Merge pull request #277 from amikrop/master

Make `_route_for` shorter

.gitignore

@@ -1 +1,17 @@
 .vscode/
+.cache
+.idea
+.python-version
+.coverage
+.pytest_cache
+.DS_Store
+coverage.xml
+
+__pycache__
+tests/__pycache__
+
+build
+responder.egg-info/
+dist/
+app.py
+app2.py

.travis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+language: python
+python:
+  - "3.6"
+
+# command to install dependencies
+install:
+  - "pip install pipenv --upgrade-strategy=only-if-needed"
+  - "pipenv install --dev"
+
+# command to run the dependencies
+script:
+  - "pytest"

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+# v1.1.1
+- Run sync views in a threadpoolexecutor.
+
+# v1.1.0
+- Support for `before_request`.
+
+# v1.0.4
+- Potential bufix for cookies.
+
+# v1.0.3
+- Bugfix for redirects.
+
+# v1.0.2
+- Improvement for static file hosting.
+
+# v1.0.1
+- Improve cors configuration settings.
+
+# v1.0.0
+- Move GraphQL support into a built-in plugin.
+
+# v0.3.3
+- Improved exceptions.
+- CORS support.
+
+# v0.3.2
+- Subtle improvements.
+
+# v0.3.1
+- Packaging fix.
+
+# v0.3.0
+- Interactive Documentation endpoint.
+- Minor improvements.
+
+# v0.2.3
+- Overall improvements.
+
+# v0.2.2
+- Show traceback info when background tasks raise exceptions.
+
+# v0.2.1
+- api.requests.
+
+# v0.2.0
+- WebSocket support.
+
+# v0.1.6
+- 500 support.
+
+# v0.1.5
+- Improvements to sequential media reading.
+- File upload support.
+
+# v0.1.4
+- Stability.
+
+# v0.1.3
+- Sessions support.
+
+# v0.1.2
+- Cookies support.
+
+# v0.1.1
+- Default routes.
+
+# v0.1.0
+- Prototype of static application support.
+
+# v0.0.10
+- Bugfix for async class-based views.
+
+# v0.0.9
+- Bugfix for async class-based views.
+
+# v0.0.8
+- GraphiQL Support.
+- Improvement to route selection.
+
+# v0.0.7
+ - Immutable Request object.
+
+# v0.0.6:
+ - Ability to mount WSGI apps.
+ - Supply content-type when serving up the schema.
+
+# v0.0.5:
+ - OpenAPI Schema support.
+ - Safe load/dump yaml.
+
+# v0.0.4:
+ - Asynchronous support for data uploads.
+ - Bug fixes.
+
+# v0.0.3:
+- Bug fixes.
+
+# v0.0.2
+- Switch to ASGI/Starlette.
+
+# v0.0.1
+- Conception!

LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+Copyright 2018 Kenneth Reitz
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.

MANIFEST.in

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+include LICENSE

Pipfile

@@ -4,18 +4,17 @@ verify_ssl = true
 name = "pypi"
 
 [packages]
-waitress = "*"
-werkzeug = "*"
-pyyaml = "*"
-requests = "*"
-requests-wsgi-adapter = "*"
-graphene = "*"
-whitenoise = "*"
+responder = {editable = true, path = "."}
 
 [dev-packages]
 pytest = "*"
 "flake8" = "*"
 black = "*"
+twine = "*"
+flask = "*"
+sphinx = "*"
+marshmallow = "*"
+pytest-cov = "*"
 
 [requires]
 python_version = "3.7"

