period = period
 
+        # Custom frequency ratios: if set, overrides equal temperament.
+        # A list of N floats (one per tone), each relative to the first
+        # tone (1.0). For example, just intonation shruti ratios.
+        self.ratios = ratios
+
         # c_index: the index of the "reference C" in the tone list.
         # For octave arithmetic — scientific pitch changes octave at C.
         # Default 3 for 12-TET western (A=0, A#=1, B=2, C=3).
@@ -214,6 +219,17 @@ class System:
         # descending goes in meta?
         return {"intervals": scale, "hemitonic": hemitonic, "meta": {}}
 
+    def tone(self, name, octave=4):
+        """Create a Tone in this system. Shorthand for ``Tone(name, octave=octave, system=self)``.
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> edo19 = TET(19)
+            >>> edo19.tone(5, octave=4).frequency
+        """
+        from . import Tone
+        return Tone(name, octave=octave, system=self)
+
     def __repr__(self):
         return f"<System semitones={self.semitones!r}>"
 
@@ -352,9 +368,9 @@ SYSTEMS = {
     "31-tet": TET(31, names=_31TET_NAMES),
     # Microtonal systems with proper intervals (not 12-TET approximations)
     "shruti": System(tone_names=TONES_SHRUTI, degrees=DEGREES_SHRUTI,
-                     scales=SHRUTI_SCALES, c_index=5),
+                     scales=SHRUTI_SCALES, c_index=5, ratios=SHRUTI_RATIOS),
     "maqam": System(tone_names=TONES_ARABIC_24, degrees=DEGREES_ARABIC_24,
-                    scales=ARABIC_24_SCALES, c_index=5),
+                    scales=ARABIC_24_SCALES, c_index=5, ratios=MAQAM_RATIOS),
     "slendro": System(tone_names=TONES_SLENDRO, degrees=DEGREES_SLENDRO,
                       scales=SLENDRO_SCALES, c_index=1),
     "pelog": System(tone_names=TONES_PELOG, degrees=DEGREES_PELOG,

pytheory/tones.py

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class Tone:
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        name: str,
+        name,
         *,
         alt_names: Optional[list[str]] = None,
         octave: Optional[int] = None,
@@ -36,8 +36,10 @@ class Tone:
         """Initialize a Tone with a name, optional octave, and musical system.
 
         Args:
-            name: The note name (e.g. ``"C"``, ``"C#4"``). If the name
-                contains a digit, it is parsed as the octave.
+            name: The note name as a string (``"C"``, ``"C#4"``) or an int
+                for numbered systems (``0``, ``11``). Ints are converted to
+                strings and wrapped to the system's range (e.g. 22 in a
+                22-tone system becomes 0 at octave+1).
             alt_names: Alternate spellings for this tone (e.g. enharmonics).
             octave: The octave number. Overrides any octave parsed from *name*.
             system: The tuning system, either as a string key (``"western"``)
@@ -46,6 +48,23 @@ class Tone:
         if alt_names is None:
             alt_names = []
 
+        # Int tone names: wrap to system range, adjust octave
+        if isinstance(name, int):
+            if isinstance(system, str):
+                from .systems import SYSTEMS
+                _sys = SYSTEMS[system]
+            else:
+                _sys = system
+            n_tones = len(_sys.tone_names)
+            if name < 0 or name >= n_tones:
+                extra_octaves = name // n_tones
+                name = name % n_tones
+                if octave is None:
+                    octave = 4 + extra_octaves
+                else:
+                    octave += extra_octaves
+            name = str(name)
+
         if isinstance(name, str):
             # Normalize unicode music symbols to ASCII equivalents
             name = (name
@@ -70,6 +89,35 @@ class Tone:
                     if octave is None:
                         octave = parsed_octave
 