Pipfile.lock

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
     "_meta": {
         "hash": {
-            "sha256": "f6b7cc3cf0ac2760ea99bcb8d18c743eff418c6269da29823ccfdbdea19a8c1e"
+            "sha256": "7bbe1f0addd73250027de73d6fb749aa2be3149af9744b107820c5e10498428e"
         },
         "pipfile-spec": 6,
         "requires": {
@@ -16,6 +16,13 @@
         ]
     },
     "default": {
+        "aiofiles": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:021ea0ba314a86027c166ecc4b4c07f2d40fc0f4b3a950d1868a0f2571c2bbee",
+                "sha256:1e644c2573f953664368de28d2aa4c89dfd64550429d0c27c4680ccd3aa4985d"
+            ],
+            "version": "==0.4.0"
+        },
         "aniso8601": {
             "hashes": [
                 "sha256:7849749cf00ae0680ad2bdfe4419c7a662bef19c03691a19e008c8b9a5267802",
@@ -23,12 +30,39 @@
             ],
             "version": "==3.0.2"
         },
+        "apispec": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:8072aaba54cb430787c3662512d5c9fe521eae1ec0b6d7d05b129814b6b48f69",
+                "sha256:93a6046bf692e8e4398101d447fffcf148b9dbed66d886073e05b491cd6835fd"
+            ],
+            "version": "==1.0.0b6"
+        },
+        "apistar": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:4338b24468b49526ceac4a8f84046056081ee747f373ca8d0647bd6b2344c895"
+            ],
+            "version": "==0.6.0"
+        },
+        "asgiref": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:9b05dcd41a6a89ca8c6e7f7e4089c3f3e76b5af60aebb81ae6d455ad81989c97",
+                "sha256:b21dc4c43d7aba5a844f4c48b8f49d56277bc34937fd9f9cb93ec97fde7e3082"
+            ],
+            "version": "==2.3.2"
+        },
+        "async-timeout": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:0c3c816a028d47f659d6ff5c745cb2acf1f966da1fe5c19c77a70282b25f4c5f",
+                "sha256:4291ca197d287d274d0b6cb5d6f8f8f82d434ed288f962539ff18cc9012f9ea3"
+            ],
+            "version": "==3.0.1"
+        },
         "certifi": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:376690d6f16d32f9d1fe8932551d80b23e9d393a8578c5633a2ed39a64861638",
-                "sha256:456048c7e371c089d0a77a5212fb37a2c2dce1e24146e3b7e0261736aaeaa22a"
+                "sha256:47f9c83ef4c0c621eaef743f133f09fa8a74a9b75f037e8624f83bd1b6626cb7",
+                "sha256:993f830721089fef441cdfeb4b2c8c9df86f0c63239f06bd025a76a7daddb033"
             ],
-            "version": "==2018.8.24"
+            "version": "==2018.11.29"
         },
         "chardet": {
             "hashes": [
@@ -37,12 +71,24 @@
             ],
             "version": "==3.0.4"
         },
+        "click": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:2335065e6395b9e67ca716de5f7526736bfa6ceead690adf616d925bdc622b13",
+                "sha256:5b94b49521f6456670fdb30cd82a4eca9412788a93fa6dd6df72c94d5a8ff2d7"
+            ],
+            "version": "==7.0"
+        },
+        "docopt": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:49b3a825280bd66b3aa83585ef59c4a8c82f2c8a522dbe754a8bc8d08c85c491"
+            ],
+            "version": "==0.6.2"
+        },
         "graphene": {
             "hashes": [
                 "sha256:b8ec446d17fa68721636eaad3d6adc1a378cb6323e219814c8f98c9928fc9642",
                 "sha256:faa26573b598b22ffd274e2fd7a4c52efa405dcca96e01a62239482246248aa3"
             ],
-            "index": "pypi",
             "version": "==2.1.3"
         },
         "graphql-core": {
@@ -58,12 +104,85 @@
             ],
             "version": "==0.4.5"
         },
+        "graphql-server-core": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:e5f82add4b3d5580aa1f1e7d9f00e944ad3abe1b65eb337e611d6a77cc20f231"
+            ],
+            "version": "==1.1.1"
+        },
+        "h11": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:acca6a44cb52a32ab442b1779adf0875c443c689e9e028f8d831a3769f9c5208",
+                "sha256:f2b1ca39bfed357d1f19ac732913d5f9faa54a5062eca7d2ec3a916cfb7ae4c7"
+            ],
+            "version": "==0.8.1"
+        },
         "idna": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:156a6814fb5ac1fc6850fb002e0852d56c0c8d2531923a51032d1b70760e186e",
-                "sha256:684a38a6f903c1d71d6d5fac066b58d7768af4de2b832e426ec79c30daa94a16"
+                "sha256:c357b3f628cf53ae2c4c05627ecc484553142ca23264e593d327bcde5e9c3407",
+                "sha256:ea8b7f6188e6fa117537c3df7da9fc686d485087abf6ac197f9c46432f7e4a3c"
             ],
-            "version": "==2.7"
+            "version": "==2.8"
+        },
+        "itsdangerous": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:321b033d07f2a4136d3ec762eac9f16a10ccd60f53c0c91af90217ace7ba1f19",
+                "sha256:b12271b2047cb23eeb98c8b5622e2e5c5e9abd9784a153e9d8ef9cb4dd09d749"
+            ],
+            "version": "==1.1.0"
+        },
+        "jinja2": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:74c935a1b8bb9a3947c50a54766a969d4846290e1e788ea44c1392163723c3bd",
+                "sha256:f84be1bb0040caca4cea721fcbbbbd61f9be9464ca236387158b0feea01914a4"
+            ],
+            "version": "==2.10"
+        },
+        "markupsafe": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:048ef924c1623740e70204aa7143ec592504045ae4429b59c30054cb31e3c432",
+                "sha256:130f844e7f5bdd8e9f3f42e7102ef1d49b2e6fdf0d7526df3f87281a532d8c8b",
+                "sha256:19f637c2ac5ae9da8bfd98cef74d64b7e1bb8a63038a3505cd182c3fac5eb4d9",
+                "sha256:1b8a7a87ad1b92bd887568ce54b23565f3fd7018c4180136e1cf412b405a47af",
+                "sha256:1c25694ca680b6919de53a4bb3bdd0602beafc63ff001fea2f2fc16ec3a11834",
+                "sha256:1f19ef5d3908110e1e891deefb5586aae1b49a7440db952454b4e281b41620cd",
+                "sha256:1fa6058938190ebe8290e5cae6c351e14e7bb44505c4a7624555ce57fbbeba0d",
+                "sha256:31cbb1359e8c25f9f48e156e59e2eaad51cd5242c05ed18a8de6dbe85184e4b7",
+                "sha256:3e835d8841ae7863f64e40e19477f7eb398674da6a47f09871673742531e6f4b",
+                "sha256:4e97332c9ce444b0c2c38dd22ddc61c743eb208d916e4265a2a3b575bdccb1d3",
+                "sha256:525396ee324ee2da82919f2ee9c9e73b012f23e7640131dd1b53a90206a0f09c",
+                "sha256:52b07fbc32032c21ad4ab060fec137b76eb804c4b9a1c7c7dc562549306afad2",
+                "sha256:52ccb45e77a1085ec5461cde794e1aa037df79f473cbc69b974e73940655c8d7",
+                "sha256:5c3fbebd7de20ce93103cb3183b47671f2885307df4a17a0ad56a1dd51273d36",
+                "sha256:5e5851969aea17660e55f6a3be00037a25b96a9b44d2083651812c99d53b14d1",
+                "sha256:5edfa27b2d3eefa2210fb2f5d539fbed81722b49f083b2c6566455eb7422fd7e",
+                "sha256:7d263e5770efddf465a9e31b78362d84d015cc894ca2c131901a4445eaa61ee1",
+                "sha256:83381342bfc22b3c8c06f2dd93a505413888694302de25add756254beee8449c",
+                "sha256:857eebb2c1dc60e4219ec8e98dfa19553dae33608237e107db9c6078b1167856",
+                "sha256:98e439297f78fca3a6169fd330fbe88d78b3bb72f967ad9961bcac0d7fdd1550",
+                "sha256:bf54103892a83c64db58125b3f2a43df6d2cb2d28889f14c78519394feb41492",
+                "sha256:d9ac82be533394d341b41d78aca7ed0e0f4ba5a2231602e2f05aa87f25c51672",
+                "sha256:e982fe07ede9fada6ff6705af70514a52beb1b2c3d25d4e873e82114cf3c5401",
+                "sha256:edce2ea7f3dfc981c4ddc97add8a61381d9642dc3273737e756517cc03e84dd6",
+                "sha256:efdc45ef1afc238db84cb4963aa689c0408912a0239b0721cb172b4016eb31d6",
+                "sha256:f137c02498f8b935892d5c0172560d7ab54bc45039de8805075e19079c639a9c",
+                "sha256:f82e347a72f955b7017a39708a3667f106e6ad4d10b25f237396a7115d8ed5fd",
+                "sha256:fb7c206e01ad85ce57feeaaa0bf784b97fa3cad0d4a5737bc5295785f5c613a1"
+            ],
+            "version": "==1.1.0"
+        },
+        "marshmallow": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:3133fb98afd627dcd8c06e4705f0ecea1b28003a53820d0266fa6c0ff7cf215c",
+                "sha256:6489e72ea75a30cb07686ce01e24bf65fc7f42edf429153a70abb9e38e56ef52"
+            ],
+            "version": "==3.0.0rc2"
+        },
+        "parse": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:9dd6048ea212cd032a342f9f6aa2b7bc222f7407c7e37bdc2777fecd36897437"
+            ],
+            "version": "==1.9.0"
         },
         "promise": {
             "hashes": [
@@ -72,6 +191,12 @@
             ],
             "version": "==2.2.1"
         },
+        "python-multipart": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:f7bb5f611fc600d15fa47b3974c8aa16e93724513b49b5f95c81e6624c83fa43"
+            ],
+            "version": "==0.0.5"
+        },
         "pyyaml": {
             "hashes": [
                 "sha256:254bf6fda2b7c651837acb2c718e213df29d531eebf00edb54743d10bcb694eb",
@@ -80,23 +205,32 @@
                 "sha256:8d6d96001aa7f0a6a4a95e8143225b5d06e41b1131044913fecb8f85a125714b",
                 "sha256:c8a88edd93ee29ede719080b2be6cb2333dfee1dccba213b422a9c8e97f2967b"
             ],
-            "index": "pypi",
             "version": "==4.2b4"
         },
         "requests": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:63b52e3c866428a224f97cab011de738c36aec0185aa91cfacd418b5d58911d1",
-                "sha256:ec22d826a36ed72a7358ff3fe56cbd4ba69dd7a6718ffd450ff0e9df7a47ce6a"
+                "sha256:502a824f31acdacb3a35b6690b5fbf0bc41d63a24a45c4004352b0242707598e",
+                "sha256:7bf2a778576d825600030a110f3c0e3e8edc51dfaafe1c146e39a2027784957b"
             ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==2.19.1"
+            "version": "==2.21.0"
         },
-        "requests-wsgi-adapter": {
+        "requests-toolbelt": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:7080c98ae2614b8d0b7339b611d97a535470d2fb479731f7d588d5f8108ea134"
+                "sha256:42c9c170abc2cacb78b8ab23ac957945c7716249206f90874651971a4acff237",
+                "sha256:f6a531936c6fa4c6cfce1b9c10d5c4f498d16528d2a54a22ca00011205a187b5"
             ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==0.4.0"
+            "version": "==0.8.0"
+        },
+        "responder": {
+            "editable": true,
+            "path": "."
+        },
+        "rfc3986": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:5ad82677b02b88c8d24f6511b4ee9baa5e7da675599b479fbbc5c9c578b5b737",
+                "sha256:bc3ae4b7cd88a99eff2d3900fcb858d44562fd7f273fc07aeef568b9bb6fc4e1"
+            ],
+            "version": "==1.2.0"
         },
         "rx": {
             "hashes": [
@@ -107,45 +241,72 @@
         },
         "six": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:70e8a77beed4562e7f14fe23a786b54f6296e34344c23bc42f07b15018ff98e9",
-                "sha256:832dc0e10feb1aa2c68dcc57dbb658f1c7e65b9b61af69048abc87a2db00a0eb"
+                "sha256:3350809f0555b11f552448330d0b52d5f24c91a322ea4a15ef22629740f3761c",
+                "sha256:d16a0141ec1a18405cd4ce8b4613101da75da0e9a7aec5bdd4fa804d0e0eba73"
             ],
-            "version": "==1.11.0"
+            "version": "==1.12.0"
+        },
+        "starlette": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:01f04283b49a8cb0c8921baa90dbafe47e953f0a265f6ebb38176038e4bd9bf8"
+            ],
+            "version": "==0.9.9"
         },
         "urllib3": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:a68ac5e15e76e7e5dd2b8f94007233e01effe3e50e8daddf69acfd81cb686baf",
-                "sha256:b5725a0bd4ba422ab0e66e89e030c806576753ea3ee08554382c14e685d117b5"
+                "sha256:61bf29cada3fc2fbefad4fdf059ea4bd1b4a86d2b6d15e1c7c0b582b9752fe39",
+                "sha256:de9529817c93f27c8ccbfead6985011db27bd0ddfcdb2d86f3f663385c6a9c22"
             ],
-            "markers": "python_version < '4' and python_version != '3.3.*' and python_version != '3.2.*' and python_version != '3.0.*' and python_version != '3.1.*' and python_version >= '2.6'",
-            "version": "==1.23"
+            "version": "==1.24.1"
         },
-        "waitress": {
+        "uvicorn": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:40b0f297a7f3af61fbfbdc67e59090c70dc150a1601c39ecc9f5f1d283fb931b",
-                "sha256:d33cd3d62426c0f1b3cd84ee3d65779c7003aae3fc060dee60524d10a57f05a9"
+                "sha256:ab570ef3b088ddf30a8a2bb97f624c4eabe246301c2f21e38a48c82bfa3d8f52"
             ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==1.1.0"
+            "version": "==0.3.24"
         },
-        "werkzeug": {
+        "websockets": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:c3fd7a7d41976d9f44db327260e263132466836cef6f91512889ed60ad26557c",
-                "sha256:d5da73735293558eb1651ee2fddc4d0dedcfa06538b8813a2e20011583c9e49b"
+                "sha256:04b42a1b57096ffa5627d6a78ea1ff7fad3bc2c0331ffc17bc32a4024da7fea0",
+                "sha256:08e3c3e0535befa4f0c4443824496c03ecc25062debbcf895874f8a0b4c97c9f",
+                "sha256:10d89d4326045bf5e15e83e9867c85d686b612822e4d8f149cf4840aab5f46e0",
+                "sha256:232fac8a1978fc1dead4b1c2fa27c7756750fb393eb4ac52f6bc87ba7242b2fa",
+                "sha256:4bf4c8097440eff22bc78ec76fe2a865a6e658b6977a504679aaf08f02c121da",
+                "sha256:51642ea3a00772d1e48fb0c492f0d3ae3b6474f34d20eca005a83f8c9c06c561",
+                "sha256:55d86102282a636e195dad68aaaf85b81d0bef449d7e2ef2ff79ac450bb25d53",
+                "sha256:564d2675682bd497b59907d2205031acbf7d3fadf8c763b689b9ede20300b215",
+                "sha256:5d13bf5197a92149dc0badcc2b699267ff65a867029f465accfca8abab95f412",
+                "sha256:5eda665f6789edb9b57b57a159b9c55482cbe5b046d7db458948370554b16439",
+                "sha256:5edb2524d4032be4564c65dc4f9d01e79fe8fad5f966e5b552f4e5164fef0885",
+                "sha256:79691794288bc51e2a3b8de2bc0272ca8355d0b8503077ea57c0716e840ebaef",
+                "sha256:7fcc8681e9981b9b511cdee7c580d5b005f3bb86b65bde2188e04a29f1d63317",
+                "sha256:8e447e05ec88b1b408a4c9cde85aa6f4b04f06aa874b9f0b8e8319faf51b1fee",
+                "sha256:90ea6b3e7787620bb295a4ae050d2811c807d65b1486749414f78cfd6fb61489",
+                "sha256:9e13239952694b8b831088431d15f771beace10edfcf9ef230cefea14f18508f",
+                "sha256:d40f081187f7b54d7a99d8a5c782eaa4edc335a057aa54c85059272ed826dc09",
+                "sha256:e1df1a58ed2468c7b7ce9a2f9752a32ad08eac2bcd56318625c3647c2cd2da6f",
+                "sha256:e98d0cec437097f09c7834a11c69d79fe6241729b23f656cfc227e93294fc242",
+                "sha256:f8d59627702d2ff27cb495ca1abdea8bd8d581de425c56e93bff6517134e0a9b",
+                "sha256:fc30cdf2e949a2225b012a7911d1d031df3d23e99b7eda7dfc982dc4a860dae9"
             ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==0.14.1"
+            "version": "==7.0"
         },
         "whitenoise": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:133a92ff0ab8fb9509f77d4f7d0de493eca19c6fea973f4195d4184f888f2e02",
-                "sha256:32b57d193478908a48acb66bf73e7a3c18679263e3e64bfebcfac1144a430039"
+                "sha256:118ab3e5f815d380171b100b05b76de2a07612f422368a201a9ffdeefb2251c1",
+                "sha256:42133ddd5229eeb6a0c9899496bdbe56c292394bf8666da77deeb27454c0456a"
             ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==4.1"
+            "version": "==4.1.2"
         }
     },
     "develop": {
+        "alabaster": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:446438bdcca0e05bd45ea2de1668c1d9b032e1a9154c2c259092d77031ddd359",
+                "sha256:a661d72d58e6ea8a57f7a86e37d86716863ee5e92788398526d58b26a4e4dc02"
+            ],
+            "version": "==0.7.12"
+        },
         "appdirs": {
             "hashes": [
                 "sha256:9e5896d1372858f8dd3344faf4e5014d21849c756c8d5701f78f8a103b372d92",
@@ -158,7 +319,6 @@
                 "sha256:0312ad34fcad8fac3704d441f7b317e50af620823353ec657a53e981f92920c0",
                 "sha256:ec9ae8adaae229e4f8446952d204a3e4b5fdd2d099f9be3aaf556120135fb3ee"
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-            "markers": "python_version != '3.2.*' and python_version >= '2.7' and python_version != '3.3.*' and python_version != '3.0.*' and python_version != '3.1.*'",
             "version": "==1.2.1"
         },
         "attrs": {
@@ -168,6 +328,13 @@
             ],
             "version": "==18.2.0"
         },
+        "babel": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:6778d85147d5d85345c14a26aada5e478ab04e39b078b0745ee6870c2b5cf669",
+                "sha256:8cba50f48c529ca3fa18cf81fa9403be176d374ac4d60738b839122dfaaa3d23"
+            ],
+            "version": "==2.6.0"
+        },
         "black": {
             "hashes": [
                 "sha256:817243426042db1d36617910df579a54f1afd659adb96fc5032fcf4b36209739",
@@ -176,29 +343,167 @@
             "index": "pypi",
             "version": "==18.9b0"
         },
+        "bleach": {
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+                "sha256:3fdf7f77adcf649c9911387df51254b813185e32b2c6619f690b593a617e19fa"
+            ],
+            "version": "==3.1.0"
+        },
+        "certifi": {
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+                "sha256:993f830721089fef441cdfeb4b2c8c9df86f0c63239f06bd025a76a7daddb033"
+            ],
+            "version": "==2018.11.29"
+        },
+        "chardet": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:84ab92ed1c4d4f16916e05906b6b75a6c0fb5db821cc65e70cbd64a3e2a5eaae",
+                "sha256:fc323ffcaeaed0e0a02bf4d117757b98aed530d9ed4531e3e15460124c106691"
+            ],
+            "version": "==3.0.4"
+        },
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             "hashes": [
                 "sha256:2335065e6395b9e67ca716de5f7526736bfa6ceead690adf616d925bdc622b13",
                 "sha256:5b94b49521f6456670fdb30cd82a4eca9412788a93fa6dd6df72c94d5a8ff2d7"
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-            "markers": "python_version != '3.3.*' and python_version != '3.0.*' and python_version != '3.2.*' and python_version != '3.1.*' and python_version >= '2.7'",
             "version": "==7.0"
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         "colorama": {
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-                "sha256:463f8483208e921368c9f306094eb6f725c6ca42b0f97e313cb5d5512459feda",
-                "sha256:48eb22f4f8461b1df5734a074b57042430fb06e1d61bd1e11b078c0fe6d7a1f1"
+                "sha256:05eed71e2e327246ad6b38c540c4a3117230b19679b875190486ddd2d721422d",
+                "sha256:f8ac84de7840f5b9c4e3347b3c1eaa50f7e49c2b07596221daec5edaabbd7c48"
             ],
             "markers": "sys_platform == 'win32'",
-            "version": "==0.3.9"
+            "version": "==0.4.1"
+        },
+        "coverage": {
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+                "sha256:551f10ddfeff56a1325e5a34eff304c5892aa981fd810babb98bfee77ee2fb17",
+                "sha256:5b104982f1809c1577912519eb249f17d9d7e66304ad026666cb60a5ef73309c",
+                "sha256:5c62aef73dfc87bfcca32cee149a1a7a602bc74bac72223236b0023543511c88",
+                "sha256:633151f8d1ad9467b9f7e90854a7f46ed8f2919e8bc7d98d737833e8938fc081",
+                "sha256:772207b9e2d5bf3f9d283b88915723e4e92d9a62c83f44ec92b9bd0cd685541b",
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+                "sha256:c705ab445936457359b1424ef25ccc0098b0491b26064677c39f1d14a539f056",
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+                "sha256:f4d229866d030863d0fe3bf297d6d11e6133ca15bbb41ed2534a8b9a3d6bd061",
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+                "sha256:51e64ef2ebfb29cae1faa133b3710143496eca21c530f3f71424d77687764274",
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-            "version": "==3.5.0"
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+                "sha256:a080b744b7e345ccfcbc77954861cb05b3c63786e93f2b3875e0913d44b43f05"
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+                "sha256:b12271b2047cb23eeb98c8b5622e2e5c5e9abd9784a153e9d8ef9cb4dd09d749"
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+                "sha256:83381342bfc22b3c8c06f2dd93a505413888694302de25add756254beee8449c",
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+                "sha256:e982fe07ede9fada6ff6705af70514a52beb1b2c3d25d4e873e82114cf3c5401",
+                "sha256:edce2ea7f3dfc981c4ddc97add8a61381d9642dc3273737e756517cc03e84dd6",
+                "sha256:efdc45ef1afc238db84cb4963aa689c0408912a0239b0721cb172b4016eb31d6",
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+                "sha256:f82e347a72f955b7017a39708a3667f106e6ad4d10b25f237396a7115d8ed5fd",
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+                "sha256:6489e72ea75a30cb07686ce01e24bf65fc7f42edf429153a70abb9e38e56ef52"
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+            "version": "==3.0.0rc2"
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         "mccabe": {
             "hashes": [
@@ -209,56 +514,140 @@
         },
         "more-itertools": {
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             ],
-            "version": "==4.3.0"
+            "version": "==5.0.0"
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+            "version": "==18.0"
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-            "version": "==0.7.1"
+            "version": "==0.8.1"
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-            "version": "==1.6.0"
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+        "pyparsing": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:40856e74d4987de5d01761a22d1621ae1c7f8774585acae358aa5c5936c6c90b",
+                "sha256:f353aab21fd474459d97b709e527b5571314ee5f067441dc9f88e33eecd96592"
+            ],
+            "version": "==2.3.0"
         },
         "pytest": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:7e258ee50338f4e46957f9e09a0f10fb1c2d05493fa901d113a8dafd0790de4e",
-                "sha256:9332147e9af2dcf46cd7ceb14d5acadb6564744ddff1fe8c17f0ce60ece7d9a2"
+                "sha256:3e65a22eb0d4f1bdbc1eacccf4a3198bf8d4049dea5112d70a0c61b00e748d02",
+                "sha256:5924060b374f62608a078494b909d341720a050b5224ff87e17e12377486a71d"
             ],
             "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==3.8.2"
+            "version": "==4.1.0"
+        },
+        "pytest-cov": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:0ab664b25c6aa9716cbf203b17ddb301932383046082c081b9848a0edf5add33",
+                "sha256:230ef817450ab0699c6cc3c9c8f7a829c34674456f2ed8df1fe1d39780f7c87f"
+            ],
+            "index": "pypi",
+            "version": "==2.6.1"
+        },
+        "pytz": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:32b0891edff07e28efe91284ed9c31e123d84bea3fd98e1f72be2508f43ef8d9",
+                "sha256:d5f05e487007e29e03409f9398d074e158d920d36eb82eaf66fb1136b0c5374c"
+            ],
+            "version": "==2018.9"
+        },
+        "readme-renderer": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:bb16f55b259f27f75f640acf5e00cf897845a8b3e4731b5c1a436e4b8529202f",
+                "sha256:c8532b79afc0375a85f10433eca157d6b50f7d6990f337fa498c96cd4bfc203d"
+            ],
+            "version": "==24.0"
+        },
+        "requests": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:502a824f31acdacb3a35b6690b5fbf0bc41d63a24a45c4004352b0242707598e",
+                "sha256:7bf2a778576d825600030a110f3c0e3e8edc51dfaafe1c146e39a2027784957b"
+            ],
+            "version": "==2.21.0"
+        },
+        "requests-toolbelt": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:42c9c170abc2cacb78b8ab23ac957945c7716249206f90874651971a4acff237",
+                "sha256:f6a531936c6fa4c6cfce1b9c10d5c4f498d16528d2a54a22ca00011205a187b5"
+            ],
+            "version": "==0.8.0"
         },
         "six": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:70e8a77beed4562e7f14fe23a786b54f6296e34344c23bc42f07b15018ff98e9",
-                "sha256:832dc0e10feb1aa2c68dcc57dbb658f1c7e65b9b61af69048abc87a2db00a0eb"
+                "sha256:3350809f0555b11f552448330d0b52d5f24c91a322ea4a15ef22629740f3761c",
+                "sha256:d16a0141ec1a18405cd4ce8b4613101da75da0e9a7aec5bdd4fa804d0e0eba73"
             ],
-            "version": "==1.11.0"
+            "version": "==1.12.0"
+        },
+        "snowballstemmer": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:919f26a68b2c17a7634da993d91339e288964f93c274f1343e3bbbe2096e1128",
+                "sha256:9f3bcd3c401c3e862ec0ebe6d2c069ebc012ce142cce209c098ccb5b09136e89"
+            ],
+            "version": "==1.2.1"
+        },
+        "sphinx": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:429e3172466df289f0f742471d7e30ba3ee11f3b5aecd9a840480d03f14bcfe5",
+                "sha256:c4cb17ba44acffae3d3209646b6baec1e215cad3065e852c68cc569d4df1b9f8"
+            ],
+            "index": "pypi",
+            "version": "==1.8.3"
+        },
+        "sphinxcontrib-websupport": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:68ca7ff70785cbe1e7bccc71a48b5b6d965d79ca50629606c7861a21b206d9dd",
+                "sha256:9de47f375baf1ea07cdb3436ff39d7a9c76042c10a769c52353ec46e4e8fc3b9"
+            ],
+            "version": "==1.1.0"
         },
         "toml": {
             "hashes": [
@@ -266,6 +655,42 @@
                 "sha256:235682dd292d5899d361a811df37e04a8828a5b1da3115886b73cf81ebc9100e"
             ],
             "version": "==0.10.0"
+        },
+        "tqdm": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:b856be5cb6cfaee3b2733655c7c5bbc7751291bb5d1a4f54f020af4727570b3e",
+                "sha256:c9b9b5eeba13994a4c266aae7eef7aeeb0ba2973e431027e942b4faea139ef49"
+            ],
+            "version": "==4.29.1"
+        },
+        "twine": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:7d89bc6acafb31d124e6e5b295ef26ac77030bf098960c2a4c4e058335827c5c",
+                "sha256:fad6f1251195f7ddd1460cb76d6ea106c93adb4e56c41e0da79658e56e547d2c"
+            ],
+            "index": "pypi",
+            "version": "==1.12.1"
+        },
+        "urllib3": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:61bf29cada3fc2fbefad4fdf059ea4bd1b4a86d2b6d15e1c7c0b582b9752fe39",
+                "sha256:de9529817c93f27c8ccbfead6985011db27bd0ddfcdb2d86f3f663385c6a9c22"
+            ],
+            "version": "==1.24.1"
+        },
+        "webencodings": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:a0af1213f3c2226497a97e2b3aa01a7e4bee4f403f95be16fc9acd2947514a78",
+                "sha256:b36a1c245f2d304965eb4e0a82848379241dc04b865afcc4aab16748587e1923"
+            ],
+            "version": "==0.5.1"
+        },
+        "werkzeug": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:c3fd7a7d41976d9f44db327260e263132466836cef6f91512889ed60ad26557c",
+                "sha256:d5da73735293558eb1651ee2fddc4d0dedcfa06538b8813a2e20011583c9e49b"
+            ],
+            "version": "==0.14.1"
         }
     }
 }

README.md

@@ -1,35 +1,73 @@
-# Responder: a Sorta Familar HTTP Framework for Python
+# Responder: a familiar HTTP Service Framework for Python
 
-![](https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1937/30196007887_604e2f10d8_k_d.jpg)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/kennethreitz/responder.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/kennethreitz/responder)
+[![Documentation Status](https://readthedocs.org/projects/mybinder/badge/?version=latest)](https://responder.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)
+[![image](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/responder.svg)](https://pypi.org/project/responder/)
+[![image](https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/responder.svg)](https://pypi.org/project/responder/)
+[![image](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/responder.svg)](https://pypi.org/project/responder/)
+[![image](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/kennethreitz/responder.svg)](https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/graphs/contributors)
 
-I'm adept to keep the "for humans" tagline off this project, until it comes out of the prototyping phase. I'm building this to learn, and to have fun -- while, at the same time, trying to bring something new to the table.
+[![](https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1959/43750081370_a4e20752de_o_d.png)](https://python-responder.org/)
+
+
+Powered by [Starlette](https://www.starlette.io/). That `async` declaration is optional. [View documentation](https://python-responder.org).
+
+This gets you a ASGI app, with a production static files server pre-installed, jinja2 templating (without additional imports), and a production webserver based on uvloop, serving up requests with gzip compression automatically.
+
+
+## Testimonials
+
+> "Pleasantly very taken with python-responder. [@kennethreitz](https://twitter.com/kennethreitz) at his absolute best." —Rudraksh M.K.
+
+> "ASGI is going to enable all sorts of new high-performance web services. It's awesome to see Responder starting to take advantage of that." — Tom Christie author of [Django REST Framework](https://www.django-rest-framework.org/)
+
+> "I love that you are exploring new patterns. Go go go!" — Danny Greenfield, author of [Two Scoops of Django]()
+
+
+## More Examples
+
+See [the documentation's feature tour](https://python-responder.org/en/latest/tour.html) for more details on features available in Responder.
+
+
+# Installing Responder
+
+Install the latest release:
+
+
+    $ pipenv install responder --pre
+    ✨🍰✨
+
+
+Or, install from the development branch:
+
+    $ pipenv install -e git+https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder.git#egg=responder
+
+Only **Python 3.6+** is supported.
 
-The Python world certianly doesn't need more web frameworks. But, it does need more creativity, so I thought I'd bring some of my ideas to the table and see what I could come up with.
 
 # The Basic Idea
 
-The primary concept here is to bring the nicities that are brought forth from both Flask and Falcon and unify them into a single framework, along with some new ideas I have. I also wanted to take some of the API primitaves that are instilled in the Requests library and put them into a web framework. So, you'll find a lot of parallels here with Requests.
+The primary concept here is to bring the niceties that are brought forth from both Flask and Falcon and unify them into a single framework, along with some new ideas I have. I also wanted to take some of the API primitives that are instilled in the Requests library and put them into a web framework. So, you'll find a lot of parallels here with Requests.
 
-## Old Ideas
+- Setting `resp.text` sends back unicode, while setting `resp.content` sends back bytes.
+- Setting `resp.media` sends back JSON/YAML (`.text`/`.content` override this).
+- Case-insensitive `req.headers` dict (from Requests directly).
+- `resp.status_code`, `req.method`, `req.url`, and other familiar friends.
 
-- Flask-style route expression, with new capabilities -- primarily, the ability to cast a parameter to integers as well as other types that are missing from Flask, all while using Python 3.6+'s new f-string syntax.
+## Ideas
 
+- Flask-style route expression, with new capabilities -- all while using Python 3.6+'s new f-string syntax.
 - I love Falcon's "every request and response is passed into to each view and mutated" methodology, especially `response.media`, and have used it here. In addition to supporting JSON, I have decided to support YAML as well, as Kubernetes is slowly taking over the world, and it uses YAML for all the things. Content-negotiation and all that.
-
-## New Ideas
-
 - **A built in testing client that uses the actual Requests you know and love**.
+- The ability to mount other WSGI apps easily.
+- Automatic gzipped-responses.
 - In addition to Falcon's `on_get`, `on_post`, etc methods, Responder features an `on_request` method, which gets called on every type of request, much like Requests.
-- WhiteNoise is built-in, for serving static files (this has yet to be built out, there's no templating or `static_url` yet)
-- Waitress (will-be) built-in as a production web server. I would have chosen Gunicorn, but it doesn't run on Windows. Plus, Waitress serves well to protect against slowloris attacks, making nginx unneccessary in production.
-- GraphQL support, via Graphene. The goal here is to eventually have an embedded version of GraphiQL exposable at any route.
+- A production static file server is built-in.
+- Uvicorn built-in as a production web server. I would have chosen Gunicorn, but it doesn't run on Windows. Plus, Uvicorn serves well to protect against slowloris attacks, making nginx unnecessary in production.
+- GraphQL support, via Graphene. The goal here is to have any GraphQL query exposable at any route, magically.
+- Provide an official way to run webpack.
 
-## Future Ideas
 
-- I want to be able to "mount" any WSGI app into a sub-route.
-- Cooke-based sessions are currently an afterthrought, as this is an API framework, but websites are APIs too.
-- Potentially support ASGI instead of WSGI. Will the tradeoffs be worth it? This is a question to ask. Procedural code works well for 90% use cases.
+----------
 
-# The Goal
-
-The primary goal here is to learn, not to get adoption. Though, who knows how these things will pan out.
+[![hacktoberfest](https://hacktoberfest.digitalocean.com/assets/hacktoberfest-2018-social-card-c8d2e1489f647f2e0a26e6f598adeb760872818905b34cd437afc7ac2857ceab.png)](https://hacktoberfest.digitalocean.com/)

app.py

@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-import responder
-import graphene
-
-api = responder.API(static="static")
-# api.mount('/subapp', other_wsgi_app)
-
-
-@api.route("/")
-def hello(req, resp):
-    print(resp)
-    # resp.status = responder.status.ok
-    resp.media = {"hello": "world"}
-
-
-class ThingsResource:
-    def on_request(self, req, resp):
-        resp.status = responder.status.HTTP_200
-        resp.media = ["ylolo"]
-
-
-class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
-    hello = graphene.String(name=graphene.String(default_value="stranger"))
-
-    def resolve_hello(self, info, name):
-        return "Hello " + name
-
-
-schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query)
-
-
-class GraphQLResource(responder.GraphQLSchema):
-    import graphene
-
-    def on_request(self, req, resp):
-        resp.status = responder.status.HTTP_200
-        print(schema.execute("{ hello }").data)
-
-        resp.media = ["yolo"]
-
-
-# Alerntatively,
-api.add_route("/2", GraphQLResource)
-api.add_route("/graph", schema)
-
-print(
-    api.session()
-    .get(
-        "http://app/graph?query={ hello }",
-        headers={"Accept": "application/x-yaml"},
-        # data="hello",
-    )
-    .text
-)

docs/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Minimal makefile for Sphinx documentation
+#
+
+# You can set these variables from the command line.
+SPHINXOPTS    =
+SPHINXBUILD   = sphinx-build
+SOURCEDIR     = source
+BUILDDIR      = build
+
+# Put it first so that "make" without argument is like "make help".
+help:
+	@$(SPHINXBUILD) -M help "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O)
+
+.PHONY: help Makefile
+
+# Catch-all target: route all unknown targets to Sphinx using the new
+# "make mode" option.  $(O) is meant as a shortcut for $(SPHINXOPTS).
+%: Makefile
+	@$(SPHINXBUILD) -M $@ "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O)

docs/make.bat

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+@ECHO OFF
+
+pushd %~dp0
+
+REM Command file for Sphinx documentation
+
+if "%SPHINXBUILD%" == "" (
+	set SPHINXBUILD=sphinx-build
+)
+set SOURCEDIR=source
+set BUILDDIR=build
+
+if "%1" == "" goto help
+
+%SPHINXBUILD% >NUL 2>NUL
+if errorlevel 9009 (
+	echo.
+	echo.The 'sphinx-build' command was not found. Make sure you have Sphinx
+	echo.installed, then set the SPHINXBUILD environment variable to point
+	echo.to the full path of the 'sphinx-build' executable. Alternatively you
+	echo.may add the Sphinx directory to PATH.
+	echo.
+	echo.If you don't have Sphinx installed, grab it from
+	echo.http://sphinx-doc.org/
+	exit /b 1
+)
+
+%SPHINXBUILD% -M %1 %SOURCEDIR% %BUILDDIR% %SPHINXOPTS%
+goto end
+
+:help
+%SPHINXBUILD% -M help %SOURCEDIR% %BUILDDIR% %SPHINXOPTS%
+
+:end
+popd