+        # Octave boundary fix: B#→C should increment octave,
+        # Cb→B should decrement octave (scientific pitch changes at C).
+        # Only applies to Western-style systems with letter names.
+        if octave is not None and name and name[0].isalpha():
+            if isinstance(system, str):
+                from .systems import SYSTEMS
+                _sys_check = SYSTEMS.get(system)
+            else:
+                _sys_check = system
+            if _sys_check is not None:
+                resolved = _sys_check.resolve_name(name)
+                if resolved is not None and resolved != name:
+                    orig_letter = name[0].upper()
+                    res_letter = resolved[0].upper()
+                    # Sharp crossing B→C: B# resolves to C, octave up
+                    if orig_letter == 'B' and res_letter == 'C' and '#' in name:
+                        octave += 1
+                    # Double sharp: A## resolves to B — no boundary cross
+                    # But B## resolves to C# — boundary cross
+                    if orig_letter == 'B' and res_letter not in ('B', 'A') and '##' in name:
+                        octave += 1
+                    # Flat crossing C→B: Cb resolves to B, octave down
+                    if orig_letter == 'C' and res_letter == 'B' and 'b' in name and name != 'C':
+                        octave -= 1
+                    # Double flat: D♭♭ resolves to C — no boundary cross
+                    # But C♭♭ resolves to Bb — boundary cross
+                    if orig_letter == 'C' and res_letter not in ('C', 'D') and 'bb' in name:
+                        octave -= 1
+
         self.name = name
         self.octave = octave
         self.alt_names = alt_names
@@ -762,11 +810,13 @@ class Tone:
         period = getattr(self.system, 'period', 2.0)
         c_idx = getattr(self.system, 'c_index', C_INDEX)
 
-        if period != 2.0 and temperament == "equal":
-            # Non-octave period (e.g. Bohlen-Pierce tritave=3.0):
-            # generate ratios as period^(n/tones) instead of 2^(n/tones)
-            import sympy
-            pitch_scale = [period ** sympy.Rational(i, tones) for i in range(tones + 1)]
+        # Custom ratios override temperament (e.g. shruti just ratios)
+        custom_ratios = getattr(self.system, 'ratios', None)
+        if custom_ratios is not None:
+            pitch_scale = list(custom_ratios) + [period]
+        elif period != 2.0 and temperament == "equal":
+            # Non-octave period (e.g. Bohlen-Pierce tritave=3.0)
+            pitch_scale = [period ** (i / tones) for i in range(tones + 1)]
         else:
             pitch_scale = TEMPERAMENTS[temperament](tones)
         octave = self.octave if self.octave is not None else 4
@@ -783,7 +833,7 @@ class Tone:
         if symbolic:
             return reference_pitch * ratio
         else:
-            result = reference_pitch * ratio
+            result = float(reference_pitch * ratio)
             if precision:
-                return float(result.evalf(precision))
-            return float(result)
+                return round(result, precision)
+            return result

test_pytheory.py

@@ -5320,7 +5320,7 @@ def test_supersaw_wave():
 @needs_portaudio
 def test_all_synths_in_enum():
     from pytheory.play import Synth
-    assert len(Synth) == 13
+    assert len(Synth) == 41
     for s in Synth:
         wave = s(440, n_samples=1000)
         assert len(wave) == 1000
@@ -6467,11 +6467,8 @@ def test_instrument_piano():
     from pytheory import Score, Duration
     score = Score("4/4", bpm=120)
     p = score.part("p", instrument="piano")
-    assert p.synth == "fm"
-    assert p.envelope == "piano"
-    assert p.detune == 5
-    assert p.lowpass == 6000
-    assert p.chorus_mix == 0.1
+    assert p.synth == "piano_synth"
+    assert p.vel_to_filter == 3000
 
 
 def test_instrument_violin():
@@ -6488,12 +6485,9 @@ def test_instrument_violin():
 def test_instrument_override():
     from pytheory import Score
     score = Score("4/4", bpm=120)
-    # Explicit synth overrides the preset's "fm"
+    # Explicit synth overrides the preset
     p = score.part("p", instrument="piano", synth="saw")
     assert p.synth == "saw"
-    # Other preset values still apply
-    assert p.envelope == "piano"
-    assert p.detune == 5
 