docs/requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+alabaster==0.7.12
+appdirs==1.4.3
+atomicwrites==1.2.1
+attrs==18.2.0
+babel==2.6.0
+black==18.9b0
+bleach==3.0.2
+certifi==2018.8.24
+cffi==1.11.5
+chardet==3.0.4
+click==7.0
+cmarkgfm==0.4.2
+colorama==0.4.0 ; sys_platform == 'win32'
+docutils==0.14
+flake8==3.5.0
+flask==1.0.2
+future==0.16.0
+idna==2.7
+imagesize==1.1.0
+itsdangerous==0.24
+jinja2==2.10
+markupsafe==1.0
+mccabe==0.6.1
+more-itertools==4.3.0
+packaging==18.0
+pkginfo==1.4.2
+pluggy==0.7.1
+py==1.7.0
+pycodestyle==2.3.1
+pycparser==2.19
+pyflakes==1.6.0
+pygments==2.2.0
+pyparsing==2.2.2
+pytest==3.8.2
+pytz==2018.5
+readme-renderer==22.0
+requests-toolbelt==0.8.0
+requests==2.19.1
+six==1.11.0
+snowballstemmer==1.2.1
+sphinx==1.8.1
+sphinxcontrib-websupport==1.1.0
+toml==0.10.0
+tqdm==4.26.0
+twine==1.12.1
+urllib3==1.23
+webencodings==0.5.1
+werkzeug==0.14.1

docs/source/_static/custom.css

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+/* Hide module name and default value for environment variable section */
+div[id$='environment-variables'] code.descclassname {
+    display: none;
+}
+div[id$='environment-variables'] em.property {
+    display: none;
+}

docs/source/_static/fonts/692185/07B3028D11D5A1878.css

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+/*
+	Copyright (C) 2011-2018 Hoefler & Co.
+	This software is the property of Hoefler & Co. (H&Co).
+	Your right to access and use this software is subject to the
+	applicable License Agreement, or Terms of Service, that exists
+	between you and H&Co. If no such agreement exists, you may not
+	access or use this software for any purpose.
+	This software may only be hosted at the locations specified in
+	the applicable License Agreement or Terms of Service, and only
+	for the purposes expressly set forth therein. You may not copy,
+	modify, convert, create derivative works from or distribute this
+	software in any way, or make it accessible to any third party,
+	without first obtaining the written permission of H&Co.
+	For more information, please visit us at http://typography.com.
+	148887-130097-20181011
+*/
+
+<!-- sorry your browser is not supported. -->

docs/source/_static/fonts/692185/FDCC918E4493D6D80.css

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+/*
+	Copyright (C) 2011-2018 Hoefler & Co.
+	This software is the property of Hoefler & Co. (H&Co).
+	Your right to access and use this software is subject to the
+	applicable License Agreement, or Terms of Service, that exists
+	between you and H&Co. If no such agreement exists, you may not
+	access or use this software for any purpose.
+	This software may only be hosted at the locations specified in
+	the applicable License Agreement or Terms of Service, and only
+	for the purposes expressly set forth therein. You may not copy,
+	modify, convert, create derivative works from or distribute this
+	software in any way, or make it accessible to any third party,
+	without first obtaining the written permission of H&Co.
+	For more information, please visit us at http://typography.com.
+	148887-130097-20181011
+*/
+
+<!-- sorry your browser is not supported. -->

docs/source/_static/konami.js

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+/*
+ * Konami-JS ~
+ * :: Now with support for touch events and multiple instances for
+ * :: those situations that call for multiple easter eggs!
+ * Code: https://github.com/snaptortoise/konami-js
+ * Copyright (c) 2009 George Mandis (georgemandis.com, snaptortoise.com)
+ * Version: 1.6.2 (7/17/2018)
+ * Licensed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+ * Tested in: Safari 4+, Google Chrome 4+, Firefox 3+, IE7+, Mobile Safari 2.2.1+ and Android
+ */
+
+var Konami = function (callback) {
+    var konami = {
+        addEvent: function (obj, type, fn, ref_obj) {
+            if (obj.addEventListener)
+                obj.addEventListener(type, fn, false);
+            else if (obj.attachEvent) {
+                // IE
+                obj["e" + type + fn] = fn;
+                obj[type + fn] = function () {
+                    obj["e" + type + fn](window.event, ref_obj);
+                }
+                obj.attachEvent("on" + type, obj[type + fn]);
+            }
+        },
+        removeEvent: function (obj, eventName, eventCallback) {
+            if (obj.removeEventListener) {
+                obj.removeEventListener(eventName, eventCallback);
+            } else if (obj.attachEvent) {
+                obj.detachEvent(eventName);
+            }
+        },
+        input: "",
+        pattern: "38384040373937396665",
+        keydownHandler: function (e, ref_obj) {
+            if (ref_obj) {
+                konami = ref_obj;
+            } // IE
+            konami.input += e ? e.keyCode : event.keyCode;
+            if (konami.input.length > konami.pattern.length) {
+                konami.input = konami.input.substr((konami.input.length - konami.pattern.length));
+            }
+            if (konami.input === konami.pattern) {
+                konami.code(konami._currentLink);
+                konami.input = '';
+                e.preventDefault();
+                return false;
+            }
+        },
+        load: function (link) {
+            this._currentLink = link;
+            this.addEvent(document, "keydown", this.keydownHandler, this);
+            this.iphone.load(link);
+        },
+        unload: function () {
+            this.removeEvent(document, 'keydown', this.keydownHandler);
+            this.iphone.unload();
+        },
+        code: function (link) {
+            window.location = link
+        },
+        iphone: {
+            start_x: 0,
+            start_y: 0,
+            stop_x: 0,
+            stop_y: 0,
+            tap: false,
+            capture: false,
+            orig_keys: "",
+            keys: ["UP", "UP", "DOWN", "DOWN", "LEFT", "RIGHT", "LEFT", "RIGHT", "TAP", "TAP"],
+            input: [],
+            code: function (link) {
+                konami.code(link);
+            },
+            touchmoveHandler: function (e) {
+                if (e.touches.length === 1 && konami.iphone.capture === true) {
+                    var touch = e.touches[0];
+                    konami.iphone.stop_x = touch.pageX;
+                    konami.iphone.stop_y = touch.pageY;
+                    konami.iphone.tap = false;
+                    konami.iphone.capture = false;
+                    konami.iphone.check_direction();
+                }
+            },
+            touchendHandler: function () {
+                konami.iphone.input.push(konami.iphone.check_direction());
+                
+                if (konami.iphone.input.length > konami.iphone.keys.length) konami.iphone.input.shift();
+                
+                if (konami.iphone.input.length === konami.iphone.keys.length) {
+                    var match = true;
+                    for (var i = 0; i < konami.iphone.keys.length; i++) {
+                        if (konami.iphone.input[i] !== konami.iphone.keys[i]) {
+                            match = false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (match) {
+                        konami.iphone.code(konami._currentLink);
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            touchstartHandler: function (e) {
+                konami.iphone.start_x = e.changedTouches[0].pageX;
+                konami.iphone.start_y = e.changedTouches[0].pageY;
+                konami.iphone.tap = true;
+                konami.iphone.capture = true;
+            },
+            load: function (link) {
+                this.orig_keys = this.keys;
+                konami.addEvent(document, "touchmove", this.touchmoveHandler);
+                konami.addEvent(document, "touchend", this.touchendHandler, false);
+                konami.addEvent(document, "touchstart", this.touchstartHandler);
+            },
+            unload: function () {
+                konami.removeEvent(document, 'touchmove', this.touchmoveHandler);
+                konami.removeEvent(document, 'touchend', this.touchendHandler);
+                konami.removeEvent(document, 'touchstart', this.touchstartHandler);
+            },
+            check_direction: function () {
+                x_magnitude = Math.abs(this.start_x - this.stop_x);
+                y_magnitude = Math.abs(this.start_y - this.stop_y);
+                x = ((this.start_x - this.stop_x) < 0) ? "RIGHT" : "LEFT";
+                y = ((this.start_y - this.stop_y) < 0) ? "DOWN" : "UP";
+                result = (x_magnitude > y_magnitude) ? x : y;
+                result = (this.tap === true) ? "TAP" : result;
+                return result;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    typeof callback === "string" && konami.load(callback);
+    if (typeof callback === "function") {
+        konami.code = callback;
+        konami.load();
+    }
+
+    return konami;
+};
+
+
+if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && typeof module.exports !== 'undefined') {
+        module.exports = Konami;
+} else {
+        if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
+                define([], function() {
+                        return Konami;
+                });
+        } else {
+                window.Konami = Konami;
+        }
+}

docs/source/_templates/hacks.html

@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cloud.typography.com/7584432/7586812/css/fonts.css" />
+<script type="text/javascript">$('#searchbox').hide(0);</script>
+<!--Alabaster (krTheme++) Hacks -->
+
+<!-- CSS Adjustments (I'm very picky.) -->
+<style type="text/css">
+  /* Rezzy requires precise alignment. */
+  img.logo {
+    margin-left: -20px !important;
+  }
+
+  h1 {
+    font-family: "Mercury Text G1 A", "Mercury Text G1 B" !important;
+    font-style: normal !important;
+    font-weight: 600 !important;
+  }
+
+  .section {
+    font-family: "Mercury Text G1 A", "Mercury Text G1 B" !important;
+    font-style: normal !important;
+    font-weight: 400 !important;
+  }
+
+  pre,
+  .pre,
+  .class em,
+  .descname,
+  .method em {
+    font-family: "Operator Mono SSm A", "Operator Mono SSm B", monospace !important;
+    font-weight: 400 !important;
+  }
+
+  .property {
+    color: lightgrey !important;
+  }
+
+  .method .descname {
+    color: #220a54;
+  }
+
+  .method {
+
+    margin-bottom: 2em;
+
+  }
+
+  .si,
+  .s2,
+  .s1,
+  .method em,
+  .class em {
+    font-style: italic !important;
+    color: grey;
+  }
+
+  .method em,
+  .class em {
+    margin-left: 0.3em;
+    margin-right: 0.3em;
+  }
+
+  .method p,
+  .class p {
+    font-family: "Mercury Text G1 A", "Mercury Text G1 B";
+    font-style: italic !important;
+    font-weight: 400 !important;
+    font-size: 1.15em;
+  }
+
+  .method p:first,
+  .class p:first {
+    background: #fffcbf;
+  }
+
+  .class .property {
+    display: none;
+  }
+
+  #testimonials p.attribution {
+    margin-top: -1em;
+  }
+
+
+
+  /* "Quick Search" should be not be shown for now. */
+  div#searchbox h3 {
+    display: none;
+  }
+
+  /* Make the document a little wider, less code is cut-off. */
+  div.document {
+    width: 1008px;
+  }
+
+  /* Much-improved spacing around code blocks. */
+  div.highlight pre {
+    padding: 11px 14px;
+  }
+
+  /* Remain Responsive! */
+  @media screen and (max-width: 1008px) {
+    div.sphinxsidebar {
+      display: none;
+    }
+
+    div.document {
+      width: 100% !important;
+    }
+
+    /* Have code blocks escape the document right-margin. */
+    div.highlight pre {
+      margin-right: -30px;
+    }
+  }
+</style>
+
+<!-- Analytics tracking for Kenneth. -->
+<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-127383416-1"></script>
+<script>
+  window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
+  function gtag() { dataLayer.push(arguments); }
+  gtag('js', new Date());
+
+  gtag('config', 'UA-127383416-1');
+</script>
+
+<!-- There are no more hacks. -->
+<!--         இڿڰۣ-ڰۣ—         -->
+<!--   Love, Kenneth Reitz    -->
+
+<script src="{{ pathto('_static/', 1) }}/konami.js"></script>
+<script>
+  var easter_egg = new Konami('https://www.myfortunecookie.co.uk/fortunes/' + (Math.floor(Math.random() * 152) + 1));
+</script>
+
+<style>
+  .injected {
+    display: none !important;
+  }
+</style>
+
+<!-- GitHub Logo -->
+<a href="https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder" class="github-corner" aria-label="View source on GitHub">
+  <svg width="80" height="80" viewBox="0 0 250 250" style="fill:#151513; color:#fff; position: absolute; top: 0; border: 0; right: 0;"
+    aria-hidden="true">
+    <path d="M0,0 L115,115 L130,115 L142,142 L250,250 L250,0 Z"></path>
+    <path d="M128.3,109.0 C113.8,99.7 119.0,89.6 119.0,89.6 C122.0,82.7 120.5,78.6 120.5,78.6 C119.2,72.0 123.4,76.3 123.4,76.3 C127.3,80.9 125.5,87.3 125.5,87.3 C122.9,97.6 130.6,101.9 134.4,103.2"
+      fill="currentColor" style="transform-origin: 130px 106px;" class="octo-arm"></path>
+    <path d="M115.0,115.0 C114.9,115.1 118.7,116.5 119.8,115.4 L133.7,101.6 C136.9,99.2 139.9,98.4 142.2,98.6 C133.8,88.0 127.5,74.4 143.8,58.0 C148.5,53.4 154.0,51.2 159.7,51.0 C160.3,49.4 163.2,43.6 171.4,40.1 C171.4,40.1 176.1,42.5 178.8,56.2 C183.1,58.6 187.2,61.8 190.9,65.4 C194.5,69.0 197.7,73.2 200.1,77.6 C213.8,80.2 216.3,84.9 216.3,84.9 C212.7,93.1 206.9,96.0 205.4,96.6 C205.1,102.4 203.0,107.8 198.3,112.5 C181.9,128.9 168.3,122.5 157.7,114.1 C157.9,116.9 156.7,120.9 152.7,124.9 L141.0,136.5 C139.8,137.7 141.6,141.9 141.8,141.8 Z"
+      fill="currentColor" class="octo-body"></path>
+  </svg>
+</a>
+<style>
+  .github-corner:hover .octo-arm {
+    animation: octocat-wave 560ms ease-in-out
+  }
+
+  @keyframes octocat-wave {
+
+    0%,
+    100% {
+      transform: rotate(0)
+    }
+
+    20%,
+    60% {
+      transform: rotate(-25deg)
+    }
+
+    40%,
+    80% {
+      transform: rotate(10deg)
+    }
+  }
+
+  @media (max-width:500px) {
+    .github-corner:hover .octo-arm {
+      animation: none
+    }
+
+    .github-corner .octo-arm {
+      animation: octocat-wave 560ms ease-in-out
+    }
+  }
+</style>
+
+
+<!-- That was not a hack. That was art.
+
+<!-- UserVoice JavaScript SDK (only needed once on a page) -->
+<script>(function () { var uv = document.createElement('script'); uv.type = 'text/javascript'; uv.async = true; uv.src = '//widget.uservoice.com/f4AQraEfwInlMzkexfRLg.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(uv, s) })()</script>
+
+<!-- A tab to launch the Classic Widget -->
+<script>
+  UserVoice = window.UserVoice || [];
+  UserVoice.push(['showTab', 'classic_widget', {
+    mode: 'feedback',
+    primary_color: '#fa8c28',
+    link_color: '#0a8cc6',
+    forum_id: 913660,
+    tab_label: 'Got feedback?',
+    tab_color: '#00994f',
+    tab_position: 'bottom-left',
+    tab_inverted: true
+  }]);
+</script>

docs/source/_templates/sidebarintro.html

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<p class="logo">
+  <a href="{{ pathto(master_doc) }}">
+    <img class="logo" src="{{ pathto('_static/responder.png', 1) }}" title="https://kennethreitz.org/tattoos" />
+  </a>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  <iframe src="https://ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=kennethreitz&repo=responder&type=watch&count=true&size=large"
+    allowtransparency="true" frameborder="0" scrolling="0" width="200px" height="35px"></iframe>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  <strong>Responder</strong> is a web service framework, written for human beings.
+</p>
+
+<h3>Stay Informed</h3>
+<p>Receive updates on new releases and upcoming projects.</p>
+
+<p><iframe src="https://ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=kennethreitz&type=follow&count=true" allowtransparency="true"
+    frameborder="0" scrolling="0" width="200" height="20"></iframe></p>
+
+<p><a href="https://twitter.com/kennethreitz" class="twitter-follow-button" data-show-count="false">Follow
+    @kennethreitz</a>
+  <script>!function (d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], p = /^http:/.test(d.location) ? 'http' : 'https'; if (!d.getElementById(id)) { js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = p + '://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js'; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); } }(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs');</script>
+</p>
+
+
+<h3>Useful Links</h3>
+<ul>
+
+  <li><a href="http://github.com/kennethreitz/responder">Responder @ GitHub</a></li>
+  <li><a href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/responder">Responder @ PyPI</a></li>
+  <li><a href="http://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/issues">Issue Tracker</a></li>
+</ul>

docs/source/_templates/sidebarlogo.html

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<p class="logo">
+  <a href="{{ pathto(master_doc) }}">
+    <img class="logo" src="{{ pathto('_static/responder.png', 1) }}" title="https://kennethreitz.org/tattoos" />
+  </a>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  <iframe src="https://ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=kennethreitz&repo=responder&type=watch&count=true&size=large"
+    allowtransparency="true" frameborder="0" scrolling="0" width="200px" height="35px"></iframe>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  <strong>Responder</strong> is a web service framework, written for human beings.
+</p>
+
+<h3>Stay Informed</h3>
+<p>Receive updates on new releases and upcoming projects.</p>
+
+<p><iframe src="https://ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=kennethreitz&type=follow&count=true" allowtransparency="true"
+    frameborder="0" scrolling="0" width="200" height="20"></iframe></p>
+
+<p><a href="https://twitter.com/kennethreitz" class="twitter-follow-button" data-show-count="false">Follow
+    @kennethreitz</a>
+  <script>!function (d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], p = /^http:/.test(d.location) ? 'http' : 'https'; if (!d.getElementById(id)) { js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = p + '://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js'; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); } }(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs');</script>
+</p>
+
+
+<h3>Useful Links</h3>
+<ul>
+
+  <li><a href="http://github.com/kennethreitz/responder">Responder @ GitHub</a></li>
+  <li><a href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/responder">Responder @ PyPI</a></li>
+  <li><a href="http://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/issues">Issue Tracker</a></li>
+</ul>

docs/source/api.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+
+API Documentation
+=================
+
+
+Web Service (API) Class
+-----------------------
+.. module:: responder
+
+.. autoclass:: API
+    :inherited-members:
+
+Requests & Responses
+--------------------
+
+
+.. autoclass:: Request
+    :inherited-members:
+
+.. autoclass:: Response
+    :inherited-members:
+
+
+Utility Functions
+-----------------
+
+.. autofunction:: responder.API.status_codes.is_100
+
+.. autofunction:: responder.API.status_codes.is_200
+
+.. autofunction:: responder.API.status_codes.is_300
+
+.. autofunction:: responder.API.status_codes.is_400
+
+.. autofunction:: responder.API.status_codes.is_500

docs/source/conf.py

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Configuration file for the Sphinx documentation builder.
+#
+# This file does only contain a selection of the most common options. For a
+# full list see the documentation:
+# http://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/config
+
+# -- Path setup --------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
+# add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
+# documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
+#
+# import os
+# import sys
+# sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+
+
+# -- Project information -----------------------------------------------------
+
+project = "responder"
+copyright = "2018, A Kenneth Reitz project"
+author = "Kenneth Reitz"
+
+# The short X.Y version
+import os
+
+# Path hackery to get current version number.
+here = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+
+about = {}
+with open(os.path.join(here, "..", "..", "responder", "__version__.py")) as f:
+    exec(f.read(), about)
+
+version = about["__version__"]
+# The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags
+release = about["__version__"]
+
+
+# -- General configuration ---------------------------------------------------
+
+# If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here.
+#
+# needs_sphinx = '1.0'
+
+# Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be
+# extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
+# ones.
+extensions = [
+    "sphinx.ext.autodoc",
+    "sphinx.ext.doctest",
+    "sphinx.ext.intersphinx",
+    "sphinx.ext.todo",
+    "sphinx.ext.coverage",
+    "sphinx.ext.mathjax",
+    "sphinx.ext.ifconfig",
+    "sphinx.ext.viewcode",
+    "sphinx.ext.githubpages",
+]
+
+# Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
+templates_path = ["_templates"]
+
+# The suffix(es) of source filenames.
+# You can specify multiple suffix as a list of string:
+#
+# source_suffix = ['.rst', '.md']
+source_suffix = ".rst"
+
+# The master toctree document.
+master_doc = "index"
+
+# The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
+# for a list of supported languages.
+#
+# This is also used if you do content translation via gettext catalogs.
+# Usually you set "language" from the command line for these cases.
+language = None
+
+# List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
+# directories to ignore when looking for source files.
+# This pattern also affects html_static_path and html_extra_path.
+exclude_patterns = []
+
+# The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
+pygments_style = None
+
+
+# -- Options for HTML output -------------------------------------------------
+
+# The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.  See the documentation for
+# a list of builtin themes.
+#
+html_theme = "alabaster"
+
+# Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme
+# further.  For a list of options available for each theme, see the
+# documentation.
+#
+html_theme_options = {
+    "show_powered_by": False,
+    "github_user": "kennethreitz",
+    "github_repo": "responder",
+    "github_banner": False,
+    "show_related": False,
+}
+
+
+html_sidebars = {
+    "index": ["sidebarintro.html", "sourcelink.html", "searchbox.html", "hacks.html"],
+    "**": [
+        "sidebarlogo.html",
+        "localtoc.html",
+        "relations.html",
+        "sourcelink.html",
+        "searchbox.html",
+        "hacks.html",
+    ],
+}
+
+# Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
+# relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
+# so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
+html_static_path = ["_static"]
+
+# Custom sidebar templates, must be a dictionary that maps document names
+# to template names.
+#
+# The default sidebars (for documents that don't match any pattern) are
+# defined by theme itself.  Builtin themes are using these templates by
+# default: ``['localtoc.html', 'relations.html', 'sourcelink.html',
+# 'searchbox.html']``.
+#
+# html_sidebars = {}
+
+
+# -- Options for HTMLHelp output ---------------------------------------------
+
+# Output file base name for HTML help builder.
+htmlhelp_basename = "responderdoc"
+
+
+# -- Options for LaTeX output ------------------------------------------------
+
+latex_elements = {
+    # The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
+    #
+    # 'papersize': 'letterpaper',
+    # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
+    #
+    # 'pointsize': '10pt',
+    # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
+    #
+    # 'preamble': '',
+    # Latex figure (float) alignment
+    #
+    # 'figure_align': 'htbp',
+}
+
+# Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
+# (source start file, target name, title,
+#  author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]).
+latex_documents = [
+    (master_doc, "responder.tex", "responder Documentation", "Kenneth Reitz", "manual")
+]
+
+
+# -- Options for manual page output ------------------------------------------
+
+# One entry per manual page. List of tuples
+# (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
+man_pages = [(master_doc, "responder", "responder Documentation", [author], 1)]
+
+
+# -- Options for Texinfo output ----------------------------------------------
+
+# Grouping the document tree into Texinfo files. List of tuples
+# (source start file, target name, title, author,
+#  dir menu entry, description, category)
+texinfo_documents = [
+    (
+        master_doc,
+        "responder",
+        "responder Documentation",
+        author,
+        "responder",
+        "One line description of project.",
+        "Miscellaneous",
+    )
+]
+
+
+# -- Options for Epub output -------------------------------------------------
+
+# Bibliographic Dublin Core info.
+epub_title = project
+
+# The unique identifier of the text. This can be a ISBN number
+# or the project homepage.
+#
+# epub_identifier = ''
+
+# A unique identification for the text.
+#
+# epub_uid = ''
+
+# A list of files that should not be packed into the epub file.
+epub_exclude_files = ["search.html"]
+
+
+# -- Extension configuration -------------------------------------------------
+
+# -- Options for intersphinx extension ---------------------------------------
+
+# Example configuration for intersphinx: refer to the Python standard library.
+intersphinx_mapping = {"https://docs.python.org/": None}
+
+# -- Options for todo extension ----------------------------------------------
+
+# If true, `todo` and `todoList` produce output, else they produce nothing.
+todo_include_todos = True

docs/source/deployment.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+Deploying Responder
+===================
+
+You can deploy Responder anywhere you can deploy a basic Python application.
+
+Docker Deployment
+-----------------
+
+Assuming existing ``api.py`` and ``Pipfile.lock`` containing ``responder``.
+
+``Dockerfile``::
+
+    FROM kennethreitz/pipenv
+    ENV PORT '80'
+    COPY . /app
+    CMD python3 api.py
+    EXPOSE 80
+
+That's it!
+
+Heroku Deployment
+-----------------
+
+The basics::
+
+    $ mkdir my-api
+    $ cd my-api
+    $ git init
+    $ heroku create
+    ...
+
+Install Responder::
+
+    $ pipenv install responder --pre
+    ...
+
+Write out an ``api.py``::
+
+    import responder
+
+    api = responder.API()
+
+    @api.route("/")
+    async def hello(req, resp):
+        resp.text = "hello, world!"
+
+    if __name__ == "__main__":
+        api.run()
+
+Write out a ``Procfile``::
+
+    web: python api.py
+
+That's it! Next, we commit and push to Heroku::
+
+    $ git add -A
+    $ git commit -m 'initial commit'
+    $ git push heroku master

docs/source/index.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+.. responder documentation master file, created by
+   sphinx-quickstart on Thu Oct 11 12:58:34 2018.
+   You can adapt this file completely to your liking, but it should at least
+   contain the root `toctree` directive.
+
+A familiar HTTP Service Framework
+=================================
+
+|Build Status| |image1| |image2| |image3| |image4| |image5|
+
+.. |Build Status| image:: https://travis-ci.org/kennethreitz/responder.svg?branch=master
+   :target: https://travis-ci.org/kennethreitz/responder
+.. |image1| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/responder.svg
+   :target: https://pypi.org/project/responder/
+.. |image2| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/responder.svg
+   :target: https://pypi.org/project/responder/
+.. |image3| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/responder.svg
+   :target: https://pypi.org/project/responder/
+.. |image4| image:: https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/kennethreitz/responder.svg
+   :target: https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder/graphs/contributors
+.. |image5| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/Say%20Thanks-!-1EAEDB.svg
+   :target: https://saythanks.io/to/kennethreitz
+
+.. code:: python
+
+   import responder
+
+   api = responder.API()
+
+   @api.route("/{greeting}")
+   async def greet_world(req, resp, *, greeting):
+       resp.text = f"{greeting}, world!"
+
+   if __name__ == '__main__':
+       api.run()
+
+Powered by `Starlette <https://www.starlette.io/>`_. That ``async`` declaration is optional.
+
+This gets you a ASGI app, with a production static files server (WhiteNoise)
+pre-installed, jinja2 templating (without additional imports), and a
+production webserver based on uvloop, serving up requests with gzip
+compression automatically.
+
+Features
+--------
+
+- A pleasant API, with a single import statement.
+- Class-based views without inheritance.
+- ASGI framework, the future of Python web services.
+- WebSocket support!
+- The ability to mount any ASGI / WSGI app at a subroute.
+- *f-string syntax* route declaration.
+- Mutable response object, passed into each view. No need to return anything.
+- Background tasks, spawned off in a ``ThreadPoolExecutor``.
+- GraphQL (with *GraphiQL*) support!
+- OpenAPI schema generation, with interactive documentation!
+- Single-page webapp support!
+
+Testimonials
+------------
+
+   “Pleasantly very taken with python-responder.
+   `@kennethreitz <https://twitter.com/kennethreitz>`_ at his absolute
+   best.”
+
+    —Rudraksh M.K.
+
+
+
+..
+
+   "ASGI is going to enable all sorts of new high-performance web services. It's awesome to see Responder starting to take advantage of that."
+
+    —Tom Christie, author of `Django REST Framework`_
+
+..
+
+
+   “I love that you are exploring new patterns. Go go go!”
+
+    — Danny Greenfield, author of `Two Scoops of Django`_
+
+
+.. _Django REST Framework: https://www.django-rest-framework.org/
+.. _Two Scoops of Django: https://www.twoscoopspress.com/products/two-scoops-of-django-1-11
+
+User Guides
+-----------
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   quickstart
+   tour
+   deployment
+   testing
+   api
+
+
+Installing Responder
+--------------------
+
+.. code-block:: shell
+
+    $ pipenv install responder --pre
+    ✨🍰✨
+
+Only **Python 3.6+** is supported.
+
+
+The Basic Idea
+--------------
+
+The primary concept here is to bring the niceties that are brought forth from both Flask and Falcon and unify them into a single framework, along with some new ideas I have. I also wanted to take some of the API primitives that are instilled in the Requests library and put them into a web framework. So, you'll find a lot of parallels here with Requests.
+
+- Setting ``resp.text`` sends back unicode, while setting ``resp.content`` sends back bytes.
+- Setting ``resp.media`` sends back JSON/YAML (``.text``/``.content`` override this).
+- Case-insensitive ``req.headers`` dict (from Requests directly).
+- ``resp.status_code``, ``req.method``, ``req.url``, and other familiar friends.
+
+Ideas
+-----
+
+- Flask-style route expression, with new capabilities -- all while using Python 3.6+'s new f-string syntax.
+- I love Falcon's "every request and response is passed into each view and mutated" methodology, especially ``response.media``, and have used it here. In addition to supporting JSON, I have decided to support YAML as well, as Kubernetes is slowly taking over the world, and it uses YAML for all the things. Content-negotiation and all that.
+- **A built in testing client that uses the actual Requests you know and love**.
+- The ability to mount other WSGI apps easily.
+- Automatic gzipped-responses.
+- In addition to Falcon's ``on_get``, ``on_post``, etc methods, Responder features an ``on_request`` method, which gets called on every type of request, much like Requests.
+- A production static files server is built-in.
+- Uvicorn built-in as a production web server. I would have chosen Gunicorn, but it doesn't run on Windows. Plus, Uvicorn serves well to protect against slowloris attacks, making nginx unnecessary in production.
+- GraphQL support, via Graphene. The goal here is to have any GraphQL query exposable at any route, magically.
+
+
+Indices and tables
+==================
+
+* :ref:`genindex`
+* :ref:`modindex`
+* :ref:`search`