 
 def test_instrument_unknown_raises():
@@ -6717,3 +6711,443 @@ def test_interval_to_non12():
     a5 = a.add(19)
     result = a.interval_to(a5)
     assert "octave" in result
+
+
+# ── Dedicated instrument synths ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def test_all_dedicated_synths_render():
+    """Every dedicated synth waveform produces valid audio."""
+    from pytheory.play import (piano_wave, bass_guitar_wave, flute_wave,
+                                trumpet_wave, clarinet_wave, oboe_wave,
+                                marimba_wave, harpsichord_wave, cello_wave,
+                                harp_wave, upright_bass_wave,
+                                acoustic_guitar_wave, electric_guitar_wave,
+                                sitar_wave, SAMPLE_RATE)
+    synths = [piano_wave, bass_guitar_wave, flute_wave, trumpet_wave,
+              clarinet_wave, oboe_wave, marimba_wave, harpsichord_wave,
+              cello_wave, harp_wave, upright_bass_wave,
+              acoustic_guitar_wave, electric_guitar_wave, sitar_wave]
+    for fn in synths:
+        wave = fn(440, n_samples=11025)
+        assert len(wave) == 11025
+        assert wave.dtype == numpy.int16
+        assert numpy.abs(wave).max() > 0
+
+
+def test_piano_brightness_scales():
+    """High-pitched piano should be brighter (more high harmonics)."""
+    from pytheory.play import piano_wave
+    low = piano_wave(130, n_samples=22050)   # C3
+    high = piano_wave(1047, n_samples=22050)  # C6
+    # Both should produce valid audio
+    assert numpy.abs(low).max() > 0
+    assert numpy.abs(high).max() > 0
+
+
+def test_acoustic_guitar_body_resonance():
+    """Acoustic guitar should produce richer spectrum than raw pluck."""
+    from pytheory.play import acoustic_guitar_wave, pluck_wave
+    ag = acoustic_guitar_wave(220, n_samples=22050)
+    pk = pluck_wave(220, n_samples=22050)
+    assert len(ag) == len(pk) == 22050
+
+
+def test_cello_has_vibrato():
+    """Cello synth should produce pitch variation (vibrato)."""
+    from pytheory.play import cello_wave
+    wave = cello_wave(220, n_samples=44100)
+    assert len(wave) == 44100
+    assert numpy.abs(wave).max() > 0
+
+
+# ── Cabinet simulation ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def test_cabinet_reduces_highs():
+    """Cabinet sim should reduce high-frequency content."""
+    from pytheory.play import _apply_cabinet
+    # White noise has flat spectrum
+    noise = numpy.random.uniform(-1, 1, 44100).astype(numpy.float32)
+    cabbed = _apply_cabinet(noise, brightness=0.5)
+    # RMS of cabbed should be lower (energy removed by filters)
+    assert numpy.sqrt(numpy.mean(cabbed ** 2)) < numpy.sqrt(numpy.mean(noise ** 2))
+
+
+def test_cabinet_brightness_param():
+    """Higher brightness = more high-frequency content passes through."""
+    from pytheory.play import _apply_cabinet
+    noise = numpy.random.uniform(-1, 1, 44100).astype(numpy.float32)
+    dark = _apply_cabinet(noise, brightness=0.0)
+    bright = _apply_cabinet(noise, brightness=1.0)
+    # Bright should have more energy than dark
+    assert numpy.sqrt(numpy.mean(bright ** 2)) > numpy.sqrt(numpy.mean(dark ** 2))
+
+
+# ── Analog drift ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def test_analog_drift_varies_pitch():
+    """Analog drift should make repeated renders slightly different."""
+    from pytheory import Score, Duration
+    score1 = Score("4/4", bpm=120)
+    p1 = score1.part("t", synth="saw", analog=0.5)
+    p1.add("C4", Duration.QUARTER)
+    p1.add("C4", Duration.QUARTER)
+    # With analog > 0, each C4 gets a random pitch offset
+    # This is hard to test deterministically, just verify it renders
+    from pytheory.play import render_score
+    buf = render_score(score1)
+    assert len(buf) > 0
+
+
+# ── Guitar strumming ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def test_strum_requires_fretboard():
+    """Strumming without a fretboard should raise ValueError."""
+    from pytheory import Score, Duration
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=120)
+    p = score.part("g", synth="saw")
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="fretboard"):
+        p.strum("Am", Duration.QUARTER)
+
+
+def test_strum_adds_notes():
+    """Strumming should add notes to the part."""
+    from pytheory import Score, Duration, Fretboard
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=120)
+    fb = Fretboard.guitar()
+    p = score.part("g", instrument="acoustic_guitar", fretboard=fb)
+    p.strum("Am", Duration.HALF)
+    assert len(p.notes) > 0
+
+
+def test_strum_direction():
+    """Both down and up strums should work."""
+    from pytheory import Score, Duration, Fretboard
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=120)
+    fb = Fretboard.guitar()
+    p = score.part("g", instrument="acoustic_guitar", fretboard=fb)
+    p.strum("G", Duration.QUARTER, direction="down")
+    p.strum("G", Duration.QUARTER, direction="up")
+    assert len(p.notes) >= 2  # grace notes + chord per strum
+
+
+# ── World drums ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def test_tabla_sounds_render():
+    """All tabla drum sounds should produce valid audio."""
+    from pytheory.play import _render_drum_hit
+    from pytheory.rhythm import DrumSound
+    for sound in [DrumSound.TABLA_NA, DrumSound.TABLA_TIN, DrumSound.TABLA_GE,
+                  DrumSound.TABLA_DHA, DrumSound.TABLA_TIT, DrumSound.TABLA_KE]:
+        wave = _render_drum_hit(sound.value, 22050)
+        assert len(wave) == 22050
+        assert wave.dtype == numpy.float32
+
+
+def test_dhol_sounds_render():
+    from pytheory.play import _render_drum_hit
+    from pytheory.rhythm import DrumSound
+    for sound in [DrumSound.DHOL_DAGGA, DrumSound.DHOL_TILLI, DrumSound.DHOL_BOTH]:
+        wave = _render_drum_hit(sound.value, 22050)
+        assert len(wave) == 22050
+
+
+def test_mridangam_sounds_render():
+    from pytheory.play import _render_drum_hit
+    from pytheory.rhythm import DrumSound
+    for sound in [DrumSound.MRIDANGAM_THAM, DrumSound.MRIDANGAM_NAM,
+                  DrumSound.MRIDANGAM_DIN, DrumSound.MRIDANGAM_THA]:
+        wave = _render_drum_hit(sound.value, 22050)
+        assert len(wave) == 22050
+
+
+def test_djembe_sounds_render():
+    from pytheory.play import _render_drum_hit
+    from pytheory.rhythm import DrumSound
+    for sound in [DrumSound.DJEMBE_BASS, DrumSound.DJEMBE_TONE, DrumSound.DJEMBE_SLAP]:
+        wave = _render_drum_hit(sound.value, 22050)
+        assert len(wave) == 22050
+
+
+def test_metal_kit_sounds_render():
+    from pytheory.play import _render_drum_hit
+    from pytheory.rhythm import DrumSound
+    for sound in [DrumSound.METAL_KICK, DrumSound.METAL_SNARE, DrumSound.METAL_HAT]:
+        wave = _render_drum_hit(sound.value, 22050)
+        assert len(wave) == 22050
+
+
+def test_tabla_pattern_presets():
+    """All tabla patterns should load without error."""
+    from pytheory.rhythm import Pattern
+    for name in ["teental", "jhaptaal", "rupak", "dadra",
+                 "keherwa", "tabla solo", "tiri kita"]:
+        p = Pattern.preset(name)
+        assert p.beats > 0
+
+
+def test_world_drum_pattern_presets():
+    """All world drum patterns should load."""
+    from pytheory.rhythm import Pattern
+    for name in ["bhangra", "dhol chaal", "qawwali", "dholak folk",
+                 "adi talam", "mridangam korvai", "djembe", "kuku", "soli",
+                 "double kick", "metal blast", "metal groove", "metal gallop"]:
+        p = Pattern.preset(name)
+        assert p.beats > 0
+
+
+# ── Guitar presets with cabinet sim ──────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def test_guitar_presets_have_cabinet():
+    """Distorted guitar presets should have cabinet simulation."""
+    from pytheory import Score
+    for preset in ["distorted_guitar", "orange_crunch", "metal_guitar"]:
+        score = Score("4/4", bpm=120)
+        p = score.part("g", instrument=preset)
+        assert p.cabinet > 0, f"{preset} should have cabinet sim"
+
+
+def test_clean_guitar_preset():
+    from pytheory import Score
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=120)
+    p = score.part("g", instrument="clean_guitar")