docs/source/quickstart.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+Quick Start!
+============
+
+This section of the documentation exists to provide an introduction to the Responder interface,
+as well as educate the user on basic functionality.
+
+
+Declare a Web Service
+---------------------
+
+The first thing you need to do is declare a web service::
+
+    import responder
+
+    api = responder.API()
+
+Hello World!
+------------
+
+Then, you can add a view / route to it.
+
+Here, we'll make the root URL say "hello world!"::
+
+    @api.route("/")
+    def hello_world(req, resp):
+        resp.text = "hello, world!"
+
+Run the Server
+--------------
+
+Next, we can run our web service easily, with ``api.run()``::
+
+    api.run()
+
+This will spin up a production web server on port ``5042``, ready for incoming HTTP requests.
+
+Note: you can pass ``port=5000`` if you want to customize the port. The ``PORT`` environment variable for established web service providers (e.g. Heroku) will automatically be honored and will set the listening address to ``0.0.0.0`` automatically (also configurable through the ``address`` keyword argument).
+
+
+Accept Route Arguments
+----------------------
+
+If you want dynamic URLs, you can use Python's familiar *f-string syntax* to declare variables in your routes::
+
+    @api.route("/hello/{who}")
+    def hello_to(req, resp, *, who):
+        resp.text = f"hello, {who}!"
+
+A ``GET`` request to ``/hello/brettcannon`` will result in a response of ``hello, brettcannon!``.
+
+Returning JSON / YAML
+---------------------
+
+If you want your API to send back JSON, simply set the ``resp.media`` property to a JSON-serializable Python object::
+
+
+    @api.route("/hello/{who}/json")
+    def hello_to(req, resp, *, who):
+        resp.media = {"hello": who}
+
+A ``GET`` request to ``/hello/guido/json`` will result in a response of ``{'hello': 'guido'}``.
+
+If the client requests YAML instead (with a header of ``Accept: application/x-yaml``), YAML will be sent.
+
+Rendering a Template
+--------------------
+
+If you want to render a template, simply use ``api.template``. No need for additional imports::
+
+    @api.route("/hello/{who}/html")
+    def hello_html(req, resp, *, who):
+        resp.content = api.template('hello.html', who=who)
+
+The ``api`` instance is available as an object during template rendering.
+
+Setting Response Status Code
+----------------------------
+
+If you want to set the response status code, simply set ``resp.status_code``::
+
+    @api.route("/416")
+    def teapot(req, resp):
+        resp.status_code = api.status_codes.HTTP_416   # ...or 416
+
+
+Setting Response Headers
+------------------------
+
+If you want to set a response header, like ``X-Pizza: 42``, simply modify the ``resp.headers`` dictionary::
+
+    @api.route("/pizza")
+    def pizza_pizza(req, resp):
+        resp.headers['X-Pizza'] = '42'
+
+That's it!
+
+
+Receiving Data & Background Tasks
+---------------------------------
+
+If you're expecting to read any request data, on the server, you need to declare your view as async and await the content.
+
+Here, we'll process our data in the background, while responding immediately to the client::
+
+    import time
+
+    @api.route("/incoming")
+    async def receive_incoming(req, resp):
+
+        @api.background.task
+        def process_data(data):
+            """Just sleeps for three seconds, as a demo."""
+            time.sleep(3)
+
+
+        # Parse the incoming data as form-encoded.
+        # Note: 'json' and 'yaml' formats are also automatically supported.
+        data = await req.media()
+
+        # Process the data (in the background).
+        process_data(data)
+
+        # Immediately respond that upload was successful.
+        resp.media = {'success': True}
+
+A ``POST`` request to ``/incoming`` will result in an immediate response of ``{'success': true}``.

docs/source/testing.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+Building and Testing with Responder
+===================================
+
+Responder comes with a first-class, well supported test client for your ASGI web services: **Requests**.
+
+Here, we'll go over the basics of setting up a proper Python package and adding testing to it.
+
+The Basics
+----------
+
+Your repository should look like this::
+
+    Pipfile   Pipfile.lock   api.py  test_api.py
+
+``$ cat api.py``::
+
+    import responder
+
+    api = responder.API()
+
+    @api.route("/")
+    def hello_world(req, resp):
+        resp.text = "hello, world!"
+
+    if __name__ == "__main__":
+        api.run()
+
+
+``$ cat Pipfile``::
+
+    [[source]]
+    url = "https://pypi.org/simple"
+    verify_ssl = true
+    name = "pypi"
+
+    [packages]
+    responder = "*"
+
+    [dev-packages]
+    pytest = "*"
+
+    [requires]
+    python_version = "3.7"
+
+    [pipenv]
+    allow_prereleases = true
+
+Writing Tests
+-------------
+
+``$ cat test_api.py``::
+
+    import pytest
+    import api as service
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def api():
+        return service.api
+
+
+    def test_hello_world(api):
+        r = api.requests.get("/")
+        assert r.text == "hello, world!"
+
+``$ pytest``::
+
+    ...
+    ========================== 1 passed in 0.10 seconds ==========================
+
+
+(Optional) Proper Python Package
+--------------------------------
+
+Optionally, you can not rely on relative imports, and instead install your api as a proper package. This requires:
+
+1. A `proper setup.py <https://github.com/kennethreitz/setup.py>`_ file.
+2. ``$ pipenv install -e . --dev``
+
+This will allow you to only specify your dependencies once: in ``setup.py``. ``$ pipenv lock`` will automatically lock your transitive dependencies (e.g. Responder), even if it's not specified in the ``Pipfile``.
+
+This will ensure that your application gets installed in every developer's environment, using Pipenv.

docs/source/tour.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+Feature Tour
+============
+
+
+Class-Based Views
+-----------------
+
+Class-based views (and setting some headers and stuff)::
+
+    @api.route("/{greeting}")
+    class GreetingResource:
+        def on_request(self, req, resp, *, greeting):   # or on_get...
+            resp.text = f"{greeting}, world!"
+            resp.headers.update({'X-Life': '42'})
+            resp.status_code = api.status_codes.HTTP_416
+
+
+Background Tasks
+----------------
+
+Here, you can spawn off a background thread to run any function, out-of-request::
+
+    @api.route("/")
+    def hello(req, resp):
+
+        @api.background.task
+        def sleep(s=10):
+            time.sleep(s)
+            print("slept!")
+
+        sleep()
+        resp.content = "processing"
+
+
+GraphQL
+-------
+
+Serve a GraphQL API::
+
+    import graphene
+
+    class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
+        hello = graphene.String(name=graphene.String(default_value="stranger"))
+
+        def resolve_hello(self, info, name):
+            return f"Hello {name}"
+
+    schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query)
+    view = responder.ext.GraphQLView(api=api, schema=schema)
+
+    api.add_route("/graph", view)
+
+Visiting the endpoint will render a *GraphiQL* instance, in the browser.
+
+You can make use of Responder's Request and Response objects in your GraphQL resolvers through ``info.context['request']`` and ``info.context['response']``.
+
+
+OpenAPI Schema Support
+----------------------
+
+Responder comes with built-in support for OpenAPI / marshmallow::
+
+    import responder
+    from marshmallow import Schema, fields
+
+    api = responder.API(title="Web Service", version="1.0", openapi="3.0.0")
+
+
+    @api.schema("Pet")
+    class PetSchema(Schema):
+        name = fields.Str()
+
+
+    @api.route("/")
+    def route(req, resp):
+        """A cute furry animal endpoint.
+        ---
+        get:
+            description: Get a random pet
+            responses:
+                200:
+                    description: A pet to be returned
+                    schema:
+                        $ref = "#/components/schemas/Pet"
+        """
+        resp.media = PetSchema().dump({"name": "little orange"})
+
+
+::
+
+    >>> r = api.session().get("http://;/schema.yml")
+
+    >>> print(r.text)
+    components:
+    parameters: {}
+    schemas:
+        Pet:
+        properties:
+            name: {type: string}
+        type: object
+    info: {title: Web Service, version: 1.0}
+    openapi: '3.0'
+    paths:
+      /:
+        get:
+          description: Get a random pet
+          responses:
+            200: {description: A pet to be returned, schema: $ref = "#/components/schemas/Pet"}
+    tags: []
+
+
+Interactive Documentation
+-------------------------
+
+Responder can automatically supply API Documentation for you. Using the example above::
+
+    api = responder.API(title="Web Service", version="1.0", openapi="3.0.0", docs_route="/docs")
+
+This will make ``/docs`` render interactive documentation for your API.
+
+Mount a WSGI App (e.g. Flask)
+-----------------------------
+
+Responder gives you the ability to mount another ASGI / WSGI app at a subroute::
+
+    import responder
+    from flask import Flask
+
+    api = responder.API()
+    flask = Flask(__name__)
+
+    @flask.route('/')
+    def hello():
+        return 'hello'
+
+    api.mount('/flask', flask)
+
+That's it!
+
+Single-Page Web Apps
+--------------------
+
+If you have a single-page webapp, you can tell Responder to serve up your ``static/index.html`` at a route, like so::
+
+    api.add_route("/", static=True)
+
+This will make ``index.html`` the default response to all undefined routes.
+
+Reading / Writing Cookies
+-------------------------
+
+Responder makes it very easy to interact with cookies from a Request, or add some to a Response::
+
+    >>> resp.cookies["hello"] = "world"
+
+    >>> req.cookies
+    {"hello": "world"}
+
+
+Using Cookie-Based Sessions
+---------------------------
+
+Responder has built-in support for cookie-based sessions. To enable cookie-based sessions, simply add something to the ``resp.session`` dictionary::
+
+    >>> resp.session['username'] = 'kennethreitz'
+
+A cookie called ``Responder-Session`` will be set, which contains all the data in ``resp.session``. It is signed, for verification purposes.
+
+You can easily read a Request's session data, that can be trusted to have originated from the API::
+
+    >>> req.session
+    {'username': 'kennethreitz'}
+
+**Note**: if you are using this in production, you should pass the ``secret_key`` argument to ``API(...)``::
+
+    api = responder.API(secret_key=os.environ['SECRET_KEY'])
+
+Using ``before_request``
+------------------------
+
+If you'd like a view to be executed before every request, simply do the following::
+
+    @api.route(before_request=True)
+    def prepare_response(req, resp):
+        resp.headers["X-Pizza"] = "42"
+
+Now all requests to your HTTP Service will include an ``X-Pizza`` header.
+
+WebSocket Support
+-----------------
+
+Responder supports WebSockets::
+
+    @api.route('/ws', websocket=True)
+    async def websocket(ws):
+        await ws.accept()
+        while True:
+            name = await ws.receive_text()
+            await ws.send_text(f"Hello {name}!")
+        await ws.close()
+
+Accepting the connection::
+
+    await websocket.accept()
+
+Sending and receiving data::
+
+    await websocket.send_{format}(data) 
+    await websocket.receive_{format}(data)
+
+Supported formats: ``text``, ``json``, ``bytes``.
+
+Closing the connection::
+
+    await websocket.close()
+
+Using Requests Test Client
+--------------------------
+
+Responder comes with a first-class, well supported test client for your ASGI web services: **Requests**.
+
+Here's an example of a test (written with pytest)::
+
+    import myapi
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def api():
+        return myapi.api
+
+    def test_response(api):
+        hello = "hello, world!"
+
+        @api.route('/some-url')
+        def some_view(req, resp):
+            resp.text = hello
+
+        r = api.requests.get(url=api.url_for(some_view))
+        assert r.text == hello
+
+HSTS (Redirect to HTTPS)
+------------------------
+
+Want HSTS (to redirect all traffic to HTTPS)?
+
+::
+
+    api = responder.API(enable_hsts=True)
+
+
+Boom.
+
+CORS
+----
+
+Want `CORS <https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CORS/>`_ ?
+
+::
+
+    api = responder.API(cors=True)
+
+
+The default parameters used by **Responder** are restrictive by default, so you'll need to explicitly enable particular origins, methods, or headers, in order for browsers to be permitted to use them in a Cross-Domain context.
+
+In order to set custom parameters, you need to set the ``cors_params`` argument of ``api``, a dictionary containing the following entries:
+
+* ``allow_origins`` - A list of origins that should be permitted to make cross-origin requests. eg. ``['https://example.org', 'https://www.example.org']``. You can use ``['*']`` to allow any origin.
+* ``allow_origin_regex`` - A regex string to match against origins that should be permitted to make cross-origin requests. eg. ``'https://.*\.example\.org'``.
+* ``allow_methods`` - A list of HTTP methods that should be allowed for cross-origin requests. Defaults to `['GET']`. You can use ``['*']`` to allow all standard methods.
+* ``allow_headers`` - A list of HTTP request headers that should be supported for cross-origin requests. Defaults to ``[]``. You can use ``['*']`` to allow all headers. The ``Accept``, ``Accept-Language``, ``Content-Language`` and ``Content-Type`` headers are always allowed for CORS requests.
+* ``allow_credentials`` - Indicate that cookies should be supported for cross-origin requests. Defaults to ``False``.
+* ``expose_headers`` - Indicate any response headers that should be made accessible to the browser. Defaults to ``[]``.
+* ``max_age`` - Sets a maximum time in seconds for browsers to cache CORS responses. Defaults to ``60``.
+
+Trusted Hosts
+-------------
+
+Make sure that all the incoming requests headers have a valid ``host``, that matches one of the provided patterns in the ``allowed_hosts`` attribute, in order to prevent HTTP Host Header attacks.
+
+A 400 response will be raised, if a request does not match any of the provided patterns in the ``allowed_hosts`` attribute.
+
+::
+
+    api = responder.API(allowed_hosts=[example.com, tenant.example.com])
+
+* ``allowed_hosts`` - A list of allowed hostnames. 
+
+Note:
+
+* By default, all hostnames are allowed.
+* Wildcard domains such as ``*.example.com`` are supported.
+* To allow any hostname use ``allowed_hosts=["*"]``.