+    assert p.synth == "electric_guitar_synth"
+    assert p.cabinet > 0
+
+
+# ── New instrument synths (v0.36+) ──────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def test_new_synths_render():
+    """All 7 new synths produce valid audio."""
+    from pytheory.play import (pedal_steel_wave, theremin_wave, kalimba_wave,
+                                steel_drum_wave, accordion_wave,
+                                didgeridoo_wave, bagpipe_wave,
+                                banjo_wave, mandolin_wave, ukulele_wave,
+                                vocal_wave, SAMPLE_RATE)
+    synths = [pedal_steel_wave, theremin_wave, kalimba_wave, steel_drum_wave,
+              accordion_wave, didgeridoo_wave, bagpipe_wave,
+              banjo_wave, mandolin_wave, ukulele_wave, vocal_wave]
+    for fn in synths:
+        wave = fn(440, n_samples=11025)
+        assert len(wave) == 11025
+        assert wave.dtype == numpy.int16
+        assert numpy.abs(wave).max() > 0
+
+
+def test_vocal_synth_with_lyric():
+    """Vocal synth accepts lyric parameter."""
+    from pytheory.play import vocal_wave
+    for lyric in ["ah", "ee", "oh", "oo", "hi", "la"]:
+        wave = vocal_wave(330, n_samples=11025, lyric=lyric)
+        assert len(wave) == 11025
+        assert numpy.abs(wave).max() > 0
+
+
+def test_vocal_different_vowels_differ():
+    """Different vowels should produce different waveforms."""
+    from pytheory.play import vocal_wave
+    ah = vocal_wave(330, n_samples=22050, lyric="ah")
+    ee = vocal_wave(330, n_samples=22050, lyric="ee")
+    # They should differ (different formant peaks)
+    assert not numpy.array_equal(ah, ee)
+
+
+def test_all_instrument_presets_create():
+    """Every instrument preset in INSTRUMENTS should create a valid Part."""
+    from pytheory import Score
+    from pytheory.rhythm import INSTRUMENTS
+    for name in INSTRUMENTS:
+        score = Score("4/4", bpm=120)
+        p = score.part("test", instrument=name)
+        assert p.synth is not None
+
+
+def test_new_instrument_presets():
+    """New instrument presets have correct synths."""
+    from pytheory import Score
+    presets = {
+        "pedal_steel": "pedal_steel_synth",
+        "theremin": "theremin_synth",
+        "kalimba": "kalimba_synth",
+        "steel_drum": "steel_drum_synth",
+        "accordion": "accordion_synth",
+        "didgeridoo": "didgeridoo_synth",
+        "bagpipe": "bagpipe_synth",
+        "banjo": "banjo_synth",
+        "mandolin": "mandolin_synth",
+        "ukulele": "ukulele_synth",
+    }
+    for name, expected_synth in presets.items():
+        score = Score("4/4", bpm=120)
+        p = score.part("t", instrument=name)
+        assert p.synth == expected_synth, f"{name} has {p.synth}, expected {expected_synth}"
+
+
+# ── Cajón drums ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def test_cajon_sounds_render():
+    from pytheory.play import _render_drum_hit
+    from pytheory.rhythm import DrumSound
+    for sound in [DrumSound.CAJON_BASS, DrumSound.CAJON_SLAP, DrumSound.CAJON_TAP]:
+        wave = _render_drum_hit(sound.value, 22050)
+        assert len(wave) == 22050
+        assert wave.dtype == numpy.float32
+
+
+def test_cajon_patterns():
+    from pytheory.rhythm import Pattern
+    for name in ["cajon", "cajon rumba", "cajon folk"]:
+        p = Pattern.preset(name)
+        assert p.beats > 0
+
+
+# ── Pitch bends ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def test_pitch_bend_renders():
+    """Pitch bend should produce valid audio without errors."""
+    from pytheory import Score, Duration
+    from pytheory.play import render_score
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=120)
+    p = score.part("t", instrument="electric_guitar")
+    p.add("A4", Duration.HALF, bend=2, bend_type="smooth")
+    p.add("A4", Duration.HALF, bend=-1, bend_type="late")
+    p.add("A4", Duration.HALF, bend=3, bend_type="linear")
+    p.add("A4", Duration.HALF)
+    buf = render_score(score)
+    assert len(buf) > 0
+
+
+def test_pitch_bend_types():
+    """All three bend types should work."""
+    from pytheory.rhythm import Note, Duration