ext/assets/noun_https_1875421_000000.svg

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 64 64" enable-background="new 0 0 64 64" xml:space="preserve"><polygon points="32.625,51 21.836,51 28.536,13 39.325,13 "></polygon><polygon points="49.107,51 38.319,51 45.019,13 55.808,13 "></polygon><rect x="9" y="18" width="12" height="12"></rect><rect x="9" y="33" width="12" height="12"></rect></svg>

g.py

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-import graphene
-
-
-class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
-    hello = graphene.String(name=graphene.String(default_value="stranger"))
-
-    def resolve_hello(self, info, name):
-        return "Hello " + name
-
-
-schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query)
-result = schema.execute("{ hello }")
-print(result.data["hello"])

pytest.ini

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[pytest]
+;addopts= -rsxX -s -v --strict
+filterwarnings =
+    error::UserWarning

readthedocs.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+build:
+    image: latest
+
+python:
+    version: 3.6

responder/__init__.py

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 from .core import *
+from . import ext

responder/__main__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+from .cli import main
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

responder/__version__.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+__version__ = "1.1.2"

responder/api.py

@@ -1,166 +1,663 @@
+import json
 import os
+
+from uuid import uuid4
 from pathlib import Path
+from base64 import b64encode
 
-import graphene
-
+import apistar
+import itsdangerous
+import jinja2
+import uvicorn
+import yaml
+from apispec import APISpec, yaml_utils
+from apispec.ext.marshmallow import MarshmallowPlugin
+from asgiref.wsgi import WsgiToAsgi
+from starlette.middleware.errors import ServerErrorMiddleware
+from starlette.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
+from starlette.middleware.gzip import GZipMiddleware
+from starlette.middleware.httpsredirect import HTTPSRedirectMiddleware
+from starlette.middleware.lifespan import LifespanMiddleware
+from starlette.middleware.trustedhost import TrustedHostMiddleware
+from starlette.routing import Router, LifespanHandler
+from starlette.staticfiles import StaticFiles
+from starlette.testclient import TestClient
+from starlette.websockets import WebSocket
 from whitenoise import WhiteNoise
-from wsgiadapter import WSGIAdapter as RequestsWSGIAdapter
-from requests import Session as RequestsSession
 
-from . import models
-from .status import HTTP_404
+from . import models, status_codes
+from .background import BackgroundQueue
+from .formats import get_formats
+from .routes import Route
+from .statics import (
+    DEFAULT_API_THEME,
+    DEFAULT_CORS_PARAMS,
+    DEFAULT_SECRET_KEY,
+    DEFAULT_SESSION_COOKIE,
+)
+from .templates import GRAPHIQL
 
 
-class BaseAPI:
-    __slots__ = ["routes"]
+# TODO: consider moving status codes here
+class API:
+    """The primary web-service class.
 
-    def __init__(self):
+        :param static_dir: The directory to use for static files. Will be created for you if it doesn't already exist.
+        :param templates_dir: The directory to use for templates. Will be created for you if it doesn't already exist.
+        :param auto_escape: If ``True``, HTML and XML templates will automatically be escaped.
+        :param enable_hsts: If ``True``, send all responses to HTTPS URLs.
+    """
+
+    status_codes = status_codes
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        debug=False,
+        title=None,
+        version=None,
+        openapi=None,
+        openapi_route="/schema.yml",
+        static_dir="static",
+        static_route="/static",
+        templates_dir="templates",
+        auto_escape=True,
+        secret_key=DEFAULT_SECRET_KEY,
+        enable_hsts=False,
+        docs_route=None,
+        cors=False,
+        cors_params=DEFAULT_CORS_PARAMS,
+        allowed_hosts=None,
+    ):
+        self.background = BackgroundQueue()
+
+        self.secret_key = secret_key
+        self.title = title
+        self.version = version
+        self.openapi_version = openapi
+        self.static_dir = Path(os.path.abspath(static_dir))
+        self.static_route = static_route
+        self.templates_dir = Path(os.path.abspath(templates_dir))
+        self.built_in_templates_dir = Path(
+            os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__) + "/templates")
+        )
         self.routes = {}
+        self.docs_theme = DEFAULT_API_THEME
+        self.docs_route = docs_route
+        self.schemas = {}
+        self.session_cookie = DEFAULT_SESSION_COOKIE
 
-    def _wsgi_app(self, environ, start_response):
-        # def wsgi_app(self, request):
-        """The actual WSGI application. This is not implemented in
-        :meth:`__call__` so that middlewares can be applied without
-        losing a reference to the app object. Instead of doing this::
+        self.hsts_enabled = enable_hsts
+        self.cors = cors
+        self.cors_params = cors_params
+        self.debug = debug
 
-            app = MyMiddleware(app)
+        if not allowed_hosts:
+            # if not debug:
+            #     raise RuntimeError(
+            #         "You need to specify `allowed_hosts` when debug is set to False"
+            #     )
+            allowed_hosts = ["*"]
+        self.allowed_hosts = allowed_hosts
 
-        It's a better idea to do this instead::
+        # Make the static/templates directory if they don't exist.
+        for _dir in (self.static_dir, self.templates_dir):
+            os.makedirs(_dir, exist_ok=True)
 
-            app.wsgi_app = MyMiddleware(app.wsgi_app)
+        self.whitenoise = WhiteNoise(application=self._default_wsgi_app)
+        self.whitenoise.add_files(str(self.static_dir))
 
-        Then you still have the original application object around and
-        can continue to call methods on it.
+        self.whitenoise.add_files(
+            (
+                Path(apistar.__file__).parent / "themes" / self.docs_theme / "static"
+            ).resolve()
+        )
 
-        .. versionchanged:: 0.7
-            Teardown events for the request and app contexts are called
-            even if an unhandled error occurs. Other events may not be
-            called depending on when an error occurs during dispatch.
-            See :ref:`callbacks-and-errors`.
+        self.apps = {}
+        self.mount(self.static_route, self.whitenoise)
 
-        :param environ: A WSGI environment.
-        :param start_response: A callable accepting a status code,
-            a list of headers, and an optional exception context to
-            start the response.
-        """
+        self.formats = get_formats()
 
-        req = models.Request.from_environ(environ)
-        resp = self._dispatch_request(req)
-
-        return resp(environ, start_response)
-
-    def wsgi_app(self, environ, start_response):
-        return self.whitenoise(environ, start_response)
-
-    def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
-        """The WSGI server calls the Flask application object as the
-        WSGI application. This calls :meth:`wsgi_app` which can be
-        wrapped to applying middleware."""
-        return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response)
-
-    def path_matches_route(self, url):
-        for (route, view) in self.routes.items():
-            if url == route:
-                return route
-
-    def _dispatch_request(self, req):
-        route = self.path_matches_route(req.path)
-        resp = models.Response(req=req)
-
-        if route:
-            try:
-                self.routes[route](req, resp)
-            # The request is using class-based views.
-            except TypeError:
-                try:
-                    view = self.routes[route]()
-                # GraphQL Schema.
-                except TypeError:
-                    view = self.routes[route]
-                    self.graphql_response(req, resp, schema=view)
-
-                # Run on_request first.
-                try:
-                    getattr(view, "on_request")(req, resp)
-                except AttributeError:
-                    pass
-
-                # Then on_get.
-                method = req.method.lower()
-
-                try:
-                    getattr(view, f"on_{method}")(req, resp)
-                except AttributeError:
-                    pass
-        else:
-            self.default_response(req, resp)
-
-        return resp
-
-    @property
-    def static_dir(self):
-        return Path(".")
-
-
-class API(BaseAPI):
-    __slots__ = ("routes", "_session", "whitenoise", "static_dir")
-
-    def __init__(self, static="static"):
-        super().__init__()
+        # Cached requests session.
         self._session = None
-        self.static_dir = Path(os.path.abspath(static))
 
-        # Make the static directory if it doesn't exist.
-        os.makedirs(self.static_dir, exist_ok=True)
+        if self.openapi_version:
+            self.add_route(openapi_route, self.schema_response)
 
-        # Mount the whitenoise application.
-        self.whitenoise = WhiteNoise(self._wsgi_app, root=str(self.static_dir))
+        if self.docs_route:
+            self.add_route(self.docs_route, self.docs_response)
 
-    def add_route(self, route, view, *, check_existing=True, graphiql=False):
-        if check_existing:
-            assert route not in self.routes
+        self.default_endpoint = None
+        self.app = self.dispatch
+        self.add_middleware(GZipMiddleware)
 
-        # TODO: Support grpahiql.
+        if self.hsts_enabled:
+            self.add_middleware(HTTPSRedirectMiddleware)
 
-        self.routes[route] = view
+        self.add_middleware(TrustedHostMiddleware, allowed_hosts=self.allowed_hosts)
 
-    def default_response(self, req, resp):
-        resp.status_code = HTTP_404
-        resp.text = "Not found."
+        self.lifespan_handler = LifespanMiddleware(LifespanHandler)
+
+        if self.cors:
+            self.add_middleware(CORSMiddleware, **self.cors_params)
+        self.add_middleware(ServerErrorMiddleware, debug=debug)
+
+        # Jinja enviroment
+        self.jinja_env = jinja2.Environment(
+            loader=jinja2.FileSystemLoader(
+                [str(self.templates_dir), str(self.built_in_templates_dir)],
+                followlinks=True,
+            ),
+            autoescape=jinja2.select_autoescape(["html", "xml"] if auto_escape else []),
+        )
+        self.jinja_values_base = {"api": self}  # Give reference to self.
+        self.requests = (
+            self.session()
+        )  #: A Requests session that is connected to the ASGI app.
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _resolve_graphql_query(req):
-        # Support query/q in form data.
-        if "query" in req.data:
-            return req.data["query"]
-        if "q" in req.data:
-            return req.data["q"]
+    def _default_wsgi_app(*args, **kwargs):
+        pass
 
-        # Support query/q in params.
-        if "query" in req.params:
-            return req.params["query"][0]
-        if "q" in req.params:
-            return req.parama["q"][0]
+    @property
+    def before_requests(self):
+        def gen():
+            for route in self.routes:
+                if self.routes[route].before_request:
+                    yield self.routes[route]
 
-        # Otherwise, the request text is used (typical).
-        # TODO: Make some assertions about content-type here.
-        return req.text
+        return [g for g in gen()]
 
-    def graphql_response(self, req, resp, schema):
-        query = self._resolve_graphql_query(req)
-        result = schema.execute(query)
-        resp.media = dict(result.data)
+    @property
+    def _apispec(self):
+        spec = APISpec(
+            title=self.title,
+            version=self.version,
+            openapi_version=self.openapi_version,
+            plugins=[MarshmallowPlugin()],
+        )
+
+        for route in self.routes:
+            if self.routes[route].description:
+                operations = yaml_utils.load_operations_from_docstring(
+                    self.routes[route].description
+                )
+                spec.path(path=route, operations=operations)
+
+        for name, schema in self.schemas.items():
+            spec.components.schema(name, schema=schema)
+
+        return spec
+
+    @property
+    def openapi(self):
+        return self._apispec.to_yaml()
+
+    def add_middleware(self, middleware_cls, **middleware_config):
+        self.app = middleware_cls(self.app, **middleware_config)
+
+    def __call__(self, scope):
+
+        if scope["type"] == "lifespan":
+            return self.lifespan_handler(scope)
+
+        path = scope["path"]
+        root_path = scope.get("root_path", "")
+
+        # Call into a submounted app, if one exists.
+        for path_prefix, app in self.apps.items():
+            if path.startswith(path_prefix):
+                scope["path"] = path[len(path_prefix) :]
+                scope["root_path"] = root_path + path_prefix
+                try:
+                    return app(scope)
+                except TypeError:
+                    app = WsgiToAsgi(app)
+                    return app(scope)
+
+        return self.app(scope)
+
+    def dispatch(self, scope):
+        # Call the main dispatcher.
+        async def asgi(receive, send):
+            nonlocal scope, self
+
+            if scope["type"] == "lifespan":
+                return self.lifespan_handler(scope)
+            elif scope["type"] == "websocket":
+                ws = WebSocket(scope=scope, receive=receive, send=send)
+                await self._dispatch_ws(ws)
+            else:
+                req = models.Request(scope, receive=receive, api=self)
+                resp = await self._dispatch_request(
+                    req, scope=scope, send=send, receive=receive
+                )
+                await resp(receive, send)
+
+        return asgi
+
+    async def _dispatch_ws(self, ws):
+        route = self.path_matches_route(ws.url.path)
+        route = self.routes.get(route)
+        # await self._dispatch(route, ws=ws)
+        try:
+            try:
+                # Run the view.
+                r = self.background(route.endpoint, ws)
+                # If it's async, await it.
+                if hasattr(r, "cr_running"):
+                    await r
+            except TypeError as e:
+                cont = True
+        except Exception:
+            self.background(
+                self.default_response,
+                websocket=route.uses_websocket,
+                error=True
+            )
+            raise
+
+    def add_schema(self, name, schema, check_existing=True):
+        """Adds a mashmallow schema to the API specification."""
+        if check_existing:
+            assert name not in self.schemas
+
+        self.schemas[name] = schema
+
+    def schema(self, name, **options):
+        """Decorator for creating new routes around function and class definitions.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            from marshmallow import Schema, fields
+
+            @api.schema("Pet")
+            class PetSchema(Schema):
+                name = fields.Str()
+
+        """
 