+    for bt in ["smooth", "linear", "late"]:
+        n = Note(tone=None, duration=Duration.QUARTER, bend=2, bend_type=bt)
+        assert n.bend_type == bt
+
+
+# ── Roll method ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def test_roll_adds_notes():
+    from pytheory import Score, Duration
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=120)
+    p = score.part("t", instrument="timpani")
+    p.roll("C3", Duration.WHOLE, velocity_start=30, velocity_end=100)
+    assert len(p.notes) > 4  # should be many 16th notes
+
+
+def test_roll_velocity_ramp():
+    from pytheory import Score, Duration
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=120)
+    p = score.part("t", instrument="timpani")
+    p.roll("C3", Duration.WHOLE, velocity_start=20, velocity_end=100)
+    velocities = [n.velocity for n in p.notes]
+    # First should be quieter than last
+    assert velocities[0] < velocities[-1]
+
+
+def test_roll_custom_speed():
+    from pytheory import Score, Duration
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=120)
+    p = score.part("t", synth="sine")
+    p.roll("A4", Duration.WHOLE, speed=0.125)  # 32nd notes
+    # 4 beats / 0.125 = 32 notes
+    assert len(p.notes) == 32
+
+
+# ── Int tone names ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def test_int_tone_name():
+    from pytheory import Tone, TET
+    edo = TET(22)
+    t = Tone(0, octave=4, system=edo)
+    assert t.name == "0"
+    assert t.frequency == pytest.approx(440.0, rel=1e-3)
+
+
+def test_int_tone_wrapping():
+    from pytheory import Tone, TET
+    edo = TET(22)
+    t = Tone(22, octave=4, system=edo)
+    assert t.name == "0"
+    assert t.octave == 5
+    assert t.frequency == pytest.approx(880.0, rel=1e-3)
+
+
+def test_int_tone_negative():
+    from pytheory import Tone, TET
+    edo = TET(22)
+    t = Tone(-1, octave=4, system=edo)
+    assert t.name == "21"
+    assert t.octave == 3
+
+
+def test_system_tone_method():
+    from pytheory import TET
+    edo = TET(19)
+    t = edo.tone(5, octave=4)
+    assert t.name == "5"
+    assert t.octave == 4
+
+
+# ── B#/Cb octave boundary ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def test_b_sharp_octave():
+    t = Tone("B#4")
+    assert t.octave == 5
+    assert t.frequency == pytest.approx(Tone("C5").frequency, rel=1e-3)
+
+
+def test_c_flat_octave():
+    t = Tone("Cb4")
+    assert t.octave == 3
+    assert t.frequency == pytest.approx(Tone("B3").frequency, rel=1e-3)
+
+
+# ── Note choking ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def test_note_choking_renders():
+    """Fast repeated notes should render without errors (choking active)."""
+    from pytheory import Score, Duration
+    from pytheory.play import render_score
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=200)
+    p = score.part("t", instrument="piano")
+    for _ in range(32):
+        p.add("C4", Duration.SIXTEENTH)
+    buf = render_score(score)
+    assert len(buf) > 0
+
+
+# ── Score system/temperament ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def test_score_temperament():
+    from pytheory import Score
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=120, temperament="just")
+    assert score.temperament == "just"
+
+
+def test_score_reference_pitch():
+    from pytheory import Score
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=120, reference_pitch=415.0)
+    assert score.reference_pitch == 415.0
+
+
+def test_score_system_propagates():
+    from pytheory import Score, SYSTEMS
+    shruti = SYSTEMS["shruti"]
+    score = Score("4/4", bpm=120, system=shruti)
+    p = score.part("t", synth="sine")
+    assert p._system is shruti
+
+
+# ── Synth enum count ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def test_synth_enum_count():
+    from pytheory.play import Synth
+    assert len(Synth) == 41
+
+
+def test_all_synths_render_and_enum_match():
+    """Every Synth enum member should render valid audio."""
+    from pytheory.play import Synth
+    for s in Synth:
+        wave = s(440, n_samples=1000)
+        assert len(wave) == 1000

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