-    def route(self, route, **options):
         def decorator(f):
-            self.add_route(route, f)
+            self.add_schema(name=name, schema=f, **options)
             return f
 
         return decorator
 
-    def session(self, base_url="http://app"):
+    def path_matches_route(self, path):
+        """Given a path portion of a URL, tests that it matches against any registered route.
+
+        :param path: The path portion of a URL, to test all known routes against.
+        """
+        for (route, route_object) in self.routes.items():
+            if route_object.does_match(path):
+                return route
+
+    def _prepare_cookies(self, resp):
+        if resp.cookies:
+            header = " ".join([f"{k}={v};" for k, v in resp.cookies.items()])
+            resp.headers["Set-Cookie"] = header
+
+    @property
+    def _signer(self):
+        return itsdangerous.Signer(self.secret_key)
+
+    def _prepare_session(self, resp):
+
+        if resp.session:
+            data = self._signer.sign(
+                b64encode(json.dumps(resp.session).encode("utf-8"))
+            )
+            resp.cookies[self.session_cookie] = data.decode("utf-8")
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def no_response(req, resp, **params):
+        pass
+
+    async def _dispatch_request(self, req, **options):
+        # Set formats on Request object.
+        req.formats = self.formats
+
+        # Get the route.
+        route = self.path_matches_route(req.url.path)
+        route = self.routes.get(route)
+        if route:
+            resp = models.Response(req=req, formats=self.formats)
+
+            for before_request in self.before_requests:
+                await self._execute_route(route=before_request, req=req, resp=resp)
+
+            await self._execute_route(route=route, req=req, resp=resp, **options)
+        else:
+            resp = models.Response(req=req, formats=self.formats)
+            self.default_response(req=req, resp=resp, notfound=True)
+        self.default_response(req=req, resp=resp)
+
+        self._prepare_session(resp)
+        self._prepare_cookies(resp)
+
+        return resp
+
+    async def _execute_route(self, *, route, req, resp, **options):
+
+        params = route.incoming_matches(req.url.path)
+
+        cont = True
+
+        if route.is_function:
+            try:
+                try:
+                    # Run the view.
+                    r = self.background(route.endpoint, req, resp, **params)
+                    # If it's async, await it.
+                    if hasattr(r, "cr_running"):
+                        await r
+                except TypeError as e:
+                    cont = True
+            except Exception:
+                self.background(self.default_response, req, resp, error=True)
+                raise
+
+        if route.is_class_based or cont:
+            try:
+                view = route.endpoint(**params)
+            except TypeError:
+                try:
+                    view = route.endpoint()
+                except TypeError:
+                    view = route.endpoint
+                    pass
+
+            # Run on_request first.
+            try:
+                # Run the view.
+                r = getattr(view, "on_request", self.no_response)
+                r = self.background(r, req, resp, **params)
+                # If it's async, await it.
+                if hasattr(r, "send"):
+                    await r
+            except Exception:
+                await self.background(self.default_response, req, resp, error=True)
+                raise
+
+            # Then run on_method.
+            method = req.method
+            try:
+                # Run the view.
+                r = getattr(view, f"on_{method}", self.no_response)
+                r = self.background(r, req, resp, **params)
+                # If it's async, await it.
+                if hasattr(r, "send"):
+                    await r
+            except Exception as e:
+                await self.background(self.default_response, req, resp, error=True)
+                raise
+
+    def add_event_handler(self, event_type, handler):
+        """Adds an event handler to the API.
+
+        :param event_type: A string in ("startup", "shutdown")
+        :param handler: The function to run. Can be either a function or a coroutine.
+        """
+
+        self.lifespan_handler.add_event_handler(event_type, handler)
+
+    def add_route(
+        self,
+        route=None,
+        endpoint=None,
+        *,
+        default=False,
+        static=False,
+        check_existing=True,
+        websocket=False,
+        before_request=False,
+    ):
+        """Adds a route to the API.
+
+        :param route: A string representation of the route.
+        :param endpoint: The endpoint for the route -- can be a callable, or a class.
+        :param default: If ``True``, all unknown requests will route to this view.
+        :param static: If ``True``, and no endpoint was passed, render "static/index.html", and it will become a default route.
+        :param check_existing: If ``True``, an AssertionError will be raised, if the route is already defined.
+        """
+        if route is None:
+            route = f"/{uuid4().hex}"
+
+        if check_existing:
+            assert route not in self.routes
+
+        if not endpoint and static:
+            endpoint = self.static_response
+            default = True
+
+        if default:
+            self.default_endpoint = endpoint
+
+        self.routes[route] = Route(
+            route, endpoint, websocket=websocket, before_request=before_request
+        )
+        # TODO: A better data structure or sort it once the app is loaded
+        self.routes = dict(
+            sorted(self.routes.items(), key=lambda item: item[1]._weight())
+        )
+
+    def default_response(
+        self, req=None, resp=None, websocket=False, notfound=False, error=False
+    ):
+        if websocket:
+            return
+
+        if resp.status_code is None:
+            resp.status_code = 200
+
+        if self.default_endpoint and notfound:
+            self.default_endpoint(req=req, resp=resp)
+        else:
+            if notfound:
+                resp.status_code = status_codes.HTTP_404
+                resp.text = "Not found."
+            if error:
+                resp.status_code = status_codes.HTTP_500
+                resp.text = "Application error."
+
+    def docs_response(self, req, resp):
+        resp.text = self.docs
+
+    def static_response(self, req, resp):
+        index = (self.static_dir / "index.html").resolve()
+        resp.content = None
+        if os.path.exists(index):
+            with open(index, "r") as f:
+                resp.text = f.read()
+
+    def schema_response(self, req, resp):
+        resp.status_code = status_codes.HTTP_200
+        resp.headers["Content-Type"] = "application/x-yaml"
+        resp.content = self.openapi
+
+    def redirect(
+        self, resp, location, *, set_text=True, status_code=status_codes.HTTP_301
+    ):
+        """Redirects a given response to a given location.
+
+        :param resp: The Response to mutate.
+        :param location: The location of the redirect.
+        :param set_text: If ``True``, sets the Redirect body content automatically.
+        :param status_code: an `API.status_codes` attribute, or an integer, representing the HTTP status code of the redirect.
+        """
+
+        # assert resp.status_code.is_300(status_code)
+
+        resp.status_code = status_code
+        if set_text:
+            resp.text = f"Redirecting to: {location}"
+        resp.headers.update({"Location": location})
+
+    def on_event(self, event_type: str, **args):
+        """Decorator for registering functions or coroutines to run at certain events
+        Supported events: startup, cleanup, shutdown, tick
+
+        Usage::
+
+            @api.on_event('startup')
+            async def open_database_connection_pool():
+                ...
+
+            @api.on_event('tick', seconds=10)
+            async def do_stuff():
+                ...
+
+            @api.on_event('cleanup')
+            async def close_database_connection_pool():
+                ...
+
+        """
+
+        def decorator(func):
+            self.add_event_handler(event_type, func, **args)
+            return func
+
+        return decorator
+
+    def route(self, route=None, **options):
+        """Decorator for creating new routes around function and class definitions.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            @api.route("/hello")
+            def hello(req, resp):
+                resp.text = "hello, world!"
+
+        """
+
+        def decorator(f):
+            self.add_route(route, f, **options)
+            return f
+
+        return decorator
+
+    def mount(self, route, app):
+        """Mounts an WSGI / ASGI application at a given route.
+
+        :param route: String representation of the route to be used (shouldn't be parameterized).
+        :param app: The other WSGI / ASGI app.
+        """
+        self.apps.update({route: app})
+
+    def session(self, base_url="http://;"):
+        """Testing HTTP client. Returns a Requests session object, able to send HTTP requests to the Responder application.
+
+        :param base_url: The URL to mount the connection adaptor to.
+        """
+
         if self._session is None:
-            session = RequestsSession()
-            session.mount(base_url, RequestsWSGIAdapter(self))
-            self._session = session
+            self._session = TestClient(self, base_url=base_url)
         return self._session
+
+    def _route_for(self, endpoint):
+        for route_object in self.routes.values():
+            if endpoint in (route_object.endpoint, route_object.endpoint_name):
+                return route_object
+
+    def url_for(self, endpoint, **params):
+        # TODO: Absolute_url
+        """Given an endpoint, returns a rendered URL for its route.
+
+        :param endpoint: The route endpoint you're searching for.
+        :param params: Data to pass into the URL generator (for parameterized URLs).
+        """
+        route_object = self._route_for(endpoint)
+        if route_object:
+            return route_object.url(**params)
+        raise ValueError
+
+    def static_url(self, asset):
+        """Given a static asset, return its URL path."""
+        return f"{self.static_route}/{str(asset)}"
+
+    @property
+    def docs(self):
+
+        loader = jinja2.PrefixLoader(
+            {
+                self.docs_theme: jinja2.PackageLoader(
+                    "apistar", os.path.join("themes", self.docs_theme, "templates")
+                )
+            }
+        )
+        env = jinja2.Environment(autoescape=True, loader=loader)
+        document = apistar.document.Document()
+        document.content = yaml.safe_load(self.openapi)
+
+        template = env.get_template("/".join([self.docs_theme, "index.html"]))
+
+        def static_url(asset):
+            return f"{self.static_route}/{asset}"
+            # return asset
+
+        return template.render(
+            document=document,
+            langs=["javascript", "python"],
+            code_style=None,
+            static_url=static_url,
+            schema_url="/schema.yml",
+        )
+
+    def template(self, name_, **values):
+        """Renders the given `jinja2 <http://jinja.pocoo.org/docs/>`_ template, with provided values supplied.
+
+        Note: The current ``api`` instance is by default passed into the view. This is set in the dict ``api.jinja_values_base``.
+
+        :param name_: The filename of the jinja2 template, in ``templates_dir``.
+        :param values: Data to pass into the template.
+        """
+        # Prepopulate values with base
+        values = {**self.jinja_values_base, **values}
+
+        template = self.jinja_env.get_template(name_)
+        return template.render(**values)
+
+    def template_string(self, s_, **values):
+        """Renders the given `jinja2 <http://jinja.pocoo.org/docs/>`_ template string, with provided values supplied.
+
+        Note: The current ``api`` instance is by default passed into the view. This is set in the dict ``api.jinja_values_base``.
+
+        :param s_: The template to use.
+        :param values: Data to pass into the template.
+        """
+        # Prepopulate values with base
+        values = {**self.jinja_values_base, **values}
+
+        template = self.jinja_env.from_string(s_)
+        return template.render(**values)
+
+    def serve(self, *, address=None, port=None, debug=False, **options):
+        """Runs the application with uvicorn. If the ``PORT`` environment
+        variable is set, requests will be served on that port automatically to all
+        known hosts.
+
+        :param address: The address to bind to.
+        :param port: The port to bind to. If none is provided, one will be selected at random.
+        :param debug: Run uvicorn server in debug mode.
+        :param options: Additional keyword arguments to send to ``uvicorn.run()``.
+        """
+
+        if "PORT" in os.environ:
+            if address is None:
+                address = "0.0.0.0"
+            port = int(os.environ["PORT"])
+
+        if address is None:
+            address = "127.0.0.1"
+        if port is None:
+            port = 5042
+
+        def spawn():
+            uvicorn.run(self, host=address, port=port, debug=debug, **options)
+
+        spawn()
+
+    def run(self, **kwargs):
+        if 'debug' not in kwargs:
+            kwargs.update({'debug': self.debug})
+        self.serve(**kwargs)

responder/background.py

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import asyncio
+import functools
+import concurrent.futures
+import multiprocessing
+import traceback
+from starlette.concurrency import run_in_threadpool
+
+
+class BackgroundQueue:
+    def __init__(self, n=None):
+        if n is None:
+            n = multiprocessing.cpu_count()
+
+        self.n = n
+        self.pool = concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=n)
+        self.results = []
+
+    def run(self, f, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.pool._max_workers = self.n
+        self.pool._adjust_thread_count()
+
+        f = self.pool.submit(f, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.results.append(f)
+        return f
+
+    def task(self, f):
+        def on_future_done(fs):
+            try:
+                fs.result()
+            except:
+                traceback.print_exc()
+
+        def do_task(*args, **kwargs):
+            result = self.run(f, *args, **kwargs)
+            result.add_done_callback(on_future_done)
+            return result
+
+        return do_task
+
+    async def __call__(self, func, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+        if asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(func):
+            return await asyncio.ensure_future(func(*args, **kwargs))
+        else:
+            return await run_in_threadpool(func, *args, **kwargs)